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79 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

900-1400

Middle Ages

1400-1600

Renaissance

1600-1750

Baroque

1750-1800

Classical

1820-1900

Romantic

1900-2000

20th Century

Active Listening (Affect and Means)

Affect: Describes mood, how does it make you feel?




Means: Identify musical elements, How are elements used?

Duration

Distance in time



Beat

Equal distance in time (basic unit to measure time)




Regular occurrence of distance in duration

Rhythm

Combination of long and short durations

Accent

A stressed beat

Meter

A recurring pattern of strong and weak beats

Measure

Strong beat followed by a set of weak beats

Tempo

Time in music (speed or rate that beats follow)

Tempo Time

In music (speed or rate that beats follow)

Simple Time

Each beat within the measure can be subdivided into multiples of 2

Compound Time

Each beat within the measure is subdivided into multiples of 3

Syncopation

A displacement accent against a regular pattern of strong and weak beats



Order of Tempos from Fast to Slow

Prestissimo, Presto, Allegro, Allegretto, Moderato, Andante, Adagio, Largo


Frequency

Rate that a wave of particles travel through space measured in cycles per second

Humans can hear what frequency of CPS

20 to 20,000 CPS



Pitch

The low or high level of a sound



Amplitude

Level of strength of a vibration




Amount of energy carried within a vibration




Measured in decibels (DB)



Dynamics

We perceive amplitude as the loudness or softness of sound

Dynamics from Soft to Loud

Pianissimo, Piano, Mezzopiano, Mezzoforte, Forte, Fortissimo

Definite Pitch

A fixed pitch (can hear it and sing it back)

Indefinite Pitch

Cannot quite put a finger on whether it is a low or high pitch



Overtone

Helps determine unique tone colour

Partials (Overtones)

The higher pitches produced by fractions of a vibrating body




Not clearly audible



Fundamental

The lowest pitch produced by the full length of a vibrating body




TH most audible sound

Father of the diatonic scale

Pythagoras

String Family

Violin


Viola


Cello


Bass

Woodwind Family

Clarinet


Flute


Obo


Bassoon


Saxophone

Brass Family

Trumpet


French Horn


Trombone


Tuba

Percussion Family

Timpani


Xylophone


Tubular Bells


Cymbals



Interval

The distance between ptiches

Scales

A collection of pitches within the octave from low to high

Half-step

Semi tone

Full-step

Wholetone

DO RE MI FA SO LA TI DO




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8




(half steps are where?

Half steps between 3 and 4 and between 7 and 8

Chromatic Scale

Only half steps

Wholetone Scale

Only full steps


Characteristics of Melody (7)

Coherent series of pitches

Contour


Climax


Cadence


Phrase


Motive


Sequence


Contour

Linear shape (unique shape)

Climax

Most intense part of interest



Cadence

A bit of rest

Phrase

Segment of a melody that arrives at a cadence

Motive

The smallest idea that can be identified

Sequence

Motive and idea in repetition at different pitches

Elision

One phrase ends and at the same point another begins

Theme

Main idea in a piece of music




Reoccurring throughout a piece




Could be a melody or phrase or motive



DO RE MI FA SO LA TI DO




A B C

A: Tonic (bottom note)-most stable




B: Dominant- second most stable




C: Leading tone-least stable

Harmony

Many pitches sounding together (horizontal aspect)

Chord Progression

Set of chords put together



Cosonance

Chords that blend nice together

Dissonance

Chords that don't blend well together

Tonality

Music in which the pitches are organized around a central pitch

Atonal

No tonality

Tonal

Music that has a tonal center

DO RE MI FA SO LA TI DO




A B

A: MAJOR




B: MINOR

Key

Set of specific fixed pitches

Modulation

To move from one tonal centre to a new tonal centre

Texture

The coming together of melodies and harmonies

Monophonic

One sound, one pitch, after another

Homophonic

Blended (one after another after another different sounds) COPY CAT

Polyphonic Imitative

Independent melodic lines of similar design

Polyphonic Non-Imitative

Independent melodic lines of separate design

Form (4 Parts)

Statement (A)


Restatement (A)


Contrast (B)


Variation (A1)

Distance Listening

Listener threads together past events to build a complete over view

Form

The shape of a musical work through time

Outer form

Overall shape of music

Inner Form

Style of the music

AAA

Strophic form

AABA

Song Form

ABACA

Rondo Form

AA1A2A3

Theme and Variaton

Style

Inner form (all of the above elements)

Genre

A kind of music determined by performing forces, text, function

Inner form examples

Tone colour, texture, mode, phrase