Mushroom Exam 2 Study Questions

Front 1

Rust Fungi cannot grow in Plants Unless They are in this relationship

Back 1

Obligate Parasite

Front 2

3 Feature of Potato Culture

Back 2

- Genetic Uniformity (MonoCulture)
- Cull Piles
- Peasant Dependence on Crop

Front 3

Why Barberry Eradication Is so important to wheat rust eradication

Back 3

- Barberry is the plant on which the wheat rust is able to sexually reproduce

Front 4

4 Pieces o the Disease Pyramid

Back 4

1) Versatility
2) Susceptible Host
3) Climate
4) Time/Government Intervention

Front 5

Example of Plant Pathogen

1) With swimming spores
2) trasmitted by wind

Back 5

1) Potato Bight. P. Infestans - Any Phytphothora
2) Rusts, Powdery Mildew, Corn Smut

Front 6

Alcohol Formation Formula

Back 6

1) Yeast + Water + Sugar = Ethyl Alcohol + C02

- Must be an anerobic situation - no oxygen externally

Front 7

Why Does Wine only have 14% Alcohol

Back 7

Yeast Dies

Front 8

Differences Between Beer and Wine Production

Back 8

1) Sugar (malt)
2) Sterlilization
3) hopps are added

Front 9

Resveratol

Back 9

Chemical in wine that is purportedly lowers blood cholesterol

Front 10

What do you add to wine to kills unwanted microbes

Back 10

Sulfur Dioxcide (sodium bisulfate)

Front 11

3 Men Who Discovered Penicillan

Back 11

1) Alexander Flemming
2) Ersnst Chain
3) Howard Flowery

Front 12

3 Important Pharmaceutical Compunds Produced by Mold

Back 12

1) Cyclosporin - suprresed immune system before organ transplant

2) Locastatin (statins): Reduces Choloesterol

3) Griscofulvin: Manages human fungal diseases

4) Paclitexol: Reduces Tumors (found on the barks of trees)

Front 13

Why Flemmings Contributions to Penicillan Overblown:

Back 13

- Limited to observation of accidental lab
- Only observed fungus in petri dish not in blood sample

Front 14

Reason Behind Resistant Strains of Penicillin

Back 14

1) Widespread use in farm animals
2) Over-Presicription
3) Not finishing full doses

Front 15

Symptoms of Ergot Poising

Back 15

1) Halluncinations, Death of Extremeties/gangrene, Convulsions

Front 16

Greek town where treated with hallucinogenic ergot decoctic

Back 16

Eleusis

Front 17

Who discovered LSD and When

Back 17

Albert Hoffman - 1943 (1938)

Front 18

Practices to keep ergots out of food

Back 18

1) Fall plowing - keeps scletorium buried
2) Inspection
3) Crop Rotation

Front 19

Why is Ringworm named that way

Back 19

Its appearance is wormlike

Front 20

This Mycosis is of special concern to the Southwest

Back 20

Coccidiodiomycosis - cough - affects elderly

Front 21

3 Reasons why death by fungal disease is increasing

Back 21

- live longer but weaker immune system
- better diagnostics
-increased international travel
- HIV/AID incidence

Front 22

This conditin predisposes peopel to mycosis

Back 22

Supressed/weakened immune system

Front 23

Common disease caused by fungus that is abundant and caused by changes in body chemistry

Back 23

1) Yeast Infection
2) Candidans
3) Thrush

Front 24

Yeast primiry respod asexuall throught this simple way

Back 24

Budding

Front 25

Addics of yeast could have this problems

Back 25

Acidosis - to much toxic acid in digestive tract - caused by RNA and DNA

Front 26

Kombucha

Back 26

Symbiotic yeast relation that has healing powers

Front 27

Yeast Based Product that contains cholesteral lowering drug

Back 27

red yeast rice (includes statins)

