Musculoskeletal Review 10-14

Front 1

Types of Muscular Tissue

Back 1

Skeletal

Cardiac

Smooth

Front 2

Most skeletal muscle tissue move?

Back 2

Bone

Front 3

With skeletal muscle tissue it has alternating light & dark bands when examined with a microscope?

Back 3

Striated

Front 4

Is skeletal muscle tissue voluntary or involuntary?

Back 4

Voluntary (consciously controlled)

Front 5

Cardiac muscle tissue is located where?

Back 5

Heart

Front 6

Cardiac muscle tissue has alternating light & dark bands when examined with a microscope?

Back 6

Striated

Front 7

Is cardiac muscle tissue voluntary or involuntary?

Back 7

Involuntary (not consciously controlled)

Front 8

With cardiac muscle tissue,self-excitable by "pacemaker" is called?

Back 8

Auto- Rhythmic;

Front 9

Smooth muscle tissue are located in walls of _____structures, like blood vessles, airways, and many _____?

Back 9

-Hollow

-Organs

Front 10

Are smooth muscle tissue striated or non-striated?

Back 10

Non-Striated

Front 11

Are smooth muscle tissue voluntary or involuntary?

Back 11

Involuntary

Front 12

What are the muscle tissue functions?

Back 12

– Produces Body Movements

– Stabilizes Body Positions (posture)

– Move Substances within Body (heart pumps blood)

– Generates Heat (shivering increases heat production)

Front 13

4 muscle tissue properties?

Back 13

– Contractility

– Extensibility

– Elasticity

Front 14

Ability to respond to stimuli?

Back 14

Electrical Excitability

Front 15

Ability to contract forcefully when stimulated?

Back 15

Contractility

Front 16

Ability to stretch without being damaged?

Back 16

Extensibility

Front 17

Ability to return to their original length?

Back 17

Elasticity

Front 18

What are the connective tissue components?

Back 18

– Fascia

– Tendon

– Aponeurosis

Front 19

Sheet of connective tissue that surrounds muscles?

Back 19

Fascia

Front 20

What are the 3 layers that extend from fascia?

Back 20

– Epimysium

– Perimysium

– Endomysium

Front 21

Which fascia layer is the outermost layer that encircles the entire muscle?

Back 21

Epimysium

Front 22

Which fascia layer is the middle layer and surrounds bundles (fascicles) of muscle fibers?

Back 22

Perimysium

Front 23

Which fascia layer is the innermost layer that separates individual muscle fibers?

Back 23

Endomysium

Front 24

Which connective tissue component attaches muscle to bone?

Back 24

Tendon

Front 25

Which connective tissue component is a flat sheet-like tendon?

Back 25

Aponeurosis

Front 26

Skeletal muscles are well supplied with_____&_____ _____?

Back 26

– Nerves

– Blood Vessels

Front 27

With skeletal muscle tissue, when you have a muscle contraction it requires large amounts of _____&_____?

Back 27

– ATP

– Nutrients

Front 28

With nerve and blood supply in skeletal muscle tissue each muscle fiber is in close contact with a neuron known as the_____ _____?

Back 28

Neuromuscular Junction

Front 29

With microscopic anatomy in skeletal muscle tissue, a muscle fiber (cell) is known as a?

Back 29

Myofiber

Front 30

With microscopic anatomy in skeletal muscle tissue, a myofibrillar consist of many smaller muscle fibers known as?

Back 30

Myofibrils

Front 31

With microscopic anatomy in skeletal muscle tissue, Myofibrils consist of the smallest muscle fibers known as?

Back 31

Myofilaments (thick& thin)

Front 32

With microscopic anatomy and skeletal muscle tissue these are the plasma membrane and cytoplasm of muscle cell?

Back 32

Sarcolemma & Sarcoplasm

Front 33

With microscopic anatomy in skeletal muscle tissue this stores calcium for muscle contraction?

Back 33

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Front 34

With myrofibril and myrofilaments this is functional units of striated muscle (cardiac and skeletal) alternating light and dark areas formed by patterns of myrofilaments?

Back 34

Sarcomeres

Front 35

With myrofibril and myrofilaments this separate sarcomeres and forms boundaries?

Back 35

Z Disc

Front 36

With myrofibril and myrofilaments this is the darker middle area of sarcomere and thick and thin filaments overlap?

Back 36

A Band

Front 37

With myrofibril and myrofilaments this is the lighter area that contains only thin filaments and where Z discs passed through the center?

Back 37

I Band

Front 38

With myrofibril and myrofilaments this is the center of each A band and contains only thick filaments?

Back 38

H Zone

Front 39

With contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscles, the sliding filament mechanism has myosin heads of_____filaments that attach to and pull on actin myosin binding sites of_____filaments?

Back 39

– Thick

– Thin

Front 40

With contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscles, the sliding filament mechanism is where Z discs come closer together causing_____filaments to_____over thick filaments toward center of sarcomere?

Back 40

– Thin

– Slide

Front 41

With contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscles, the sliding filament mechanism leads to_____of the entire muscle?

Back 41

Shortening

Front 42

Name the 4 parts of the thick and thin myofilaments?

Back 42

– Thick Myofilaments

– Thin Myofilaments

– Contractile Proteins

– Regulatory Proteins

Front 43

With thick and thin myofilaments this is composed of many myosin molecules?

Back 43

Thick Myofilaments

Front 44

With thick and thin myofilaments this is composed of actin, troponin, and tropomyosin?

Back 44

Thin Myofilaments

Front 45

With thick and thin myofilaments this is myosin (pulls) & actin (pulled)?

Back 45

Contractile Proteins

Front 46

With thick and thin myofilaments this is troponin in tropomyosin?

Back 46

Regulatory Proteins

Front 47

With muscular hypertrophy and atrophy, an enlargement of existing muscle fibers is where muscle growth occurs by?

Back 47

Hypertrophy

Front 48

With muscular hypertrophy and atrophy, this is a wasting away of muscles, disuse and denervation?

Back 48

Atrophy

Front 49

With muscular hypertrophy and atrophy, this is a group of inherited muscle destroying diseases?

Back 49

Muscular Dystrophy

Front 50

Muscular dystrophy is a sex linked trait and is most common in?

Back 50

Males

Front 51

The point of communication (synapse) between neurons and muscle fiber?

Back 51

Neuromuscular Junction

Front 52

With neuromuscular junction this is communication between a neuron and an effector (muscle fiber or another neuron)?

Back 52

Synapse

Front 53

With neuromuscular junction this is a gap between cells?

Back 53

Synaptic Cleft

Front 54

With neuromuscular junction this is where chemicals are released and relays the message to effector?

Back 54

Neurotransmitters

Front 55

With neuromuscular junction this has sacs containing neurotransmitters?

Back 55

Synaptic Vesicles

Front 56

With neuromuscular junctions this is the region of sarcolelemma that contains neurotransmitters (acetylcholine) receptors?

Back 56

Motor End Plate

Front 57

With neuromuscular junction, nerve impulses produce muscle action potentials by?

Back 57

– Releasing Acetylchlorine (neurotransmitter)

– Activates ACh Receptors

– Produces a Muscle Action Potential (MAP)

– Termination of ACh Activity

Front 58

Which muscle action potential is where nerve impulses trigger synaptic vesicles to release ACh into synaptic cleft?

Back 58

Releasing Acetylchlorine

Front 59

Which muscle action potential is binding of ACh 2 receptor on motor end plate and opens sodium ion channels (Na+ flows inside of muscle cell)?

Back 59

Activates ACh Receptors

Front 60

Which muscle action potential is where inflow of Na+ makes the inside of muscle fiber more positively charged, triggering a muscle action potential?

Back 60

Produces a Muscle Action Potential (MAP)

Front 61

Map travels to_____releasing stored Ca2+?

Back 61

SR

Front 62

Which muscle action potential is where ACh effects last briefly and is rapidly broken down by enzyme?

Back 62

Termination of ACh Activity

Front 63

Nerve impulses trigger Ca++ release from SR into_____?

Back 63

Sarcoplasm

Front 64

Increased Ca++ levels in sarcoplasm_____contraction?

Back 64

Starts

Front 65

Ca++ binds to_____on thin filaments, exposing actin myosin_____ _____allowing cross bridges to form?

Back 65

– Troponin

– Binding Sites

Front 66

SR contains Ca++_____that return Ca++ back to SR decreasing_____levels in sarcoplasm?

