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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the four elements that make up the basic structure of skeletal muscle?
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Belly
Attachments Fascia Tendon |
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What do attachments consist of?
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Origin - fixed attachment, usually at the proximal end, does not move during muscle contraction
Insertion - moveable attachment, usually distal, moves during muscle contraction. |
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There are four main types of skeletal muscle based on patterns resulting from the arrangement of fibres, name them.
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Parallel
Pennate Convergent Circular |
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Which type of skeletal muscle is always found around external openings?
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Circular
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Which type of skeletal muscle has short fibres attached obliquely to a central tendon?
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Pennate
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Which type of skeletal muscle has a broad origin with fibres moving towards a single tendon?
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Convergent
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Which type of skeletal muscle is the most common? Describe it.
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Parallel - muscle fibres run with the longitudinal axis of the muscle, muscle is either straplike or fusiform(wide in middle).
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How are muscles attached to bone?
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Directly - fascia of the muscle attaches to bone or cartilage.
Indirectly - fascia of the muscle extends beyond as a tendon(ropelike) or aponeurosis(flat,broad) anchoring the muscle to bone, cartilage or the fascia of other muscle. |
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Which is the more common of attachments?
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Most muscles attach indirectly.
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A muscle can be in one of three states. What are these?
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Contracted - muscle is shortened and a joint is moved with two bones coming closer together.
Relaxed - muscle is in neutral Stretched - muscle is lengthened due to opposing muscle contraction. |
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What is a Prime Mover?
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It is the primary muscle effecting a desired joint movement.
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What do you call the muscle when it opposes a certain movement?
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An antagonist. When a prime mover is active its antagonist is stretched and relaxed.
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What does a Synergist muscle do?
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It assists in performing the desired joint movement by performing the same movement or reducing undesired movement.
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What is a fixator?
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A fixator is a specialized synergist that stabilises a joint during movement.
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What is the most important concept when thinking about the way muscles move?
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Muscles PULL they don't push.
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There are three ways a muscle can contract to produce force, these are?
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Concentric - muscle shortens during contraction
Eccentric - muscle lengthens during contraction Isometric - a muscle contraction where the muscle remains the same length. |
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What are the muscles of the upper back?
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Trapezius(upper, middle, lower)
Rhomboids Levator Scapulae |
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What is the origin of the Trapezius?
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Occipital bone
Nuchal ligament C1-C7 Spinous processes C7-T12 |
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What is the insertion of the Trapezius?
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Spine of Scapula
Acromian process of Scapula Lateral 1/3 of the Clavicle (the inseryion forms a continuous v) |
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What is the action of the Trapezius?
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SCAPULA -
Depression(lower traps) Retraction(middle traps) Elevation(upper traps) Rotation HEAD - Extension |
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Are the Trapezius a prime mover for any of those actions?
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Yes for the head extension.
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What is the Origin of the Rhomboids?
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Spinous processes C7-T5
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What is the Insertion of the Rhomboids?
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Medial Border of Scapula
- from inferior angle to spine of scapula |
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What is the action of the Rhomboids?
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SCAPULA -
Elevation Retraction |
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What muscular pain is the Levator Scapulae commonly associated with?
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Tension of the posterior neck, particularly when rotation is involved.
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What is the origin of the Levator Scapulae?
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Transverse Processes C1-C4
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What is the Insertion of the Levator Scapulae?
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Medial border of scapula
- from superior angle to the spine of scapula |
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What is the action of the Levator Scapula?
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SCAPULA -
Elevation HEAD - Lateral Flexion Rotation |
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What are the muscles of the neck?
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Sternocleidomastoid
Scalenes Splenius Capitus |
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What is the origin of the sternocleidomastoid?
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Manubrium of the sternum
Medial 1/3rd of clavicle |
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What is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid?
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Mastoid process of temporal bone
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What is the action of the sternocleidomastoid?
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Head: Flexion(both)PM
Lateral flexion(one)-to same side Rotation(one)-to opposit side |
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What is the origin of the scalenes?
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Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
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What is the insertion of the scalenes?
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Ribs 1 and 2
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What is the action of the scalenes?
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Ribs: Elevation
Neck: Flexion Rotation |
