Muscular System (Part 2)- Exam 2

Front 1

Origin:

Insertion:

Belly:

Synergists:

Antagonist:

Back 1

Origin: nonmovable end (shoulder)

Insertion: movable end (forearm)

Belly: middle

Synergists: (biceps) muscles that work together Antagonist: (biceps and triceps) muscles that oppose each other

Front 2

Muscles are named according to...

Back 2

Location: Ex. tibialis anterior

Origin/insertion: Ex. sternocleidomastoid

Size: Ex. gluteus maximus

Shape: Ex. deltoid (triangular)

Function: Ex. masseter

Front 3

Muscles of Head & Neck

Occipitofrontalis:

Orbicularis oculi:

Orbicularis oris:

Zygomaticus:

Masseter:

Back 3

Occipitofrontalis: raises eyebrows (forehead)

Orbicularis oculi: allows blinking (eyes)

Orbicularis oris: kissing muscle (mouth)

Zygomaticus: smiling muscle (cheek)

Masseter: chewing (mastication) muscle

Front 4

Thoracic Muscles

External intercostals:

Internal intercostals:

Diaphragm:

Back 4

External intercostals: elevate ribs for inspiration

Internal intercostals: depress ribs during forced expiration

Diaphragm: moves during quiet breathing

Front 5

Abdominal Wall Muscles

Rectus abdominis:

External abdominal oblique:

Internal abdominal oblique:

Transverse abdominis:

Back 5

Rectus abdominis:

- center of abdomen

- compresses abdomen

External abdominal oblique:

- sides of abdomen

- compresses abdomen

Internal abdominal oblique:

compresses abdomen

Transverse abdominis:

compresses abdomen

Front 6

Upper Limb Muscles

Trapezius:

Pectoralis major:

Serratus anterior:

Deltoid:

Triceps brachii:

Biceps brachii:

Brachialis:

Latissimus dorsi:

Back 6

Trapezius:

- shoulders and upper back

- extends neck and head

Pectoralis major:

- chest

- elevates ribs

Serratus anterior:

- between ribs

- elevates ribs

Deltoid:

- shoulder

- abductor or upper limbs

Triceps brachii:

- 3 heads

- extends elbow

Biceps brachii:

- “flexing muscle”

- flexes elbow and shoulder

Brachialis:

-flexes elbow

Latissimus dorsi:

- lower back

- extends shoulder

Front 7

Muscles of Hips and Thighs

Iliopsoas:

Gluteus maximus:

Gluteus medius:

Back 7

Iliopsoas: flexes hip

Gluteus maximus: - buttocks - extends hip and abducts thigh

Gluteus medius: - hip - abducts and rotates thigh

Front 8

Muscles of Upper Leg

Quadriceps: (Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, Vastus intermedius)

Gracilis:

Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus:

Back 8

Quadriceps (femoris, 4 thigh muscles)

1. Rectus femoris:

- front of thigh

- extends knee and flexes hip

2. Vastus lateralis: extends knee

3. Vastus medialis: extends knee

4. Vastus intermedius: extends knee

Gracilis: adducts thigh and flexes knee

Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus:

- hamstring - back of thigh

- flexes knee, rotates leg, extends hip

Front 9

Muscles of Lower Leg

Tibialis anterior:

Gastrocnemius:

Soleus:

Back 9

Tibialis anterior:

- front of lower leg

- inverts foot

Gastrocnemius:

- calf

- flexes foot and leg

Soleus:

- attaches to ankle

- flexes foot

Front 10

Cardiac Muscle Characteristics

Back 10

-Heart

-1 centrally located nucleus/cell

-Striated Rich in mitochondria

-Intercalated disks: special cell junctions that allow cells to act as a unit

Front 11

Smooth Muscle Characteristics

Back 11

-Found in organs

-1 centrally located nucleus/cell

-Not striated

-Less actin and myosin

-Under involuntary control