Back 66

– Pumps

– Calcium

Front 67

As Ca++ levels in sarcoplasm_____, myosin binding sites are covered and muscle relaxes?

Back 67

Decrease

Front 68

Contraction cycle consists of 4 steps?

Back 68

– ATP Hydrolysis (breakdown)

– Formation of Cross Bridges

– Power Stroke (contraction)

– Detachment of Myosin from Actin

Front 69

Which step of the contraction cycle is where breakdown of ATP energizes myosin head?

Back 69

ATP Hydrolysis (breakdown)

Front 70

Which step of the contraction cycle is where myosin head attaches to actin myosin binding sites?

Back 70

Formation of Cross Bridges

Front 71

Which step of the contraction cycle is where myosin cross bridges pull actin, sliding thin myofilaments toward center of sarcomere?

Back 71

Power Stroke (contraction)

Front 72

Which step of the contraction cycle is where ATP binds to myosin head, detaching myosin head from actin?

Back 72

Detachment of Myosin from Actin

Front 73

With the detachment of myosin from actin, the contraction cycle repeats as long as_____is available and Ca2+ levels are significantly_____?

Back 73

– ATP

– High

Front 74

With detachment of myosin from actin, repeated cycles_____sarcomere further?

Back 74

Shortens

Front 75

With production of ATP in muscle fibers, a huge amount of ATP is needed to power the_____ cycle, and pump _____into the SR?

Back 75

– Contraction – Ca2+

Front 76

The amount of ATP inside muscle fibers powers contraction for only a?

Back 76

Few Seconds

Front 77

Muscle fibers replenish ATP by 3 methods?

Back 77

– Creatine Phosphate

– Anaerobic

– Aerobic

Front 78

When muscle fibers replenish ATP which method is unique to muscle fibers, and lasts 15 seconds?

Back 78

Creatine Phosphate

Front 79

When muscle fibers replenish ATP which method is where cellular respiration forms lactic acid (strength training)?

Back 79

Anaerobic (without oxygen)

Front 80

When muscle fibers replenish ATP which method is where cellular respiration forms the most ATP (endurance training)?

Back 80

Aerobic (with oxygen)

Front 81

Inability of muscle to maintain force of contraction after prolonged activity?

Back 81

Muscle Fatigue

Front 82

A factor that contributes to muscle fatigue would be inadequate release of_____ions from SR?

Back 82

Calcium

Front 83

A factor that contributes to muscle fatigue would be depletion of_____ _____?

Back 83

Creatine Phosphate

Front 84

A factor that contributes to muscle fatigue would be insignificant_____?

Back 84

Oxygen

Front 85

A factor that contributes to muscle fatigue would be depletion of_____and other nutrients?

Back 85

Glycogen

Front 86

A factor that contributes to muscle fatigue would be buildup of_____ _____?

Back 86

Lactic Acid

Front 87

The_____force of muscle contraction varies?

Back 87

Tension

Front 88

Maximal tension (force/shortening) depends on the_____of motor units activated?

Back 88

Number

Front 89

Maximal tension (force/shortening) depends on the_____of nerve impulses (stimulation)?

Back 89

Frequency

Front 90

Maximal tension (force/shortening) depends on the amount of myofilaments _____ before contraction?

Back 90

Overlap

Front 91

Maximal tension (force/shortening) depends on the nutrients and _____ availability?

Back 91

Oxygen

Front 92

A brief contraction (single pull) of all muscle fibers within a motor unit in response one nerve impulse is what?

Back 92

Twitch

Front 93

A twitch consist of a _____(____), contraction and relaxation period?

Back 93

Latent (delay)

Front 94

This consist of a motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it stimulates?

Back 94

Motor Unit (light switch)

Front 95

Precise muscle movements consist of many_____motor units, like vocal cords (1 neuron: _____ muscle fibers)

Back 95

– Small

– Few

Front 96

Large powerful muscle movements consist of_____motor units, like hamstrings (1 neuron: _____ muscle fibers)

Back 96

– Large

– Many

Front 97

The total strength (force) of a contraction depends on the_____&_____of motor units activated (turned on)?

Back 97

– Size & Number

Front 98

A myogram of twitch contraction has 3 periods?

Back 98

– Latent Period

– Contraction Period

– Relaxation Period

Front 99

With a myogram of twitch contraction which period is a brief delay between stimulus and contraction; Ca++ levels increase in sarcoplasm?

Back 99

Latent Period

Front 100

With a myogram of twitch contraction which period is where cross bridges form "power stroke"?

Back 100

Contraction Period

Front 101

With a myogram of twitch contraction which period is where Ca++ levels decrease in sarcoplasm covering myosin binding sites; myosin heads detach from actin?

Back 101

Relaxation Period

Front 102

With frequency of nerve impulses this produces larger contractions when nerve impulses occur one after the other; calcium levels increase in sarcoplasm with each nerve impulse?

Back 102

Wave Summation

Front 103

With frequency of nerve impulses this results in a wavering contraction when a muscle partially relaxes between nerve impulses such as during fatigue?

Back 103

Unfused Tetanus

Front 104

With frequency of nerve impulses this results in a sustained (normal) contraction when a muscle does not relax between nerve impulses?

Back 104

Fused Tetanus

Front 105

With types of skeletal muscle fibers, muscle fibers contract at different speeds and vary how quickly they_____?

Back 105

Fatigue

Front 106

3 main types of skeletal muscle fibers?

Back 106

– Slow Oxidative Fibers

– Fast Oxidative

– Glycolytic Fibers

– Fast Glycolytic Fibers

Front 107

Which type of skeletal muscle fibers is the least powerful type of muscle fiber and generates ATP mainly by aerobic methods?

Back 107

Slow Oxidative Fibers (SO fibers)

Front 108

Which type of skeletal muscle fibers has the slowest speed of contraction and the highest resistance to fatigue?

Back 108

Slow Oxidative Fibers (SO fibers)

Front 109

Slow oxidative fibers (SO fibers) are capable of_____, sustained contractions, and is most abundant in_____muscles?

Back 109

– Prolonged

– Postural

Front 110

Slow oxidative fibers (SO fibers) are adapted for maintaining posture (anatomical position)&_____ –_____activities?

Back 110

Endurance – Type

Front 111

Which type skeletal muscle fiber generate ATP by aerobic and anaerobic methods, and has intermediate resistance to fatigue?

Back 111

Fast Oxidative – Glycolytic Fibers (FOG)

Front 112

With fast oxidative – glycolytic fibers (FOG) the speed of contraction is_____, and are most abundant in_____ _____muscles?

Back 112

– Faster

– Lower Limb

Front 113

Fast oxidative – glycolytic fibers (FOG) contribute to activities such as_____&_____?

Back 113

Walking & Sprinting

Front 114

Which type of skeletal muscle fiber has the most powerful type of muscle fibers and generate ATP by anaerobic method?

Back 114

Fast Glycolytic Fibers (FG fibers)

Front 115

Fast glycolytic fibers (FG fibers) contract _____ and have the _____resistance to fatigue?

Back 115

-Fastest

-Lowest

Front 116

Fast glycolytic fibers (FG fibers) is most abundant in _____ _____ muscles, and is adapted for intense _____ training activities of short duration like _____ _____?

Back 116

-Upper Limb-Strength

-Weight Lifting

Front 117

With distribution and recruitment of different types of fibers, most muscles are a mixture of_____ _____types of muscle fibers?

Back 117

All 3

Front 118

With distribution and recruitment of different types of fibers, skeletal muscles of any given_____ _____are all the_____type?

Back 118

– Motor Unit

– Same

Front 119

With distribution and recruitment of different types of fibers, proportions vary depending on_____action, persons training regiment, and_____factors?

Back 119

– Muscle

– Genetic

Front 120

2 types of contractions?

Back 120

– Isometric Contraction

– Isotonic Contraction

Front 121

Tensions generated is not enough for object to be moved and muscle does not change it's length is what type of contraction?

Back 121

Isometric Contraction

Front 122

Holding a book steady using an outstretched arm is what type of contraction?

Back 122

Isometric Contraction

Front 123

Isometric contraction_____to isotonic contraction?

Back 123

Leads

Front 124

Muscle changes length producing movements like picking up a book off the table is what type of contraction?

Back 124

Isotonic Contraction

Front 125

2 types of isotonic contraction?

Back 125

– Concentric Contractions (flexion)

– Eccentric Contractions (extension)

Front 126

Muscle spasms are_____contractions of muscles?

