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174 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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This decade saw a trend towards urban renewal and universal education
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The 60's
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This world event spurred the US to put a higher emphasis on science and a university education
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Soviet union launches SPUTNIK in 1967
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U.S. Schools were desegregated in this year
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1964
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(t/f) Civil rights activists were originally uninterested in music.
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T
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This building in NY became the most prestigious place to cut a record. It was not far from TPA and housed many ASCAP writers.
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The Brill Building
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Brill building writers and producers
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Phil Spector (producer)
Leiber and Stoller (writers) Goffman (writer) |
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(T/F) The Brill Building was desegregated.
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T
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The Shirelles
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"Will You Love Me Tomorrow" (Written by Carol King)
'60s girl group Germ of the Motown image Fashionable, innocent yet strong |
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The Shangri-La's
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"Leader of the Pack"
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Phil Spector
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studio and voices as instruments
- The Crystals ... |
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Reasons why the girl group fad died
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Not progressive enough (throw-back to 50s)
Black women still not entirely respected Overshadowed by Motown and British Invasion |
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Motown founder
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Berry Gordy
- tumultuous relationships - killed by father over misplaced file |
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The Motown Sound
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Catchy, danceable, inoffensive
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Motown
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- started in Detroit
- standardized way of producing music - trained musicians (didn't just use them up and throw them away) - aimed to make music that appealed to everyone - strategy: make short songs for radio - Biggest empire in African American musical history - Thrives on performers seen as virtuous |
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The Motown house band
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Funk Brothers
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Motown Groups
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- Marvin Gaye
- The Supremes - The Temptations |
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"Heard it Through the Grapevine" (1968)
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Marvin Gaye
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Darlene Love
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"He's a Rebel"
- Darlene Love was an overlooked singer, a victim of the Phil Spector phenomenon |
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The Supremes
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Diana Ross, Mary Wilson, Florence Ballard
"Stop in the Name of Love" "Baby Love" |
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Beatles television debut
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1964, Ed Sullivan Show
73 Million viewers (40% of US population) |
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Year the British Invasion started
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1963
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This US record label influenced UK listeners with the Blues and they were surprised it wasn't more popular in US
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Chess Records
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(T/F) British Invasion overshadows but rejeuvenates African-american music
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T
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Main UK cities that developed the British Invasion
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London, Liverpool, Manchester
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Rolling Stones were from this city
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London
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The Beatles were from this city
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Liverpool
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Freddie and the Dreamers (and other UK schlock rock) were from this city
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Manchester
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First Beatles hit written by McCartney and Lennon
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Love Me Do (1962)
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The Beatles first signed to this label
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EMI (producer: George Martin)
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When the Beatles were discovered, where, by whom, and under what name.
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1961 in Liverpool bar "The Cavern" by Brian Epstein under the name The Quarrymen.
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(T/F) The Beatles had to "toughen up" their image before making the transition to the US.
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F (They had to clean up their image)
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Two bands from Liverpool
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The Beatles
The Animals |
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The Beatles' first US #1 hit
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I Want to Hold Your Hand
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Two bands from London
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The Rolling Stones
The Kinks (never fully accepted in US) |
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First bands to be called Heavy Metal
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The Who, Jimmy Hendrix
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(T/F)
The Beatles were working class and The Rolling Stones were middle class. |
T
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(T/F) Early Beatles songs had TPA-type narrative structure
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T
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Rolling Stones were heavily influenced by this type of music
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Blues
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(T/F) Mick Jagger and Keith Richards both went to university
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T
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"I Saw Her Standing There" 1963
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The Beatles
Driving electric guitar, fast bass, steady drums TPA style lyrics, Chuck Berry momentum Bouble-backbeat handclaps (doo-wop, girl groups, Motown, like Will You Love Me Tomorrow) |
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This type of UK music (equivalent to rockabilly in the US) influenced the Beatles
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Skiffle (Lonnie Donegan)
- combined Jazz with Folk, fun, nonsense lyrics - Originated in the US early 1900s, white working-class on homemade instruments |
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Late Beatles song, political theme
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Get Back
- parody of notorious racist 1968 speech by UK politician |
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Person who claimed Paul conspiracy
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Russel Gibb in Detroit
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Winner of the Paul lookalike contest
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Bill Campbell (Canadian)
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Features of The Beatles
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Knowledge of styles
Melodic skill Sound Imagination |
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Members of the Rolling Stones
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Mick Jagger, Keith Richards, Brian Jones (1942-69), Bill Wyman, Charlie Watts, Ian Stewart (1983-85)
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Origin of the name Rolling Stones
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Muddy Waters song
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Bob Dylan's real name
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Robert Zimmerman
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Reluctantly called "Voice of a Generation"
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Bob Dylan
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He told a reporter "I get paid by the word"
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Bob Dylan (he had utter contempt for journalists)
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Bob Dylan was born in this city
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Minnesota
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Dylan moved here, an escape from mainstream pressure to conform, in 1961, where there was a burgeoning folk music scene
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Greenwich Village (NY)
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Huge influence on Bob Dylan
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Woody Guthrie
- hillbilly (okie) - Dylan read his biography, visited him on his deathbed - witnessed how working class had to entirely change their lives and live in poverty during the Depression also influenced by Pete Seeger (Seeger and Guthrie became the Weavers) |
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"Hammond's Folly"
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John Hammond from CBS gets Dylan to record a cover album in 1961
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This Dylan cover became a symbol for the civil rights movement
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Peter, Paul, and Mary "Blowing in the Wind"
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Dylan Songs
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"Tambourine Man" (Covered by The Byrds)
"Blowing in the Wind" (Covered by Peter, Paul, and Mary) "Subterranean Homesick Blues" |
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(T/F) During Beatlemania in the US, the Beatles were criticized by serious musicians.
