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32 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
andante
walking or moderate tempo
tone quality
Is the color and texture of what we hear in a sound
When singing two notes from low to high with a large interval which note is more important
The lower note
voice box proper name
larynx
The three things the larynx does
1. keep food and other foreign matter from entering the lungs through the trachea by closing the epiglottis
2. retain the inhaled air to provide back pressure (torque), known as thoracic fixation, for such activities as lifting heavy objects, giving birth, or defecating
3. produce vocal tone
How many bones does the larynx have
one, the hyoid bone
Notch that can be felt in front of neck
thyroid notch
vocal cord - accurate term
vocal folds because they are made up of layers of tissue
The three types of sustained phonation
1. Aspirate (lax) phonation
2. Pressed (tense) phonation
3. Coordinated (balanced) phonation
Aspirate phonation
Lax phonation - hypofunctional (low energy), variable airflow along with weak adductory force of the vocal folds results in a "breathy voice" characterized by noisy airflow and flutelike tone quality
Pressed phonation
1. tense
2. hyperfunctional (high energy)
3. high subglottal breath pressure combined with strong adductory force of vocal folds
4. "tight voice"
5. stressful-sounding tone production results in "crackling"
Vocal folds closed by
musculature around the larynx
Three types of vocal onset
1. Aspirate (soft) onset
2. Glottal (hard) onset
3. Coordinated (balanced) onset
Glottal onset
1. hard
2. created when breath pressure builds up below strongly adducted vocal folds and explodes them apart upon initiating sound
Aspirate onset
1. soft
2. results when using an "h" to initiate a tone
3. can relax larynx and encourage an easier vocal production
Coordinated onset
1. balanced
2. ideal combination of airflow and vocal-fold adduction
Three types of vocal release
1. Aspirate (soft) release
2. Glottal (hard) release
3. Coordinated (balanced) release
Aspirate release
1. soft
2. vocal folds do not close completely
3. breathy tone quality
Glottal release
1. hard
2. "terminal grunt"
Coordinated release
1. balanced
2. same consistent tone quality sustained throughout phrase
Characteristics of Efficient Vocal Tone
1. A unique vocal quality that seems natural to the person producing it; artificiality or unnatural tendencies are usually sensed by the listener
2. Freedom from observable extrinsic and intrinsic muscular strain and tensions in the face, neck, lims, and torso
3. Tonal clarity and accuracy; out-of-tune singing is one of the best indications that something is not right
5. A self-starting and self-stopping elasticity, with the ability to sing varying dynamic levels on a sustained tone
6. Ample volume level with a ringing, forward-in-the-mask focus, particularly when increasing airflow for louder dynamic levels
7. A timbre best described as having both bright and dark tonal characteristics (chiaroscuro); that is, brilliance and ring plus warmth and richness
8. Flexibility and agility in slow-fast movements, in soft-loud dynamics, and in low-high range
9. A vibrato pattern of 6 to 8 pulses per second
phonation
1. laryngeal vocal-fold vibration
2. result of complex interactions of the vocal fold's muscular and elastic properties working in combination with airflow to produce tone
3. production of tone
decrescendo into a rest and crescendo out of a rest to take a breath
feminine cadence
larynx
a cartilaginous framework situated at the top of the trachea, serves as a housig for the vocal folds.
a cartilaginous framework situated at the top of the trachea, serves as a housig for the vocal folds.
larynx
ossify
with increasing age where the cartilage become more bonelike
with increasing age where the cartilage become more bonelike
ossify
production of tone
phonation
onset
the beginning of tone
Initiation of vocal-fold vibration in response to airflow
resonance
spontaneous amplification, reinforcement, or prolongation of vibration when another vibration of the sme frequency is applied to it
interval
1. distance between two notes
2. count all the notes involved
feminine cadence
decrescendo into a rest and crescendo out of a rest to take a breath. weak or gentle cadence