Back 126

Involuntary

Front 127

A cramp is a painful_____contraction?

Back 127

Spasmodic

Front 128

Muscle spasms_____blood vessels_____blood flow?

Back 128

– Shorten

– Reducing

Front 129

Massage can_____or_____severity of muscle spasms?

Back 129

– Eliminate

– Reduce

Front 130

With muscle spasms, massage_____blood flow and resets_____ _____in area?

Back 130

– Increases

– Muscle Tone

Front 131

With exercise and skeletal muscle tissue ratio of fast glycolytic and slow oxidative fibers are_____determined?

Back 131

Genetically

Front 132

With exercise and skeletal muscle tissue various types of exercises can_____muscle fibers?

Back 132

Transform

Front 133

Aerobic exercises transforms some _____ fibers into _____ fibers; endurance training?

Back 133

– Fast Glycolytic (FG)

– Fast Oxidative Glycolytic (FOG)

Front 134

Anaerobic exercises increase size of _____fibers by hypertrophy; strength training?

Back 134

Fast Glycolytic (FG)

Front 135

Cardiac muscle tissue has _____ fibers?

Back 135

Branched

Front 136

With cardiac muscle tissue _____ _____ connects fibers?

Back 136

Intercalated Discs

Front 137

Cardiac muscle tissue has _____muscle fibers " pacemaker"?

Back 137

Autorhythmic

Front 138

Smooth muscle tissue is _____ shaped; thickest in middle and tapered ends?

Back 138

Spindle

Front 139

2 types of smooth muscle tissue?

Back 139

– Single Unit (visceral)

– Multiunit

Front 140

Smooth muscle tissue regeneration is _____ compared to other muscle tissues?

Back 140

Considerable

Front 141

With aging and muscular tissue it has progressive loss of skeletal muscle_____?

Back 141

Mass

Front 142

With aging and muscular tissue it _____ in maximal strength?

Back 142

Decreases

Front 143

With aging and muscular tissue you have slowing of muscle_____?

Back 143

Reflexes

Front 144

With aging in muscular tissue you have loss of_____?

Back 144

Flexibility

Front 145

With aging in muscular tissue the number of _____ _____ fibers increase?

Back 145

Slow Oxidative (SO)

Front 146

With aging and muscular tissue aerobic activities and strength training can slow _____ in muscular performance?

Back 146

Decline

Front 147

Increased muscle tone?

Back 147

Hypertonia

Front 148

Decreased muscle tone?

Back 148

Hypotonia

Front 149

Pain associated with muscles?

Back 149

Myalgia

Front 150

Tearing of muscle accompanied by bleeding and severe pain?

Back 150

Muscle Strain (pulled muscle)

Front 151

Attaches muscles to bones?

Back 151

Tendons

Front 152

Stationary attachment?

Back 152

Origin

Front 153

Fleshy portion of muscle?

Back 153

Belly

Front 154

Main movements? (prime movers.)

Back 154

Action

Front 155

Action is reversed?

Back 155

Reverse Muscle Action

Front 156

Rigid structure (bone) that moves at fixed point?

Back 156

Lever

Front 157

Fixed point; joint

Back 157

Fulcrum

Front 158

Force (contraction) that causes movement?

Back 158

Effort (E)

Front 159

Force opposes movement?

Back 159

Load (L) or Resistance (R)

Front 160

Fascicles spread over broad area?

Back 160

Triangular

Front 161

Tendons extending nearly entire muscle length?

Back 161

Pennate

Front 162

One side?

Back 162

Unipennate

Front 163

Both sides?

Back 163

Bipennate

Front 164

Group of muscles with common functions?

Back 164

Compartment

Front 165

Relative to midline; oblique (diagonal), transverse (perpendicular), rectus (parallel)?

Back 165

Direction

Front 166

Maximus, minimus?

Back 166

Size

Front 167

Triangular, circular?

Back 167

Shape

Front 168

Flexor, extensor, supinator?

Back 168

Action

Front 169

Biceps, triceps, quadriceps?

Back 169

Number of Origins

Front 170

Which occipitofrontalis draws scalp back, raising eyebrows?

Back 170

Occipitalis

Front 171

What muscles move the mouth?

Back 171

– Orbicularis Oris

– Levator Labii Superiors

– Buccinator

– Mentalis

– Platysma

Front 172

Closes lips. "Kissing"?

Back 172

Obicularis Oris

Front 173

Elevates upper lip. "Elvis"?

Back 173

Levator Libii Superioris

Front 174

Cheek. "Trumpeters"?

Back 174

Buccinator

Front 175

Muscles that move orbit and eyebrows are?

Back 175

– Orbicularis Oculi.

– Corrugator Supercilii

Front 176

Closes like "crows" feet?

Back 176

Orbicularis Oculi

Front 177

Frowning?

Back 177

Corrugator Supercilii

Front 178

The 7 extrinsic eye muscles are?

Back 178

– Superior Rectus

– Interior Rectus

– Lateral Rectus

– Medial Rectus

– Superior Oblique

– Inferior Oblique

– Levator Palpebrae Superioris (LPS)

Front 179

The medial rectus does what?

Back 179

Adducts

Front 180

Muscles of mastication innervation is?

Back 180

Trigeminal (V)

Front 181

Name the anterior neck muscles in deglutition (swallowing)?

Back 181

– Digastric

– Stylohyoid

– Mylohyoid

– Geniohyoid

Front 182

Most suprahyoid muscles are named by?

Back 182

Origin and Insertion

Front 183

what suprahyoid muscles have anterior and posterior bellies?

Back 183

Digastric

Front 184

Anterior neck muscle?

Back 184

Scalenes

Front 185

What anterior neck muscle elevates ribs during deep inhalation?

Back 185

Scalenes

Front 186

Prevertebral Neck Muscles?

Back 186

–Longus Capitis

–Longus Colli

Front 187

Where are the longus capitis and longus colli prevertebral neck muscles located?

Back 187

Anterior to the Vertebral Column

Front 188

The actions of the longus capitis and the longus colli is what?

Back 188

– Flexes Neck

– Limits Hyperextension

Front 189

Lateral neck muscle?

Back 189

Sternocleidomastoid

Front 190

Divides neck into 2 major triangles; anterior and posterior?

Back 190

Sternocleidomastoid

Front 191

The sternocleidomastoid rotates head to opposite side?

Back 191

Unilaterally

Front 192

With whiplash injuries what may damage the trapezius?

Back 192

Hyperextension

Front 193

With whiplash injuries what may damage SCM and Scalenes?

Back 193

Hyperflexion

Front 194

What facilitates healing by increasing blood flow?

Back 194

Massage

Front 195

The platysma's origin is where?

Back 195

Facia over Deltoid and Pectoralis Major Muscles

Front 196

What lever class is most common?

Back 196

3rd – Class Lever (FER)

Front 197

A example of a circular arrangement?

Back 197

Orbicularis Oculi

Front 198

Causes main action?

Back 198

Prime Mover/Agonist

Front 199

Opposite side; stretches (relaxes)?

Back 199

Antagonist

Front 200

Assist the prime mover?

Back 200

Synergists

Front 201

Stabilizes the origin of prime mover?

Back 201

Fixators

Front 202

Give a example of a muscle that is named by the location of the muscle?

Back 202

Temporalis (temporal bone)

Front 203

Give a example of a muscle that is named by the location of origin and insertion?

Back 203

Sternocleidomastoid

Front 204

This wrinkles for head?

Back 204

Frontalis

Front 205

Innervation for the occipitofrontalis muscles?

Back 205

Facial Nerve

Front 206

Innervation for the muscles that move the mouth?

Back 206

Facial Nerve

Front 207

Chin " pouting"?

Back 207

Mentalis

Front 208

What neck muscle depresses (opens) mandible?

Back 208

Platysma

Front 209

The origin of the platysma?

Back 209

Deltoid And Pectoralis Major

Front 210

What are the extrinsic eye muscles?

Back 210

Superior Rectus – elevates–

Inferior Rectus – depresses–

Lateral Rectus – abducts

Medial Rectus – adducts

Superior Oblique – depresses/abducts (down and out)

Inferior Oblique – elevates/abducts (up and out)

Levitate Palpebrae Superioris (LPS) – elevates upper eyelid

Front 211

Innervation for the extrinsic eye muscles?

Back 211

All Oculomotor Nerve except lateral rectus and superior oblique

Front 212

Innervation for the lateral rectus?

