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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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6 parts of skeletal system
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skull
spinal column thorax pelvis lower extremities upper extremities |
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function of musculoskeletal system
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give body shape
protect internal organs provide for movement store salts and other material needed for metabolism to produce red blood cells necessary for oxygen transport |
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tendons connect
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muscle to bone
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ligaments
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connect bone to bone
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3 types of muscles
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voluntary
cardiac involuntary |
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open fracture is when
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any time there is a break in the continuity of a bone and a break in the skin
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closed fracture
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break in the continuity of a bone NO break in the skin
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sign is
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sign is blood pressure something we can see as EMT
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symptom is
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something like a headache what the patient tells you.
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open fracture is additionally complicated by
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the introduction of bacteria and other contaminants that may lead to infection
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signs and symptoms of a fracture
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pain
tenderness deformity discoloration parasthesia distal to the fracture site anesthesia distal to the fracture site Paresis paralysis inability to move the extremity decreased pulse amplitude, increased capillary refill time, pale cool skin |
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Parasthesia
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tingling or abnormal sensation
may indicate nerve damage |
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anesthesia
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loss of feeling
may indicate nerve damage |
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paresis
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weakness
may indicate nerve damage |
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paralysis
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loss of muscle control
may indicate nerve damage |
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hairline fracture
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small crack in bone
no instability |
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pathologic fracture
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disease
degeneration and dramatically weakens bone prone to fracture |
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osteoporosis
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degenerative bone disorder associated
accelerated loss of minerals primarily calcium from the bone usually women after menopause |
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osteoporosis
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degenerative bone disorder associated
accelerated loss of minerals primarily calcium from the bone usually women after menopause |
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stain
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injury to muscle or muscle and tendon
overextention overstretching NO edema or discoloration |
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Sprain
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injury to a joint capsule, connective tissue, usually in ligaments
inflamed and swollen discoloration |
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Dislocation
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usually swelling
unable to move damage to blood vessels |
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general injury considerations
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important to determine the mechanism of injury as well as signs and symptoms of the injury itself
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direct impact
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at the point of impact
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indirect force
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force impacts on one end of a limb causing injury some distance away from point of impact
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critical fractures
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femur and pelvis
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femur and pelvis fracture
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serious bleeding
immobilize close proximity to large vessels |
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Femur fracture
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1500mL or 1.5L of blood loss
splinting reduces pain and amount of blood. |
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Traction splint accomplishes two goals
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bone ends realigned preventing further injury reduce pain
the size and diameter of thigh decreased less blood loss pressure on bleeding bone ends |
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pelvis fracture
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large amount of bleeding, 2 L
pneumatic shock garment stabilize fracture and reduce size of compartment into which the pelvis can bleed |
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distracting injuries
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fractured extremities may distract the pt from complaining of other more significant pain such as abdominal or spinal pain.
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six P's
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Pain
Pallor Paralysis Paresthesia Pressure Pulses |
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after splinting evaluate signs of CMSTP every?
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15 min
page 991 |
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forearm is fractured, immobilize the...
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wrist and elbow
immobilize the joints above and below a long bone injury |
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if the elbow is injured, immobilize the...
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the humerus of the upper arm and the radius and the ulna of the forearm.
immobilize the bones above and below the joint injury. |
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remove all _____ around the injury site, especially distally.
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jewelry
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make how many attempts to align an extremity?
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one attempt.
if pain resistance or crepitus increase STOP |
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8 types of splints
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rigid
pressure splint traction formable vacuum sling and swathe spine board improvised splints |
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Do NOT traction splint if... (5)
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injury is within 1-2 inches of the knee or ankle
the knee itself has been injured the hip has been injured the pelvis has been injured partial amputation or avulsion with long bone separation, and the distal limb is connected only by marginal tissue |
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compartment syndrome
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tissue pressure in a confined space causing decreased blood flow leading to hypoxia and possible muscle nerve and vessel impairment
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