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F - they were accepted by fans and serious musicians alike
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The Byrds
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Folk musicians who turned to rock
Covered Dylan's "Mr. Tambourine Man" |
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This person introduced the Beatles to Marijuana
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Bob Dylan
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"New Journalism"
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AKA Gonzo journalism
Developed mid to late- 60's |
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Dylan's European Tour
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1964
- met the Beatles, introduced them to marijuana - Hears The Animals cover House of the Rising Sun (originally Guthrie, Dylan's main influence) - considered giving up music while in England |
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1965: Newport Festival
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Dylan plays "Maggie's Farm" with electric guitar, gets booed offstage
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Folk/Rock genre bands
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The Turtles, The Byrds covered Bob Dylan
Sonny & Cher "Politically Sensitive rock stars" |
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Dylan hires this Canadian band for his world tour, and is booed around the world
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The Hawks
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1960's Counterculture started in this US city
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San Francisco
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The Gavin Report
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1966 list of "good" and "bad" songs - the ones that contained references to drugs
Included The Byrds "8 Mile High" and Dylan "Rainy Day Women" |
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This band was associated with Ken Kesey's "Acid Tests" and LSD experimentation
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The Grateful Dead (incl. Jerry Garcia)
- improvising group - sense of community fostered by acid trips |
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(T/F) 1960s also involved a blues revival, especially in the UK
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T
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(T/F) Janis Joplin had more freedom in LA, where they used the Blues structure
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F. San Fran had more freedom because LA used he blues structure
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Group joined by Janis Joplin when she moved to San Francisco
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Big Brother (and the Holding Company)
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1966 Beatles album influenced by world music, like Ravi Shankar
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Revolver
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Scott Mackenzie
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said "wear flowers in your hair"
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This festival, held in San Francisco in 1967, made major labels take notice of bands like Big Brother and Jeffersen Airplane
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The Human Be-In
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"White Rabbit"
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Jeffersen Airplane - attack against parent culture against drugs they condone all along
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Summer of Love festival based on mutual participation, featuring premiere of Jimi Hendrix and The Who.