Back 212

Abducens Nerve

Front 213

Innervation for the superior oblique?

Back 213

Trochlear Nerve

Front 214

Stabilizes the origin of prime mover?

Back 214

Fixators

Front 215

Give an example of a muscle that is named for the location of the muscle?

Back 215

Temporalis (temporal bone)

Front 216

Give an example of a muscle that is named for its location of origin and insertion?

Back 216

Sternocleidomastoid

Front 217

What muscle wrinkles for head?

Back 217

Frontalis

Front 218

Innervation for the occipitofrontalis muscles?

Back 218

Facial Nerve

Front 219

Innervation for the muscles that move the mouth?

Back 219

Facial Nerve

Front 220

Chim "pouting"?

Back 220

Mentalis

Front 221

Neck; depresses (opens) mandible?

Back 221

Platysma

Front 222

Origin for the platysma?

Back 222

Deltoid and Pectoralis Major

Front 223

Extrinsic eye muscles?

Back 223

– Superior Rectus

– Inferior Rectus

– Lateral Rectus

– Medial Rectus

– Superior Oblique

– Inferior Oblique

– Levator Palpebrae Superioris

Front 224

Innervation for extrinsic eye muscles?

Back 224

All Oculomotor Nerve except Lateral Rectus and Superior Oblique

Front 225

The superior rectus has what action?

Back 225

Elevates

Front 226

The inferior rectus has what action?

Back 226

Depresses

Front 227

The superior oblique has what action?

Back 227

Depresses/abducts (down and out)

Front 228

The inferior oblique has what action?

Back 228

Elevates/Abducts (up and out)

Front 229

The levator palpebrae superioris has what action?

Back 229

Elevates Upper Eyelid

Front 230

The muscles of mastication, masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid, all do what?

Back 230

– All Elevates except Lateral Pterygoid (depresses)

– All Protract except Temporalis (retracts)

Front 231

The suprahyoid muscles, digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, and geniohyoid do what?

Back 231

All Elevate Hyoid

Front 232

This anterior neck muscle elevates ribs during inhalation and flex neck and head?

Back 232

Scalenes

Front 233

This muscle is one of the largest and most important neck muscles, and flexes neck/head bilaterally?

Back 233

Sternocleidomastoid

Front 234

Innervation for the sternocleidomastoid?

Back 234

Accessory Nerve

Front 235

How many individual muscles are there in the body approximately

Back 235

700

Front 236

Attachment to the movable bone

Back 236

Insertion

Front 237

3 types of levers ?

Back 237

First ClassSecond ClassThird Class

Front 238

First class lever

Back 238

*Fulcrum in middle* seesaw or scissors

Front 239

second class lever

Back 239

* load is in the middle* wheelbarrow* mechanical advantage

Front 240

Third class lever

Back 240

* effort is in the middle * tweezers or tongs * most numerous type in body

Front 241

Types of muscle arrangements

Back 241

* parallel

* fusiform

* circular

* triangular

* pennate

Front 242

Agonist

Back 242

* prime mover* contracts to cause action

Front 243

Antagonist

Back 243

* stretches, yields to the prime mover

Front 244

Synergists

Back 244

* muscles working together

Front 245

Fixators

Back 245

* muscles that act to steady the origin of the prime mover.

Front 246

Rectus

Back 246

parallel to the midline

Front 247

transverse

Back 247

perpendicular to the midline

Front 248

oblique

Back 248

diagonal to the midline

Front 249

maximus

Back 249

largest

Front 250

minimus

Back 250

smallest

Front 251

longus

Back 251

long

Front 252

brevis

Back 252

short

Front 253

latissimus

Back 253

widest

Front 254

magnus

Back 254

large

Front 255

major

Back 255

larger

Front 256

minor

Back 256

smaller

Front 257

vastus

Back 257

huge

Front 258

deltoid

Back 258

triangle

Front 259

trapezius

Back 259

trapazoid

Front 260

serrattus

Back 260

saw shaped

Front 261

rhomboid

Back 261

diamond shaped

Front 262

orbicularis

Back 262

circular

Front 263

pectinate

Back 263

comblike

Front 264

piriformis

Back 264

pear shaped

Front 265

platys

Back 265

flat

Front 266

quadratus

Back 266

square, four sided

Front 267

gracilis

Back 267

slender

Front 268

flexor

Back 268

decreases joint angle

Front 269

extensor

Back 269

increases joint angle

Front 270

abductor

Back 270

moves bone away from midline

Front 271

addductor

Back 271

moves move towards midline

Front 272

levator

Back 272

raises bone

Front 273

depressor

Back 273

lowers or depresses a body part

Front 274

supinator

Back 274

turns palm anteriorly

Front 275

pronator

Back 275

turns palm posterior

Front 276

sphincter

Back 276

decreases the size of an opening

Front 277

tensor

Back 277

makes a body part rigid

Front 278

rotator

Back 278

rotates a bone around its longitudinal axis

Front 279

Muscles of facial expression

Back 279

* Occipitofrontalis (frontalis & occipitalis)

* Orbicularis oris

* zygomatic major

* zygomatic minor

* nasalis

* levator labil superioris

* levator labil inferioris

* depressor anguli

* levator anguli oris

* buccinator

* risorius

* mentalis

* platysma

* orbicularis oculi

* corrugator supercilli

Front 280

frontalis

Back 280

O: epicranial aponeurosis

I: skin superior to the suborbital margin

A: raises eyebrows

R : draws scalp anteriorly

N: cranial nerve VII

Front 281

occipitalis

Back 281

O: occipital bone

I: epicranial apneurosis

A: draws scalp posterior

N: cranial VII

Front 282

Orbicularis oris

Back 282

O: muscle fibers surrounding the opening of mouth

I: skin a corner of mouth

A: closes and protrudes the lips

N: cranial VII

Front 283

zygomatic major

Back 283

O: zygomatic bone

I: skin at angle of mouth

A: draws angle of mouth superiorly and laterally

N: Cranial VII

Front 284

zygomatic minor

Back 284

O: zygomatic bone

I: upper lip

A: exposes teeth

N: cranial VII

Front 285

nasalis

Back 285

O: maxilla

I: skin over cartliage portion of the nose

A: dilates external nares

N: cranial nerve VII

Front 286

levator labil superioris

Back 286

O: maxilla

I: skin at angle of the mouth and orbicularis oris

A: elevates upper lip

N: cranial nerve VII

Front 287

Depressor labil inferioris

Back 287

O: mandible

I: skin of lower lip

A: depresses lower lip

N Cranial VII

Front 288

depressor anguli

Back 288

O: mandible

I: angle of mouth

A: draws angle of mouth laterally and inferiorly

N: cranial VII

Front 289

levator anguli oris

Back 289

O: inferior in the infraorbital foramen

I: sin of the lower lip and orbicularis oris

A: draws angle of mouth laterally and superiorly

N: cranial VII

Front 290

buccinator

Back 290

O: alveolar process of the maxilla and mandible

I: orbicularis oris

A: presses cheeks again teeth, and keeps food in between teeth.

N: cranial VII

Front 291

risorius

Back 291

O: fascia over parptoid gland

I: skin at angle of mouth

A: draws angle of mouth laterally as in grimicing

N cranial VII

Front 292

mentalis

Back 292

O: mandible near midline

I: skin of interor chin

A: elevates and protrudes lower lip and pulls skin of chin up

N: cranial VII

Front 293

platysma

Back 293

O: facia over deltoid and pectoralis major

I: mandible, muscles around angle of mouth and skin of lower face

A: draws outer part of lower lip inferiorly and posteriorly as in pouting

N: cranial VII

Front 294

orbicularis oculi

Back 294

O: medial wall of the orbit

I: cicular path around orbit

A: closes the eye

N: Cranial VII

Front 295

corrugator supercilli

Back 295

O: medial end of supoercillary arch of the frontal bone

I: skin of eyebrows

A: draw eyebrows inferiorly and medially and wrinkles the skin of the forehead vertically

N: cranial VII

Front 296

muscles of mastication

Back 296

temporalis

masseter

medial pterygold

lateral pterygold

Front 297

temporalis

Back 297

O: temporal bone

I: coronoid process and ramus of mandible

A: elevates and retracts the mandible

N: Cranial V (trigeminal)

Front 298

masseter

Back 298

O: maxilla and zygomatic arch

I: angle of the ramus of mandible

A: elevates mandible

N: Cranial V (trigeminal)

Front 299

medial pterygold

Back 299

O: medial surface of the lateral portion of pterygold process

I: angle of ramus of mandible

A: elevates and protracts(protrudes) mandible and moves mandible from side to side.

