Musculoskeletal - Metabolic Bone Diseases

Front 1

What are the definition of osteoporosis?

Back 1

Decreased synthesis or increased resorption of bony matrix protein. Results in fractures particularly of hip and spine leading to kyphosis.

Front 2

What are risk factors for osteoporosis?

Back 2

Postmenopause (low estrogen), sedentary, high cortisol, hyperthyroid, calcium deficiency

Front 3

What can you give to help slow osteoporosis?

Back 3

1) Estrogen: slows loss, builds density
2) Calcitonin: slows loss, analgesic
3) Bisphosphonates (Pamidronate, Alendronate): increase bone density
4) Calcium supplements: 1 gram/day

Front 4

What is Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica (von Recklinghausen's)?

Back 4

1) Hyperparathyroid --> diffuse lytic lesions
2) "Brown tumor" of bone due to cyst hemorrhage
3) Can mimic osteoporosis on x-ray

Front 5

What is Osteomalacia?

Back 5

1) Adult vitamin D deficiency leading to defective calcification of osteoid matrix
2) X-ray mimic osteoporosis
3) Called "renal osteodystrophy" if secondary to kidney disease

Front 6

What is Rickets?

Back 6

1) Vitamin D deficiency in kids causing epiphyseal plate thicking
2) Multiple skeletal defects, short stature

Front 7

What is Scurvy?

Back 7

1) Vitamin C deficiency causes impaired osteoid formation (cannot hydroxylate lysine/proline of preprocollagen)
2) Bleeding gums, osteoporosis, ecchymoses

Front 8

What is overactive in Paget's Bone Disease (Osteitis Deformans)?

Back 8

Increased activity of BOTH osteoblasts & osteoclasts.

Front 9

Who gets Paget's Bone Disease? Which bones does it usually affect?

Back 9

1) Mostly elderly, may be of paramyxovirus etiology?
2) Spine, pelvis, skull, femur, tibia

Front 10

What are the 3 phases of Paget's Bone Disease?

Back 10

1) Osteolytic: mostly osteoclast activity
2) Mixed: see MOSAIC pattern of blue cement lines
3) Osteoblastic: inc. bone density

Front 11

What are the complications of Paget's Bone Disease?

Back 11

Osteosarcoma, high output cardiac failure, fractures/pain, hearing loss.