Musculoskeletal System

Front 1

Ossification

Back 1

The formation of bone from fibrous tissue

Front 2

Cortical bone

Back 2

Hard, dense, strong bone that forms the outer layer of bones

Front 3

Cancellous (spongy) bone

Back 3

Lighter, less strong bone found in the ends and inner portions of long bone.

Front 4

Pneumatic bones

Back 4

Contain air spaces called sinuses that are in contact with the atmosphere

Front 5

Short bones

Back 5

Cube shaped, located in complex joints (carpus and tarsus)

Front 6

Flat bone

Back 6

Plate bone, protect vital organs, longer and wider than they are thick (scapula, rib, skull)

Front 7

Irregular bones

Back 7

Complex shaped, protection and support of CNS (central nervous system) (vertebrae)

Front 8

Sesamoid

Back 8

Small, seed shaped bone (patella)

Front 9

Long bones

Back 9

Bone is longer than it is wide, support columns (femur, tibia, humorous)

Front 10

Cartilage

Back 10

A form of connective tissue that is more elastic than bone

Front 11

Articular cartilage

Back 11

A type of cartilage that covers the joint surfaces of bone

Front 12

Meniscus

Back 12

A curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints

Hint 12

Provides additional cushioning

Front 13

Joints

Back 13

Connections between bones (aka articulations)

Front 14

Synarthroses

Back 14

Immovable joint (skull)

Front 15

Ampiarthroses

Back 15

Slightly moveable joints (vertebrae)

Front 16

Diarthroses

Back 16

Freely moveable joints (shoulder and hip)

Front 17

Synovial

Back 17

Completely freely moveable joints (tail)

Front 18

Ligaments

Back 18

Bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect one bone to another

Front 19

Tendons

Back 19

Bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect muscle to bone

Front 20

Axial skeleton

Back 20

Protects major organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems

Front 21

Appendicular skeleton

Back 21

Framework that consists of the extremities, shoulder, and pelvic girdle

Front 22

Cranium

Back 22

Portion of skull that encloses the brain. Many plates of bone fused together.

Front 23

Fontanel

Back 23

Soft spot on the top of the head

Front 24

Vertebral column

Back 24

Supports head and body and provides protection for the spinal cord

Front 25

Cervical vertebrae

Back 25

Region of neck.

Front 26

Atlas

Back 26

C1, first vertebrae, lets you nod yes

Front 27

Axis

Back 27

C2, second vertebrae, lets you shake your head no

Front 28

Thoracic vertebrae

Back 28

Vertebrae of the body region, always have a rib attached and spine on top

Front 29

True ribs

Back 29

Directly attach to sternum with cartilage

Front 30

False ribs

Back 30

Connect to each other with cartilage, not sternum

Front 31

Floating ribs

Back 31

Have cartilage on the tips but do not attach to anything

Front 32

Lumbar

Back 32

Lower back. Carnivores have more (gibes flexibility). Herbivores have shorter strong back to support digestive tract and reproductive organs

Front 33

Sacral vertebrae

Back 33

Vertebrae of the pelvic region. Carnivores have less for flexibility. Herbivores have more to add strength and support for back

Front 34

Coccygeal vertebrae

Back 34

Vertebrae of the tail region

Front 35

Diaphysis

Back 35

Body of a long bone

Front 36

Epiphysis

Back 36

Enlarged ends of long bones . Bone growth occurs here

Front 37

Metaphysis

Back 37

Joining point of diaphysis and epiphysis.

Front 38

Periosteum

Back 38

Thin outer protective layer of bone

Front 39

Medullary cavity

Back 39

Space within bone filled with marrow

Front 40

Endosteum

Back 40

The inner protective layer lining the medullary cavity

Front 41

Simple fracture

Back 41

Bone does not break skin

Front 42

Compound fracture

Back 42

Bone breaks through skin

Front 43

Complete fracture

Back 43

Fracture goes completely across bone

Front 44

Incomplete fracture

Back 44

Fracture does not go completely across bone

Front 45

Fissure fracture

Back 45

Incomplete break, along the line of the axis bone (top to bottom)

Front 46

Greenstick fracture

Back 46

Incomplete break on one side of a bone, usually die to a bending force

Front 47

Transverse fracture

Back 47

Break across the bone

Front 48

Comminuted fracture

Back 48

Bone shatters

Front 49

Osteoblasts

Back 49

Cells that form bones

Front 50

Osteocytes

Back 50

Primary cells of mature bones

Front 51

Osteoclasts

Back 51

Destructive cells that dissolve bone when needed.

Front 52

Endochondral ossification

Back 52

Cartilage is replaced by bone tissue (inside bone)

Front 53

Primary growth

Back 53

Occurs on diaphysis

Front 54

Secondary growth

Back 54

Occurs on epiphysis