N: cranial V (trigeminal)

Front 300

lateral pterygold

Back 300

O: sphenoid bone

I: condyle of the mandible TMJ

A depresses mandible and moves mandible from side to side.

N: cranial V (trigeminal)

Front 301

Muscles the move the eyeball

Back 301

superior rectus

inferior rectus

lateral rectus

medial rectus

superior onlique

inferior onlique

lavator palpebrae

Front 302

superior rectus

Back 302

O: common tendinous ring

I: superior central eyeball

A: moves eye superiorly

N: oculomotor nerver III

Front 303

inferior rectus

Back 303

O: common tendinous ring

I: inferior and central part of the eyeball

A: moves eyeball inferiorly

N: oculomotor (III) nerve

Front 304

lateral rectus

Back 304

O: common tendinous ring

I: lateral side of the eyeball

A: moves eyebal laterally (abduction)

N: Adbucens (VI) nerve

Front 305

medial rectus

Back 305

O: common tendinous ring

I: medial side of eyeball

A: moves eyeball medially

N: oculomotor (III)

Front 306

superior oblique

Back 306

O: sphenoid bone

I: eyeball between superior and lateral recti

A: moves eyeball inferiorly and laterally

N Trochlear (IV)

Front 307

inferior onlique

Back 307

O: maxialla in floor of orbit

I: eyeball between inferior and lateral recti

A: moves eyeball superiorly and laterally

N: Oculomotor (III)

Front 308

lavator palpebrae

Back 308

O: roof of orbit

I: skin and tarsal plate of upper eyelid

A: elevate upper eyelid

N: oculomotor (III)

Front 309

Suprahyoid muscles

Back 309

digastric

stylohyoid

mylohyoid

geniohyoid

Front 310

infrahyoid muscles

Back 310

omohyoid

sternohyoid

sternothyroid

thyrohyoid

Front 311

digastric

Back 311

O: mandible/temporal bone

I: hyloid

A: elvates hyoid

R: depresses mandible

N: trigeminal / facial nerve

Front 312

stylohyoid

Back 312

O: styloid process of the temporal bone

I: hyoid bone

A: elevate hyoid and draws it posteriorly

N: facial nerve VII

Front 313

mylohyoid

Back 313

O: mandible

I: hyoid bone

A: elevates hyoid bone

R: dresses mandible

N: trigeminal nerve

Front 314

geniohyoid

Back 314

O: mandible

I: hyoid

A: elevates hyoid

R: depresses mandible

N: C1

Front 315

omohyoid

Back 315

O: superior border of scapula and superior transverse ligament

I: hyoid

A: depresses hyoid

Front 316

sternohyoid

Back 316

O: medial end of the clavicle and manubrium of sternum

I: hyoid

A: depresses hyoid

Front 317

sternothyroid

Back 317

O: manubrium of sternum

I: thyroid cartilage of larynx

A: depresses thyroid cartliage

Front 318

thyrohyoid

Back 318

O: thyroid cartiliage of larynx

I: hyoid

A: depresses hyoid

R: elevates thyroid cartilage

Front 319

muscles of anterior neck for elevating ribs or flexing neck and head

Back 319

anterior scalene

middle scalene

posterior scalene

longus capitas

longus colli

rectus capitas anterior

rectus capitas laterallis

Front 320

anterior scalene

Back 320

O: transverse processes of c3-c6

I: first rib

A elevate rib in deep inhalation

R: flex cervical vertibrae, slightly rotate

N: cerivical spinal nerves.

Front 321

middle scalene

Back 321

O: transverse processes of c2-c7

I: first rib

A: Elevate first rib

N: cervical spinal nerves.

Front 322

posterior scalene

Back 322

O: transverse processes of c4-c6

I: second rib

A: Elevate second rib during deep inhalation

N: Cervical spinal nerves

Front 323

longus capitas

Back 323

O: Transverse process c3-c6

I: base of the occiput

A: Flexes neck and prevents hyperextension, rotates head to same side.

N: cervicle spinal nerves.

Front 324

longus colli

Back 324

O: anterior vertebral surfaces of c3-t3

I: transverse processes of the upper cervical vertebrae

A: Flexes neck limits hyperextension, rotates neck

N: cervical spinal nerves

Front 325

rectus capitas anterior

Back 325

O: lateral surface of C1

I: base of occipital bone

A: flexion of the AO joint, acting sigular lateral AO flexion

N: C1

Front 326

rectus capitas laterallis

Back 326

O: Transverse process of C1

I: base of occipital bone

A: acting together , flexion at AO actiing singular flexion AO joint

N: C1

Front 327

This accompanies arm movement in the same direction; increases range of motion of arm?

Back 327

Movements of Scapula Muscles

Front 328

Shrugging shoulders has what movement on scapula?

Back 328

Elevation (superior movement of scapula)

Front 329

Pulling a rope down or doing a pull-up has what movement on the scapula?

Back 329

Depression (inferior movement of scapula)

Front 330

Doing push ups or punching (arms forward) has what movement on the scapula?

Back 330

Abduction (protraction) (lateral and anterior movement of scapula)

Front 331

Lateral and anterior movement of scapula is what?

Back 331

Abduction (protraction)

Front 332

Medial and posterior movement of scapula is what?

Back 332

Adduction

Front 333

Pulling arms back in rowing has what movement on the scapula?

Back 333

Adduction (retraction)

Front 334

Anterior muscles that move the pectoral girdle are?

Back 334

– Subclavius

– Pectoralis Minor

– Serratus Anterior

Front 335

Innervation for the pectoralis minor?

Back 335

Pectoral Nerve

Front 336

What is the serratus anterior's insertion?

Back 336

Vertebral (medial) Borders of Scapula

Front 337

What anterior pectoral girdle muscles protract (abduct) scapula and elevates ribs during forced inhalation?

Back 337

– Pectoralis Minor

– Serratus Anterior

Front 338

What are the posterior pectoral girdle muscles?

Back 338

– Trapezius

– Levator Scapulae

– Rhomboid Major

– Rhomboid Minor

Front 339

Most superficial upper back muscle?

Back 339

Trapezius

Front 340

The trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboids major, and rhomboids minor all originate on the?

Back 340

Axial Skeleton (vertebrae)

Front 341

The levator scapulae, rhomboids major and minor all insert on the?

Back 341

Vertebral (medial) Border of Scapula

Front 342

All posterior pectoral girdle muscles retract/adducts the scapula except the?

Back 342

Levator Scapulae

Front 343

What is upward rotation of the pectoral girdle?

Back 343

Moving inferior Angle of Scapula Laterally

Front 344

What is downward rotation of the pectoral girdle?

Back 344

Moving Interior Angle of Scapula Medially

Front 345

What are the 7 scapular muscles?

Back 345

– Deltoid

– Teres Major

– Coracobrachialis

– Supraspinatus

– Infraspinatus

– Teres Minor

– Subscapularis

Front 346

Most superficial lower back muscle that forms the posterior wall of axilla?

Back 346

Latissimus Dorsi

Front 347

Both of these muscles move humerus, adduct (O below I) and medially rotate (I inside arm)

Back 347

– Pectoralis Major

– Latissimus Dorsi

Front 348

The deltoid has 3 sets of fibers, they are?

Back 348

– Anterior

– Middle

– Posterior

Front 349

What are the 5 actions of the deltoid?

Back 349

– Flexes

– Extends

– Abducts

– Medial Rotation

– Lateral Rotation

Front 350

This scapular muscle originates on the coracoid process?

Back 350

Coracobrachialis

Front 351

Suitcase muscle?

Back 351

Supraspinatus

Front 352

The supraspinatus originate on the?

Back 352

Supraspinatus Fossa

Front 353

The infraspinatus originates on the?

Back 353

Infraspinatus Fossa

Front 354

Muscles that circle the tendons around shoulder joint are the?

Back 354

Rotator Cuff Muscles

Front 355

What muscle is most often involved with rotator cuff injuries?

Back 355

Supraspinatus

Front 356

Continual pinching of the supraspinatus tendon may tear tendon from the bone is called what?

Back 356

Impingement Syndrome

Front 357

The rotator cuff muscles are also known as the?