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Monterey Pop Festival
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Janis Joplin's career was started at this festival
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Monterey Pop Festival
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This festival represented the end of the 60s and tragedy
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Altamont (Rolling Stones) outside of San Francisco, had Hell's Angels as security and killed one of the spectators
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Canada's Centennial, World Expo
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1967
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Year the Maple Leaf was chosen
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1965
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Year Trudeau was elected
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1968
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Year CRTC was created
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1968
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Creator of the Juno Awards
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Stan Cleese
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MAPL stands for this
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Music
Artist Production Lyrics |
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First #1 Billboard single from Canada
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"American Woman" (The Guess Who)
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Difference between American and Canadian folk protest
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Confrontational vs. retreating
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Canadian Folk Artists
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Bruce Cockburn
Gordon Lightfoot Neil Young Joni Mitchell |
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Joni Mitchell
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- moved to Detroit in 1965
- released Blue in 1971 - perfected the Art Song (19th C German romantic music) - "Big Yellow Taxi" |
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These 70s artists used the studio as an instrument itself with overdubbing
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Phil Spector, Frank Zappa, The Beatles
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1970s music does this
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- Retreat from political movements
- Elucidates paradox between art and commerce - Industry learns to trust grassroots |
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1970s, music industry was making this much money
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~28 Million, as much as pro sports and film industry combined
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1970 Mega mergers turned towards vertical integration, and these two companies control __% of manufactured music
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CBS and Warner
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These technologies enabled Prog Rock
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Overdubbing (artist could record a whole album solo)
Laser light shows |
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Rolling Stone Magazine's first cover
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John Lennon in army gear
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Creator of Rolling Stone - stole the idea and the mailing list from Straight Arrow
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Jann Wenner
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Elements of Prog Rock
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Mimicking things
Labouring over every detail of the album until perfect Musicians are visionaries of their work "auteurs" Artists gain more respect Beyond the need for money (get a pile of money and triumph over it) |
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This band emerged during 1960s British counter-culture psychodelia
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Pink Floyd
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Pink Floyd's two phases
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1: '65 - '68: fronted by Syd Barrett - acid case - psychedelic experimentation
2: psychedelic minimalism e.g. Dark Side of the Moon |
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Dark Side of the Moon
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12 years on top 200 charts - world record
Social commentary, subtle criticism Existential themes, alienation Concept album |
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Concept albums
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Sgt. Pepper
Dark Side of the Moon |
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Pink Floyd
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First group to use laser light shows
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This event represented the tumultuous time for blacks in the 60s
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Newark Riot
- Black Power comes into play |
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These two record companies were Southern Soul
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Atlantic and Stax Volt
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Stax Volt
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- Organizer: Al Bell
- Emergence of Southern Soul (Motown artists weren't able to fully express themselves) - Independent and disorganized - Hired people despite their colour - Market to R&B market |
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This record company in the 70s was unlike Motown in that it had spontaneous, emotional, driven music as opposed to clean and polished.
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Stax Volt (Memphis, Tennessee)
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Stax Volt artists
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Aretha Franklin
James Brown |
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Aretha Franklin
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Nicknamed "Lady Soul"
Fused gospel with R&B Columbia contained her - sold as TPA smooth jazz singer Signed to Atlantic in 1966 "I Say a Little Prayer for You" |
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This 70s singer secularized gospel
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Aretha Franklin
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James Brown
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- Godfather of Soul
- "Papa Got a Brand New Bag" - Based on rhythm and groove instead of stories and structure |
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This 70s artist turned instruments into rhythmic components of sound
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James Brown
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In 1968, this artist turned to Civil rights themes and helped quell riots
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James Brown
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Organizer of Stax Volt
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Al Bell
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(T/F) In the 60s, black artists had a hard time making the transition from entertainment to serious art
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T - Atlantic gave up and signed UK art rock groups, Stsx Volt nearly went bankrupt
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(T/F) More singles were black in 1971 than 1972
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F - 1972: 44%, 1971: 24% (Blaxploitation movies)
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Blaxploitation movies
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e.g. Shaft
Often West Coast Funk (Sly and the Family Stone influence) |
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Marvin Gaye
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- Conceptual artist - "What's Going On"
- Wants to get away from Motown model |
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These two artists addressed the strong realities of ghetto life and were early R&B conceptual artists
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Marvin Gaye and Stevie Wonder
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This early R&B conceptual artist expressed positive solutions to modern problems
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Stevie Wonder
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Stevie Wonder albums
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Music of My Mind
Talking Book Innervisions - contained "Too High", "Visions", "Living for the City" |
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Stevie wonder's big start
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Opening for Rolling Stones in 1972
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This slogan came from 2nd wave feminist movement
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"The personal is political"
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This genre was an alternative to "hyper-masculine" rock
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Soft rock (singer/songwriters)
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This Joni Mitchell song was inspired by Henderson the Rain King (Paul Bellows)
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"Both Sides Now"
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Charles Mingus
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Joni Mitchell collaborated with him, but it was not released before he died.
