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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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when performing a visual exam for ALD...
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stand perpendicular to the frontal plane of the limb of interest
carpus and toe should point in the same direction |
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Periarticular laxity
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soft tissues around joint are too elastic
radiographs are normal ---you should be able to manipulate the leg and straighten out the deformity as well as have the NORMAL radiographs |
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incomplete ossification
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able to manually correct but ABNORMAL radiographs
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assymetric physeal growth
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NOT able to manually correct and ABNORMAL radiographs
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remodeling cytokines (catabolism)
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interleukin--1
TNF-alpha matrix metalloproteinases aggracanases prostaglandin E2 |
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Interleukin -1 (IL-1)
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the major bad guy
pro-inflammatory inhibits chondrocyte ability to repair damaged ECM stimulates osteoblasts (osteophyte formation) |
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Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)
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increases synovial inflammation
ECM degradation --> cartilage erosion responsible for pain -- clinical signs |
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anti-inflammatory cytokines (regulatory)
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IL-4
IL-6 IL-10 IL-13 stimulate TIMP synthesis promote IRAP synthesis Inhibit IL-1 synthesis |
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DMOADs
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disease modifying osteoarthritic drugs
drugs that alter what the disease is doing try to alter chemicals in cartilage improve histology of synovium decrease osteophyte formation |
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SMOADs
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symptom modifying osteoarthritic drugs
make symptoms better. decrease effusion, but no chemical things we can measure to explain the change in symptoms |
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Modified Mankin Score
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scoring system for osteoarthritic cartilage (score 14 diff things)
-histologic structure -cellular abnormalities -matrix staining higher score = more OA |
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Most common cause of lameness
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subsolar abscess (superficial infection of the corium of the sole)
-lameness results from inflammation and pressure of closed cavity infection |
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subsolar abscess etiology
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migration of dirt/bacteria up the white line
superficial puncture wounds horseshoe nails |
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______________ will be increased or bounding in the _____________ limb with subsolar abscesses
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pulse will be increased or bounding in the affected limb
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navicular disease
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characterized by pain in the palmar portion of the foot
horses of various breeds and uses affected many become sufficiently lame that they are no longer useful |
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navicular disease (classic form) pathogenesis
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chronic progressive degenerative condition which effects one or more of: the navicular bone, navicular bursa, apposing surface of the DDF tendon, navicular ligaments
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inferior confirmation examples causing navicular disease
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upright pasterns
broken back hoof-pastern axes underrun heels small feet/body size |
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treatment of navicular disease success or failure depends on...
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when treatment is initiated (stage of pathology)
the horse's conformation the expectations for the horse |