Back 357

SIT S Muscles

Front 358

What are the anterior (flexor) arm compartment muscles that move the forearm at the elbow joint?

Back 358

– Biceps Brachii

– Brachialis

– Brachioradialis

Front 359

This anterior arm compartment muscle is deep to the biceps and is the most powerful forearm flexor known as the "workhorse"?

Back 359

Brachialis

Front 360

The brachialis flexes forearm, and inserts on the?

Back 360

Ulnar Tuberosity

Front 361

The brachioradialis flexes forearm, originates on the__________, and inserts on the__________?

Back 361

– Brachium

– Radius

Front 362

The posterior (extensor) arm compartment muscles that move the forearm at the elbow joint are?

Back 362

– Triceps Brachii

– Anconeus

– Supinator

– Pronator Teres

– Pronator Quadratus

Front 363

Innervation for all posterior arm muscles?

Back 363

Radial Nerve

Front 364

These muscles both pronate forearm (rolls radius in)?

Back 364

– Pronator Teres

– pronator Quadratus

Front 365

What are the superficial flexors that move wrist and digits?

Back 365

– Flexor Carpi Radialis

– Palmaris Longus

– Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (FCU)

Front 366

The superficial flexors, the flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, and flexor carpi ulnaris all originate on the?

Back 366

Medial Epicondyle

Front 367

All the superficial flexors, the flexor carbi radialis, palmaris longus, and the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) has what action?

Back 367

Flex Wrist Joint

Front 368

All superficial flexor muscles, except that FCU, innervate where?

Back 368

Median Nerve

Front 369

The innovation for the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU), a superficial flexor is where?

Back 369

Ulnar Nerve

Front 370

This superficial flexor muscle weekly flexes wrist and insert on the Palmer Aponeurosis?

Back 370

Palmaris Longus

Front 371

The deep flexor, flexor digitorum profundus inserts where?

Back 371

Distal Phalanges (digits 2 – 5)

Front 372

What are the superficial extensors that move wrist and digits?

Back 372

– Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

– Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

– Extensor Digitorum

– Extensor Digiti Minimi

– Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Front 373

All superficial extensor muscles originate where?

Back 373

Lateral Epicondyle

Front 374

All superficial extensor muscles innervate on the__________, and all___________ wrist joint?

Back 374

– Radial Nerve– Extend

Front 375

What superficial extensor muscles abduct wrist?

Back 375

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus & Brevis

Front 376

What superficial extensor muscle adducts wrist?

Back 376

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (I – ulnar side)

Front 377

What are the deep extensors that move wrist and digits?

Back 377

– Abductor Pollicis Longus

– Extensor Pollices Brevis

– Extensor Pollicis Longus

– Extensor Indicis

Front 378

What deep extensor muscle abducts thumb (digit 1)?

Back 378

Abductor Pollicis Longus

Front 379

What deep extensor muscles extends thumb?

Back 379

– Extensor Pollicis Brevis

– Extensor Pollicis Longus

Front 380

With repetitive strain or motion injuries, name some conditions that result from poor posture, poor body mechanics or repeated activities?

Back 380

– Tennis Elbow

– Golfers Elbow

– Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Front 381

Strain of the forearm extensors result and pain of lateral epicondyle (origin) is what type of condition?

Back 381

Tennis Elbow

Front 382

Strain of the forearm flexors result in pain of medial epicondyle (origin) is what type of condition?

Back 382

Golfers Elbow

Front 383

Compression of median nerve is what type of condition?

Back 383

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Front 384

What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand?

Back 384

– Thenar

– Hypothenar

– Intermediate

Front 385

Which intrinsic muscle is at the ball of the thumb?

Back 385

Thenar

Front 386

Which intrinsic muscle is at the ball of the little finger?

Back 386

Hypothenar

Front 387

Which intrinsic muscle is midpalmar?

Back 387

Intermediate

Front 388

What are the midpalmer muscles?

Back 388

– Lumbricals

– Palmer Interossei

– Dorsal Interossei

Front 389

Which midpalmer muscle of the hand adducts fingers?

Back 389

Palmer Inrtossei (PAD)

Front 390

Which midpalmer muscle of the hand abducts?

Back 390

Dorsal Interossei

Front 391

This muscle inserts on the coracoid process of the scapula, and it innervation is the pectoral nerve?

Back 391

Pectoralis Minor

Front 392

What's the name of the boxers muscle?

Back 392

Serratus Anterior

Front 393

The subclavius, pectoralis minor, and serratus anterior all originate where?

Back 393

Axial Skeleton (ribs)

Front 394

The most superficial upper back muscle?

Back 394

Trapezius

Front 395

The innervation for the trapezius?

Back 395

Accessory Nerve

Front 396

The trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboids major and rhomboids minor all do what to the scapula?

Back 396

Elevate

Front 397

This posterior pectoral girdle muscle elevates and depresses scapula?

Back 397

Trapezius

Front 398

What are the 2 axial muscles that move the humerus?

Back 398

– Pectoralis Major

– Latissimus Dorsi (swimmers muscle)

Front 399

Actions for the pectoralis major?

Back 399

Flexes Arm and Extends Flexed Arm Back to Trunk

Front 400

What muscle is the swimmers muscle?

Back 400

Latissimus Dorsi

Front 401

Insertion for the deltoid?

Back 401

Deltoid Tuberosity

Front 402

Innervation of the deltoid?

Back 402

Axillary Nerve

Front 403

Deltoid, coracobrachialis does what?

Back 403

Flexes Arm

Front 404

Deltoid and supraspinatus does what?

Back 404

Abduct Arm

Front 405

Deltoid, infraspinatus and teres minor do what?

Back 405

Laterally Rotate

Front 406

What are the sit s muscles?

Back 406

– Supraspinatus

– Infraspinatus

– Teres Minor

– Subscapularis

Front 407

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor insert where?

Back 407

Greater Tubercle

Front 408

Subscapularis inserts where?

Back 408

Lesser Tubercle

Front 409

The biceps brachii inserts where?

Back 409

Radial Tuberosity

Front 410

This muscle has 3 heads (long, lateral and medial) and crosses shoulders (extends arm) and elbow joints?

Back 410

Triceps Brachii

Front 411

This muscle is synergist to triceps?

Back 411

Anconeus

Front 412

The triceps brachii and anconeus both insert where?

Back 412

Olecranon Process

Front 413

Innervation for all posterior arm muscles?

Back 413

Radial Nerve

Front 414

This muscle roles radius out?

Back 414

Supinator

Front 415

These muscles roll radius in?

Back 415

– Pronator Teres

– Pronator Quadratus

Front 416

The pronator teres and pronator quadratus both do what?

Back 416

Pronate Forearm

Front 417

The flexor carpi radialis does what?

Back 417

Abducts Wrist

Front 418

This muscle is absent in 10% of individuals; tendon repairs?

Back 418

Palmaris Longus

Front 419

The flexor carpi ulnris does what?

Back 419

Adducts Hand

Front 420

Action for the flexor pollicis longus?

Back 420

Flexes Thumb

Front 421

The flexor digitorum profundus does what?

Back 421

Flexes Digits 2 – 5

Front 422

The extensor digitorum does what?

Back 422

Extends Digits 2 – 5

Front 423

The extensor digiti minimi does what?

Back 423

Extends little finger (digit 5)

Front 424

The extensor indicis does what?

Back 424

Extends index finger (digit 2)

Front 425

What is the iliopsoas and psoas major's origin?

Back 425

Body & transverse proseses of lumber Vertebrae

Front 426

What anterior pelvic compartment muscle is the main thigh flexor?

Back 426

Iliacus

Front 427

The lateral thigh compartment muscle, tensor fasciae latae has what action?

Back 427

Abducts

Front 428

What are the medial thigh compartment muscles?

Back 428

– Pectineus

– Adductor Brevis

– Adductor Longus

– Adductor Magnus

– Gracilis

Front 429

All medial thigh compartment muscles, pectineus, adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor Magnus, and gracilis insert where?

Back 429

Linea Aspera

Front 430

All medial thigh compartment muscles innervate __________, except pectineus (femoral).

Back 430

Obturator Nerve

Front 431

What are the superficial posterior pelvic compartment (buttocks) muscles?

Back 431

– Gluteus Maximus

– Gluteus Medius & Gluteus Minimus

Front 432

Superficial posterior pelvic compartment muscle laterally rotates thigh?

