Musculoskeletal Anatomy- Articular System

Front 1

What are joints or articulations?

Back 1

Sites where two or more bones meet.

Front 2

Every bone in the body forms a joint with at least one other bone, with one exception. What is it?

Back 2

The Hyoid bone (front of neck).

Front 3

How can joints be classified?

Back 3

Structurally - focusing on the material binding the bones together and the presence of a joint cavity, and functionally - amount of movement allowed at the joint.

Front 4

Name the three types of joints and describe their structure and function.

Back 4

Fibrous - joints are joined by fibrous tissue, no cavity present and essentially no movement. Cartilaginous - bones are joined by cartilage, no joint cavity, slight movement. Synovial - bones are seperated by a joint cavity containing fluid, permits substantial movement.

Front 5

Which type of joint makes up the majority in the body?

Back 5

Synovial.

Front 6

Name the six types of synovial joints.

Back 6

Plane joints
Hinge joints
Pivot joints
Condyloid(ellipsoid) joints
Saddle joints
Ball and Socket joints

Front 7

Which is the most freely moveable joint?

Back 7

Ball and Socket joint

Front 8

Which joint allows only a short slipping or gliding movement?

Back 8

Plane joint

Front 9

Which biaxial joint permits all angular motions?

Back 9

Condyloid joint

Front 10

Which joint allows only the movement of one bone around its own long axis or against another bone?

Back 10

Pivot joint

Front 11

Which joint is similar to the condyloid joint but allows greater freedom of movement due to each articular surface having both concave and connvex areas?

Back 11

Saddle joint

Front 12

What type of synovial joint is the the knee or elbow joint?

Back 12

Hinge joint

Front 13

What is the anatomical position?

Back 13

It is the standard body position that provides an initial reference point to help describe body parts and position.
the body is erect(in extension), head eyes and toes forward, upper limbs by the side, palms facing forward.

Front 14

What is prone?

Back 14

Lying face down

Front 15

What is supine?

Back 15

Lying face up

Front 16

What is the midline of the body?

Back 16

It is an imaginary line that passes through the middle of the body.

Front 17

There are six general body movements generated by the body, what are they?

Back 17

Extension
Flexion
Abduction
Adduction
Circumduction
Rotation

Front 18

What is Flexion?

Back 18

Flexion is movement that decreases the angle of a joint and brings the two articulating bones closer together.

Front 19

What is Extension?

Back 19

Extension is movement that increases the angle of a joint

Front 20

What is the difference between abduction and adduction?

Back 20

Abduction moves the limb away from the midline of the body and Adduction moves the limb toward the midline.

Front 21

Circumduction is the combination of which four movements to form a circle?

Back 21

Flexion, Extension, Abduction and Adduction.

Front 22

Which two synovial joints are the only ones that allow rotation?

Back 22

Ball and Socket and Pivot joints

Front 23

Which joints allow Flexion and Extension?

Back 23

Hinge, Pivot, Condyloid, Saddle and Ball and Socket.

Front 24

Which joints allow Abduction and Adduction?

Back 24

Condyloid, Ball and Socket and Saddle.

Front 25

As well as general movements there are 13 special movements the body allows in certain parts of the body, name these.

Back 25

Supination
Pronation
Inversion
Eversion
Planter Flexion
Dorsiflexion
Protraction
Retraction
Elevation
Depression
Ulnar Deviation
Radial Deviation
Opposition

Front 26

What is supination and pronation and what part of the body do these movements belong to?

Back 26

Supination is movement of the forearm so the palm faces anteriorly or superiorly ie, the anatomical position.
Pronation is the movement of the forarm so the palm faces posteriorly of inferiorly. So the movement is in the forearm.

Front 27

What is Inversion and Eversion and what body part do they relate to?

Back 27

Inversion is movement of the foot so that the sole is turned medially ie. the soles face each other and Eversion refers to the movement of the foot so that the sole is turned laterally. Movement occurs at the foot/ankle.

Front 28

What are Planter Flexion and Dorsiflexion and what body part do they refer to?

Back 28

Planter Flexion refers to movementof the ankle so teh toes point inferiorly as in standing on your tippy-toes. Dorsiflexion refers to movement of the ankle so the toes point superiorly as in standing on your heels. The movement occurs the the foot/ankle.

Front 29

What is the difference between Protraction and Retraction?

Back 29

Protraction is the anterior movement of the mandible or scapula in a transverse plane and Retraction is the posterior movement of the mandible/scapula in a transverse plane.

Front 30

How would the Jaw protract and retract?

Back 30

The mandible protracts by projecting the jaw forward and retracts by returning the mandible backward.

Front 31

How does the scapula protract and retract?

Back 31

The scapula protracts by propelling the arm forward and retracts by 'squaring up' the shoulders.