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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
900-1400 |
Middle Ages |
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1400-1600 |
Renaissance |
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1600-1750 |
Baroque |
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1750-1800 |
Classical |
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1820-1900 |
Romantic |
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1900-2000 |
20th Century |
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Active Listening (Affect and Means) |
Affect: Describes mood, how does it make you feel? Means: Identify musical elements, How are elements used? |
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Duration |
Distance in time |
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Beat |
Equal distance in time (basic unit to measure time) Regular occurrence of distance in duration |
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Rhythm |
Combination of long and short durations |
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Accent |
A stressed beat |
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Meter |
A recurring pattern of strong and weak beats |
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Measure |
Strong beat followed by a set of weak beats |
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Tempo |
Time in music (speed or rate that beats follow) |
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Tempo Time |
In music (speed or rate that beats follow) |
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Simple Time |
Each beat within the measure can be subdivided into multiples of 2 |
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Compound Time |
Each beat within the measure is subdivided into multiples of 3 |
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Syncopation |
A displacement accent against a regular pattern of strong and weak beats |
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Order of Tempos from Fast to Slow |
Prestissimo, Presto, Allegro, Allegretto, Moderato, Andante, Adagio, Largo
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Frequency |
Rate that a wave of particles travel through space measured in cycles per second |
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Humans can hear what frequency of CPS |
20 to 20,000 CPS |
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Pitch |
The low or high level of a sound |
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Amplitude |
Level of strength of a vibration Amount of energy carried within a vibration Measured in decibels (DB) |
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Dynamics |
We perceive amplitude as the loudness or softness of sound |
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Dynamics from Soft to Loud |
Pianissimo, Piano, Mezzopiano, Mezzoforte, Forte, Fortissimo |
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Definite Pitch |
A fixed pitch (can hear it and sing it back) |
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Indefinite Pitch |
Cannot quite put a finger on whether it is a low or high pitch |
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Overtone |
Helps determine unique tone colour |
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Partials (Overtones) |
The higher pitches produced by fractions of a vibrating body Not clearly audible |
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Fundamental |
The lowest pitch produced by the full length of a vibrating body TH most audible sound |
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Father of the diatonic scale |
Pythagoras |
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String Family |
Violin Viola Cello Bass |
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Woodwind Family |
Clarinet Flute Obo Bassoon Saxophone |
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Brass Family |
Trumpet French Horn Trombone Tuba |
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Percussion Family |
Timpani Xylophone Tubular Bells Cymbals |
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Interval |
The distance between ptiches |
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Scales |
A collection of pitches within the octave from low to high |
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Half-step |
Semi tone |
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Full-step |
Wholetone |
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DO RE MI FA SO LA TI DO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (half steps are where? |
Half steps between 3 and 4 and between 7 and 8 |
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Chromatic Scale |
Only half steps |
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Wholetone Scale |
Only full steps
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Characteristics of Melody (7) |
Coherent series of pitches
Contour Climax Cadence Phrase Motive Sequence |
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Contour |
Linear shape (unique shape) |
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Climax |
Most intense part of interest |
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Cadence |
A bit of rest |
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Phrase |
Segment of a melody that arrives at a cadence |
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Motive |
The smallest idea that can be identified |
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Sequence |
Motive and idea in repetition at different pitches |
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Elision |
One phrase ends and at the same point another begins |
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Theme |
Main idea in a piece of music Reoccurring throughout a piece Could be a melody or phrase or motive |
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DO RE MI FA SO LA TI DO A B C |
A: Tonic (bottom note)-most stable B: Dominant- second most stable C: Leading tone-least stable |
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Harmony |
Many pitches sounding together (horizontal aspect) |
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Chord Progression |
Set of chords put together |
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Cosonance |
Chords that blend nice together |
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Dissonance |
Chords that don't blend well together |
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Tonality |
Music in which the pitches are organized around a central pitch |
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Atonal |
No tonality |
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Tonal |
Music that has a tonal center |
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DO RE MI FA SO LA TI DO A B |
A: MAJOR B: MINOR |
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Key |
Set of specific fixed pitches |
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Modulation |
To move from one tonal centre to a new tonal centre |
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Texture |
The coming together of melodies and harmonies |
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Monophonic |
One sound, one pitch, after another |
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Homophonic |
Blended (one after another after another different sounds) COPY CAT |
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Polyphonic Imitative |
Independent melodic lines of similar design |
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Polyphonic Non-Imitative |
Independent melodic lines of separate design |
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Form (4 Parts) |
Statement (A) Restatement (A) Contrast (B) Variation (A1) |
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Distance Listening |
Listener threads together past events to build a complete over view |
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Form |
The shape of a musical work through time |
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Outer form |
Overall shape of music |
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Inner Form |
Style of the music |
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AAA |
Strophic form |
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AABA |
Song Form |
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ABACA |
Rondo Form |
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AA1A2A3 |
Theme and Variaton |
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Style |
Inner form (all of the above elements) |
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Genre |
A kind of music determined by performing forces, text, function |
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Inner form examples |
Tone colour, texture, mode, phrase |