Back 432

Gluteus Maximus

Front 433

What superficial posterior pelvic compartment muscle is a common site for intramuscular injections?

Back 433

Gluteus Medius

Front 434

What are the 6 deep hip lateral rotators of the deep posterior pelvic compartment (Buttocks)?

Back 434

– Piriformis

– Obturator Internus

– Obturator Externus

– Superior Gemellus

– Inferior Gemellus

– Quadratus Femoris

Front 435

All 6 deep hip lateral rotators insert where?

Back 435

Outside Greater Trochanter

Front 436

A rupture or tear of the inner thigh muscles; most often occur during sprinting or twisting, or from kicking a solid object is what?

Back 436

Groin Pulls

Front 437

Sharp pain in the inguinal region, swelling, bruising or inability to contract the muscles is what?

Back 437

Symptoms of Groin Pulls

Front 438

What do you do for groin pulls?

Back 438

RICE Therapy (2 – 3 days)

Front 439

What are the anterior thigh muscles that move the femur, tibia, and fibula?

Back 439

– Quadriceps Femoris– Rectus Femoris– Vastus Lateralis– Vastus Medialis– Vastus Intermediates– Sartorius

Front 440

These 2 muscles of the anterior thigh originates on the linea aspera?

Back 440

– Vastus Lateralis

– Vastus Medialis

Front 441

What anterior thigh muscle originates on the body of the femur?

Back 441

Vastus Intermediates

Front 442

All anterior thigh muscles insert where?

Back 442

Patella And Tibial Tuberosity via Patellar Ligament

Front 443

All anterior thigh muscle innervation?

Back 443

Femoral Nerve

Front 444

What are the posterior thigh hamstrings?

Back 444

– Biceps Femoris

– Semimembranosus

– Semitendinosis

Front 445

All hamstring muscles originate where?

Back 445

Ischial Tuberosity

Front 446

Hamstrings, biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosis innervation?

Back 446

Tibial Nerve

Front 447

Origin of hamstrings tears from ischial tuberosity is what?

Back 447

Pulled Hamstrings

Front 448

3 muscles stabilize and reinforce medial border of knee is what group?

Back 448

Pes Anserinus

Front 449

What anterior leg muscle inverts foot?

Back 449

Tibialis Anterior

Front 450

What anterior leg muscle Everts foot?

Back 450

Peroneus/Fibularis Tertius

Front 451

What group of muscles all dorsiflex foot (on heels)?

Back 451

Anterior Leg Muscles

Front 452

Innervation for the anterior leg muscles?

Back 452

Deep Peroneal

Front 453

What are the lateral leg muscles?

Back 453

– Peroneus/Fibularis Longus

– Peroneus/Fibularis Brevis

Front 454

Tendons pass posterior to lateral malleolus to insert on the plantar portion of the foot are what muscles?

Back 454

– Peroneus/Fibularis Longus

– Peroneus/Fibularis Brevis

Front 455

Innervation for the lateral leg muscles, peroneus/fibularis longus and brevis?

Back 455

Superficial Peroneal

Front 456

All superficial posterior leg muscles, gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris have what action?

Back 456

All Plantar Flex Foot at Ankle Joint

Front 457

What is the strongest tendon in the body?

Back 457

Achilles Tendon

Front 458

Innervation for all superficial posterior leg muscles, gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris?

Back 458

Tibial Nerve

Front 459

What are the deep posterior leg muscles?

Back 459

– Tibialis Posterior

– Flexor Digitorum Longus

– Flexor Hallucus Longus

– Popliteus

Front 460

Whats the posterior leg muscle that inverts foot?

Back 460

Tibialis Posterior

Front 461

What deep posterior leg muscle flexes toes 2 – 5?

Back 461

Flexor Digitorum Longus

Front 462

What deep posterior leg muscle flexes great toe(1)?

Back 462

Flexor Hallucis Longus

Front 463

The deep posterior leg muscle, popliteus inserts where?

Back 463

Popliteal Fossa

Front 464

Innervation for all posterior thigh and posterior leg muscles?

Back 464

Tibial Nerve

Front 465

1st layer of intrinsic muscles that move the toes?

Back 465

– Abductor Hallucis

– Flexor Digitorum Brevis

– Abductor Digiti Minimi

Front 466

What intrinsic muscle of the 1st layer flexes toes 2-5?

Back 466

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

Front 467

What intrinsic muscle of the 1st layer abducts little toe?

Back 467

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Front 468

What are the 2nd plantar layer intrinsic muscles that move the toes?

Back 468

– Quadratus Plantae

– Lumbricals

Front 469

What are the 3rd plantar layer intrinsic muscles that move the toes?

Back 469

– Flexor Hallucis Brevis

– Adductor Hallucis

– Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Front 470

What intrinsic muscle of the 3rd layer flexes great toe?

Back 470

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

Front 471

What intrinsic muscle of the 3rd layer adducts great toe?

Back 471

Adductor Hallucis

Front 472

What intrinsic muscle of the 3rd layer flexes little toe?

Back 472

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Front 473

What are the 4th layer intrinsic muscles that move the toes?

Back 473

– Dorsal Interossei

– Plantar Interossei

Front 474

What intrinsic muscle of the 4th layer abducts toes 2-4?

Back 474

Dorsal Interossei (DAB)

Front 475

What intrinsic muscle of the 4th layer adducts toes 2-4?

Back 475

Plantar Interossei (PAD)

Front 476

Frequently caused by faulty training techniques, poorly constructed or worn out running shoes?

Back 476

Running Related Injuries

Front 477

Tendinitis of anterior leg compartment muscles, especially tibialis anterior is what?

Back 477

Shin Splints

Front 478

Chronic inflammatory irritation of plantar Aponeurosis; most common cause of heel pain in runners is what?

Back 478

Plantar Fasciitis or Painful Heel Syndrome

Front 479

When ASIS and PSIS are level?

Back 479

Anatomical Position

Front 480

Excessive anterior pelvic tilt; poorly developed abdominal muscles is what?

Back 480

Slumped Posture

Front 481

What's the 2 muscles of the iliopsoas?

Back 481

– Psoas Major

– Iliacus

Front 482

Psoas major and Iliacus insert where?

Back 482

Lesser Trochanter

Front 483

What is the main thigh flexor?

Back 483

Iliacus

Front 484

The tensor fasciae latae inserts where?

Back 484

Lateral Tibia and Fibula by the Iliotibial Band

Front 485

The medial thigh compartment muscles, pectineus, adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, and gracilis all insert where and do what?

Back 485

– All Insert on the Linea Aspera

– All Adduct and Flex Thigh

Front 486

Primary thigh extensor?

Back 486

Gluteus Maximus

Front 487

The gluteus medius and minimus does what?

Back 487

Medially Rotate Thigh

Front 488

The 6 deep hip lateral rotators, piriformis, obturator internus, obturator externus, superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, and quadratus femoris all do what?

Back 488

Laterally Rotates Femur

Front 489

All these muscles extend leg at the knee joint (leg forward); main action?

Back 489

Anterior Thigh Muscles

Front 490

What anterior thigh muscle flexes femur at hip joint and originates on the AIIS?

Back 490

Rectus Femoris

Front 491

All anterior thigh muscles insert where?

Back 491

Patella and Tibial Tuberosity Via Patellar Ligament

Front 492

Longest muscle in the body that originates on that ASIS and crosses thigh obliquely; flexes legs and flexes abducts and laterally rotates thigh?

Back 492

Sartorius " Tailor's"

Front 493

Hamstrings?

Back 493

– Biceps Femoris

– Semimembranosus

– Semitendinosis

Front 494

All hamstring muscles do what?

Back 494

All Extend Thigh and Flexes Leg

Front 495

The semi-muscles insert where?

Back 495

Medial Tibia

Front 496

Biceps femoris inserts where?

Back 496

Lateral Fibula

Front 497

The extensor hallucis longus does what?

Back 497

Extends Great Toe (1) Upward

Front 498

The extensor digitorum longus does what?

Back 498

Extends Toes (2 – 5)

Front 499

All anterior leg muscles do what?

Back 499

All Dorsiflex Foot (on heels) Extensors Raise Toes

Front 500

Peroneus/fibularis longus and brevis do what?

Back 500

Both Plantar Flex and Evert Foot (pull foot down and out)

Front 501

Name the calf muscles?

Back 501

– Gastrocnemius

– Soleus

– Plantaris

Front 502

All superficial posterior leg muscles insert where?

