Muscular System Vocabulary

Front 1

abduction

Back 1

moves away from the midline

Front 2

Achilles tendinitis

Back 2

inflammation of the Achilles tendon caused by excessive stress

Front 3

adduction

Back 3

moves toward the midline

Front 4

adhesion

Back 4

a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally and can form im muscles or internal jorgans as the result of an injury or surgery

Front 5

anticholinergic

Back 5

medication administered to control spasmodic activity of smooth muscle, such as those of the intestines; also known as an antispasmodic

Front 6

ataxia

Back 6

the inability to coordinate muscle activity

Front 7

atonic

Back 7

lacking normal muscle tone or strength

Front 8

atrophy

Back 8

weakness of wearing away of body tissues and structures caused by pathology or by disuse over a long period of time

Front 9

atropine

Back 9

an antispasmodic medication that may be administered properatively to relax smooth muscle

Front 10

bradykinesia

Back 10

extreme slowness in movement

Front 11

carpal tunnel syndrome

Back 11

swelling that creates pressure on the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel

Front 12

circumduction

Back 12

circular movement of a limb at the far end

Front 13

contracture

Back 13

permanent tightening of facia, muscle, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastice connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues

Front 14

dorsiflexion

Back 14

bends the foot toward the ankle

Front 15

dyskinesia

Back 15

distortion or impairment of voluntary movement in which the movements appear purposeful but are not under voluntary contro

Front 16

dystaxia

Back 16

difficulty in controling voluntary movement; also know as partial ataxia

Front 17

dystonia

Back 17

abnormal muscle tone

Front 18

fibromyalgia syndrome

Back 18

a chronic, often diabling, condition of unknown cause that is characterized by uncontrollable fatigue and widespread pain in the muscles, ligaments, and tendons

Front 19

ganglion cyst

Back 19

a harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist

Front 20

hemiparesis

Back 20

slight paralysis of one side of the body

Front 21

hemiplegia

Back 21

total paralysis of one side of the body

Front 22

hyperkinesia

Back 22

abnormally increased motor function or activity; also know as hyeractivity

Front 23

hypertonia

Back 23

a condition of excessive tone of the skeletal muscles

Front 24

hypokinesia

Back 24

abnormally decreased motor function or activity

Front 25

hypotonia

Back 25

a condition in which there is diminshed tone of the skeletal muscles

Front 26

muscular dystrophy

Back 26

a group of more than 20 inherited muscle disorders that cause muscle weakness without affecting the nervous system

Front 27

myalgia

Back 27

muscle tenderness or pain

Front 28

myathenia gravis

Back 28

a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular juction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles

Front 29

myocele

Back 29

a protrusion of a muscle through its ruptured sheath or fascia

Front 30

myoclonus

Back 30

a spasm or twitching of a muscle or group of muscles

Front 31

myofacial damage

Back 31

injury caused by overworking muscles that results in tenderness and swelling of the muscles and surrounding fascia

Front 32

myolysis

Back 32

the deteriotation or breakdown of muscle tissue

Front 33

myoparesis

Back 33

weakness or slight paralysis of a muscle

Front 34

myorraphy

Back 34

surgical suturing of a muscle wound

Front 35

myositis

Back 35

inflammation of a skeletal muscle

Front 36

myotonia

Back 36

delayed relaxation of a muscle after a strong contraction

Front 37

paraplegia

Back 37

paralysis of both legs and lower part of the body

Front 38

polymyositis

Back 38

inflammation of several skeletal muscles at the same time

Front 39

pronation

Back 39

turns the palm of the hand downward or backward

Front 40

quadriplegia

Back 40

paralysis of all four extremities

Front 41

sarcopenia

Back 41

age-related reduction in skeletal muscle mass in elderly

Front 42

singultus

Back 42

also known as a hiccup, is a spasm of the diaphragm

Front 43

spasmic torticollis

Back 43

a stiff neck due to spasmodic sontraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side; also known as rye neck

Front 44

sphincter

Back 44

a ringlike muscle tha tightly constricts the opening of a passageway

Front 45

supination

Back 45

turns the palms of the hand upward or forward

Front 46

tenodesis

Back 46

the surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone

Front 47

tenodynia

Back 47

pain in tendon

Front 48

tenolysis

Back 48

freeing a tendon from adhesions

Front 49

tenorraphy

Back 49

surgical suturing of a divided tendon