Front 28

3 foods "molded" from soybeans

Back 28

soy saunce, miso, tempach, sake

Front 29

Common name of Botyritos Cinera

Back 29

Noble Rot - used in expensive wine

Front 30

Difference in normal yeast and yeast in petri dish

Back 30

slimy - no mycellium

Front 31

Two Kinds of cheese made with mold

Back 31

Bleu Cheese, and Brie Commebert

Front 32

Sake is made with what cereal grain

Back 32

Rice

Front 33

Fungus causes this trea disease produces an aromatic mycelium mat

Back 33

Oak Wilt

Front 34

Fungus causes plant disease most visible on hose as a mass of white mycellium and spores

Back 34

Powedery Mildew

Front 35

Symptom of bark disease in which little/no denfese utilized

Back 35

canker - (target vs non-target) - in target the tree survives

Front 36

Major Crops lost to infection

Back 36

wheat, rice, corn, soybean

Front 37

Why was Potato not adopted so quickly

Back 37

Doctrine of Signature - flatulence, not in bible, meant for poor people

Front 38

Why Adopted in Ireland

Back 38

1) Can be planted underground
2) Storable
3) Contained Starch

Front 39

Anton Debary

Back 39

Named Irish Corn Blight (P. Infestans) Phythptora

Front 40

Contributing Factors of Irish Plight

Back 40

- cull piles
-temperateure lukewarm (swimming spores)
-reliance on potatoes
- genetic uniforminty
British ignored the problem

Front 41

Is Phyptophera is fungus

Back 41

No,
1) Two Tailed Sprm
2) Cellulose as Cell Wall
3) Different DNA sequence

Front 42

Helminothosporium Orgzae

Back 42

Caused the Bengali Famine

Front 43

Similarities between Bengali Famile and Irish Potato Blight

Back 43

- extended monsoon
- cold termperatures
- lack of variantion
-reliance on rice
-lack of govenrment intervention

Front 44

3 Parts of Classic Disease Triangle

Back 44

1) Pathogen Versatility
2) Susceptible Host
3) Favorable Weather Conditions

Front 45

Types of Versaility

Back 45

1) Pathogen has enzymes to digest the host
2) Pathogen is abundance of sporulate
3) Pathogen can produce assexually or sexually
4) Pathogen can tolerate extreme weather
5) Pathogen can survive without hose

Front 46

Classic Disease Pyramid add?

Back 46

Time/Government

Front 47

What genus are rusts in

Back 47

Puccina

Front 48

Why do rust spores survivice

Back 48

Thick Cells walls that protect them from UV and dissection

Front 49

uG99

Back 49

Uganda strain of wheat rust that is able to overcome all resistance strains - recently spread to the Middle East

Front 50

Discula Destructiora - Dogwood Anthracinose

Back 50

- Affected Dogwood Treest - treated by cross-breading

Front 51

Tar Spots

Back 51

Spores on maple trees, that are shot onto leaves during spring - gelatinous cover to make sure they stick

- one wave per year -

Front 52

Tar Sports Continuity

Back 52

Less likely have a wave year
1) Less spores dispersed
2) LEaves likely to covered dead leaves on ground

Front 53

Oak Wilt Disease

Back 53

- spores go into open wholes, grow where water conducts are, eventualy block water to the tree - leaves a oderous mycellium matt at bottom of tree- caused by C. Fagacearum

Front 54

C. Fagacearum

Back 54

Oak Wilt Diseas Fungi

Front 55

Dutch Elm Disease

Back 55

occured on Cornell's Campus

Front 56

Exserrohilin

Back 56

Fungi that infected steroid back medice

- opportunistic- affects those with weak immune systems

- resulted in fungal menigitis

Front 57

Conditions for Fungi as Human Pathogens

Back 57

1) Can grow in our body temp
2) Easily enter human body
3) Ability to fight or sneak around immunge system
4) Ability to eat some part of human body

Front 58

Coccidiodymycosis Disease
(c. Immitis)

Back 58

in the southwest in dry areas- spread by sand - affects the lugs - .5% of people who breathe spores are killed - increased since 1990's

Front 59

Three types of Fungi on Human Body

Back 59

1) Athlete's Foot
2) Ringworm
3) Toenail fungi

Front 60

2 Types of Anti-Fungal Drugs

Back 60

Amphotericium B
Azole Drugs

Front 61

White Noise Syndrome

Back 61

Affects animals - kills bats - possibly killed dinosaurs