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(T/F) Joni Mitchell also experimented in Jazz
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T
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Lyrics in soft rock moved from _____ to _____ to _____
(choose from intimate, abstract, concrete) |
concrete - intimate - abstract
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(T/F) Soft rock was "self-absorbed"
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T
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This 70s artist suffered from a heroin addiction, and spent time in a mental institution
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James Taylor
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"Fire and Rain"
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James Taylor
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James Taylor's failed band
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"Flying Machine"
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James Taylor had failed relationships with these two notable female artists
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Joni Mitchell and Carly Simon
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"You're so Vain"
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Carly Simon
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Singer/Songwriters
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Joni Mitchell "Both Sides Now", "Big Yellow Taxi"
James Taylor "Fire and Rain" Carly Simon "You're so Vain" Paul Simon Linda Ronstadt "My Funny Valentine" Carole King "You've got a Friend" Tom Waits "I Hope that I don't Fall in Love with You" |
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This Carole King album was the best selling album of all time (1971)
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Tapestry
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Carole King also wrote these hits for other artists
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"Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow" (The Shirelles)
"Natural Woman" (Aretha Franklin) "You've Got a Friend" (James Taylor) |
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Tom Wait's breakout album
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Closing Time
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(T/F) Soft rock was hailed as progressive, and allowed women to enter the mainstream as artists in their own right.
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F - wasn't progressive, no revolution. But it did allow women to be artists in their own right.
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Women's rock bands
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Joy of Cooking "Closer to the Ground"
Fanny (incly. Joan Millington; most successful of these groups) The Runaways (incl. Joan Jett) "Cherry Bomb" |
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All-girl rock band led by Joan Millington
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Fanny
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First female rock band to be considered legitimate in male-dominated soundscape
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Fanny
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Hard rock (early heavy metal) artists
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Jimi Hendrix
Black Sabbath |
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The term "Heavy Metal" was coined in reference to this artist
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Jimi Hendrix
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This heavy metal band was part of a middle-class counterculture movement
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Black Sabbath
- from Birmingham - white working-class music for white working-class audience until it took over the world! |
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First heaby metal album
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Black Sabbath (1970)
although some argue Led Zeppelin in 1969 |
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This band got their name from a Boris Karloff movie
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Black Sabbath
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This style of music was like blues without the backbeat
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Heavy Metal
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This style of music was counter-cultural rock
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Heavy Metal
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This artist caused the death of a chicken during one of his concerts
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Alice Cooper
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"evidence" that Heavy Metal is "satanic"
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Blue Oyster Cult's "Don't Fear the Reaper"
Led Zeppelin's panpipes and runes AC/DC - Anti-Christian Devil's Children |
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This artist challenged the machismo face of rock in the 1970s
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David Bowie (Ziggy Stardust)
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This artist made androgyny artistic
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David Bowie
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David Bowie's breakthrough album
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The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars (1972)
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David Bowie got the name of his alter ego from...
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Ziggy's Tailors in London and The Legendary Stardust Cowboy (Norman Carl Odum)
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David Bowie - Ziggy Stardust
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- Gay rights movement
- Theatricality - Blurs identity boundaries - Art rock / Elitist rock |
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1960s ended in these notable deaths
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Jimi Hendrix, Jim Morrison, Janis Joplin (1970) and others
Beatles broke up |
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The Rolling Stones were at the height of their success in this portion of this decade
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early 1970s
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This genre was a "return to raw" for angry, frustrated youth
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Punk in the mid-1970s
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Punk influences (bands)
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The Ramones, Patti Smith, Sex Pistols, The Clash
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This group started punk with 2 minute songs at CBGBs
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The Ramones (1974)
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Punk was analogous to _____, wherein everyone in the genre had their own style
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Rockabilly
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The Sex Pistols had something to do with a shirt that said this.
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"I Hate Pink Floyd"
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This fetish shop, owned by this man, discovered the Sex Pistols
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Sex, owned by Malcolm McLaren
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This American band was the inspiration for the Sex Pistols to become more than just a cover band
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Television (from NY)
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"Blank Generation"
"Pretty Vacant" |
Sex Pistols songs
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This Sex Pistols song took the bass line from an ABBA song, and was their "manifesto of punk"
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"Pretty Vacant"
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Patti Smith
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- NY
- performance poetry with 3-chord rock style |
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This artist recorded 1960s garage rock hit "Gloria"
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Patti Smith
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(T/F) NY punk was raw, whereas London punk was bohemian
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F (other way around)
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Patti Smith's "Horses"
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- new sex image (androgynous)
- recorded at Electric Lady - massive acceptance in UK EXCEPT by Sex Pistols |
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Sex Pistols played at this club in the 70s
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100 Club
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Johnny Rotten fronted this band
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Sex Pistols
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The Sex Pistols' last show
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San Francisco, 1978
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This band took punk to a political level
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The Clash
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Sex Pistols, 1977
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God Save the Queen
Sid Vicious joins band US tour fails |
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This band influenced Joe Strummer
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Sex Pistols
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