Back 502

Calcaneus via Achilles Tendon

Front 503

All the posterior leg muscles do what?

Back 503

All plantar flex except popliteus

Front 504

How many compartments does the thigh have?

Back 504

3anterior, Posterior, & Medial

Front 505

Girdle muscle?

Back 505

Transversus Abdominis

Front 506

Anterolateral Ab. wall muscles?

Back 506

-Rectus Abdominis

-External Oblique

-Internal Oblique

-Transversus Abdominis

-Linea Alba

-Umbilicus

Front 507

Formed by muscles at midline?

Back 507

Linea Alba

Front 508

The navel is called what?

Back 508

Umbilicus

Front 509

The innervation for the anterolateral abdominal wall muscles?

Back 509

Thoracic Spinal Nerves

Front 510

Deepest lower back muscle?

Back 510

Quadratus Lumborum

Front 511

Pulls twelfth ribs down during forced inhalation?

Back 511

Quadratus Lumborum

Front 512

Unilateral chronic spasm of the quadratus lumborum does what?

Back 512

Elevates Pelvis and Lowers Limb; " Short Leg Syndrome"(leg length discrepancy/LLD)

Front 513

Muscles of breathing?

Back 513

– Diaphragm

– External Intercostals

– Internal Intercostals

Front 514

Dome – shaped muscle separates thoracic and abdominal cavities?

Back 514

Diaphragm

Front 515

3 major openings in diaphragm are what?

Back 515

– Aortic Hiatus

– Vena Cava Foramen

– Esophageal Hiatus (associated with hiatal hernia)

Front 516

Innervation for the external and internal intercostals?

Back 516

Thoracic Spinal Nerves

Front 517

What separates pelvic cavity above from perineum below?

Back 517

Pelvic Diaphragm

Front 518

What is associated with urogenital organs and Anorectal region?

Back 518

Perineum

Front 519

What are the 2 splenius muscles?

Back 519

– Splenius Capitis

– Cervicis

Front 520

What does the splenius muscle do unilaterally?

Back 520

Rotates Head to Same Side (O inside I)

Front 521

What muscle group contains the main extensors of the vertebral column?

Back 521

Erector Spinae Muscles

Front 522

With the erectors spinae muscles, the iliocostalis is what to the other muscles?

Back 522

Lateral

Front 523

With the erector spinae muscles, the longissimus is what to the other muscles?

Back 523

Intermediate

Front 524

With the erector spinae muscles, the spinalis is what to the other muscles?

Back 524

Medial

Front 525

What does the transversospinalis muscle do unilaterally?

Back 525

Rotates head And Vertebral Column to Opposite Side(O outside I)

Front 526

What are the 2 segmental muscles?

Back 526

– Interspinales

– Intertransversarii

Front 527

What type of muscles crossed the fewest numbers of intervertebral joints?

Back 527

Segmental muscles

Front 528

The interspinales action is what?

Back 528

Extension

Front 529

The inertransversarii action is what?

Back 529

-Lateral Flexion-Extension

Front 530

With suboccipital muscles what is the posterior major and minor called?

Back 530

Rectus Capitis

Front 531

With suboccipital muscles what is the superior and inferior muscles called?

Back 531

Obliquus Capitis

Front 532

What are the actions of the obliquus muscle?

Back 532

– Extends Head

– Stabilizes and Control Spine Movement of Atlanto

– Occipital Joint

Front 533

Amount of force, repetition, posture and stress applied to the vertebral column is a factor associated with?

Back 533

Increased Risk for Back Injuries

Front 534

Poor physical condition, posture, lack of exercise, and excessive body weight contribute to sprains and strains is a factor associated with?

Back 534

Increased Risk for Back Injuries

Front 535

Improper lifting of heavy weight constrain the erector spinae muscles is a factor associated with?

Back 535

Increased Risk for Back Injuries

Front 536

It's important to bend the knees and use powerful thigh extensor muscles while lifting a heavy load to?

Back 536

Prevent Back Injuries

Front 537

The rectus abdominis, external oblique, and transversus abdominis all have one function in common, what is it?

Back 537

All function To Compress the Abdomen

Front 538

The action of the sternocleidomastoid muscle is antagonist to the?

Back 538

Longissimus Capitis Muscle

Front 539

The transversus abdominals muscle is located ____to the internal oblique muscle?

Back 539

Deep

Front 540

Which muscle flexes the vertebral column?

Back 540

Rectus Abdominis

Front 541

The diaphragm muscles insert on the?

Back 541

Strong Apponeurosis Called the Central Tendon

Front 542

The levator ani and the coccygeus muscle together do what?

Back 542

Support And Slightly Raised the Pelvic Floor

Front 543

The most lateral muscle of the pelvic diaphragm is the?

Back 543

Coccygeus

Front 544

The base of the penis is surrounded by the _____muscle?

Back 544

Bulbospongiousus

Front 545

Which muscles that move the vertebral column run parallel with the vertical axis of the spine?

Back 545

Erector Spinae Group

Front 546

Which of the following muscle is the shortest, with origin and insertion between adjacent vertebrae? A) iliocostalis B) Semispinalis C) Splenius D)Rotatores

Back 546

Rotatores

Front 547

Which of the muscle groups that extends the vertebral column is located most laterally?

Back 547

Iliocostalis

Front 548

Which muscles of the vertebral column originate and insert only on the transverse processes of the vertebrae?

Back 548

Intertransversarii

Front 549

Which muscle acts only in compression of the abdomen?

Back 549

Transverse Abdominis

Front 550

Which muscle stabilizes the ribs in forced inhalation?

Back 550

Quadratus Lumborum

Front 551

Which muscle contracts during forced inhalation?

Back 551

Internal Intercostals

Front 552

Which of the below is located in the ventral region?A) MultifidusB) Transverse AbdominisC) Splenius CapitisD) Gluteus Maximus

Back 552

Transverse abdominis

Front 553

Tendinous intersections?

Back 553

Rectus Abdominis

Front 554

Forms inguinal ligament; associated with inguinal hernia?

Back 554

External Oblique

Front 555

The rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominis all do what?

Back 555

Compress the Abdomen

Front 556

Posterior abdominal wall; bulky and stable?

Back 556

Quadratus Lumborum

Front 557

Laterally flexes trunk elevating it "hip hiker"

Back 557

Unilaterally (quadratus lumborum)

Front 558

Stabilizes 12th ribs during forced exhalation?

Back 558

Quadratus Lumborum

Front 559

Most important muscle involved in breathing?

Back 559

Diaphragm

Front 560

During inhalation (breathing in) this muscle contracts (flattens) increasing thoracic cavity?

Back 560

Diaphragm

Front 561

During exhalation (breathing out) this muscle relaxes moving superiorly decreasing thoracic cavity?

Back 561

Diaphragm

Front 562

Innervation for the diaphragm?

Back 562

Phrenic Nerve

Front 563

During forced inhalation this muscle elevates ribs increasing anteroposterior and lateral thoracic cavity dimensions?

Back 563

External Intercostals

Front 564

During forced exhalation this muscle pulls ribs down and in and decreasing anteroposterior and lateral thoracic cavity dimensions?

Back 564

– Ischiococcygeus

Front 565

Both these muscles support pelvic viscera and resists inferior movement during coughing, vomiting, urination and defecation?

Back 565

– Iliococcygeus

Front 566

What are the 2 components of the levator ani?

Back 566

– Pubococcygeus

– Iliococcygeus

Front 567

This is associated with urogenital organs and anorectic region?

Back 567

Perineum

Front 568

These muscles are not found in the perineum only on the pelvic floor?

Back 568

Coccygeus Muscles

Front 569

These muscles are on the sides and back of the neck?

Back 569

Splenius Muscles

Front 570

What do splenius muscles do bilaterally?

Back 570

– Longissimus (Intermediate)

– Spinalis (medial)

Front 571

What are the 3 groups of erector spinae muscles?

Back 571

– Iliocostalis (lateral)

– Longissimus (Intermediate)

– Spinalis (medial)

Front 572

The transversospinalis muscles, semi-spinalis capitis, cervicis, thoracis, multifidus, and rotatores originate and insert where?

Back 572

O – Transverse Processes

I – Spinous Processes

Front 573

The transversospinalis muscles do what bilaterally?

Back 573

Extends Head And Vertebral Column

Front 574

Common source of headache?

Back 574

Suboccipital Muscles, Obliquus Capitis, and Rectus Capitis