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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Intrinsic muscles |
Contained within a region and have both origin and insertion there |
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Extrinsic muscles |
Act upon a designated region but origin elsewhere |
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Intrinsic and extrinsic describes muscles of |
Hand, foot, tongue, larynx, back |
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Cranial nerve |
Arise from the brain Exit the skull foramina Numbered from 1 to 12 Innervate head and neck muscles |
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Spinal nerves |
Arises from the spinal cord Exit through the intervertebral foramina Named with letters and numbers (represents vertebrae) |
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International system of Latin names |
Nomina Anatomica (1895) Terminologica Anatomica (1998) |
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Size |
Gluteus maximus |
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Shape |
Deltoid |
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Location |
External intercostals |
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Number of heads |
Triceps brachii |
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Orientation |
External oblique |
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Action |
Extensor digitorum |
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Muscles of facual expression |
Small muscles that insert the dermis Found in scalp, forehead, eye, nose, mouth and neck |
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Zygomaticus |
Curls the corner of the mouth when smiling |
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Buccinator |
Keeps food on top of the mouth, and is used for blowing and sucking |
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Platysma |
Open and widen mouth, and for pouting |
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Orbicularis oris |
Encircles mouth and closes it |
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Muscles of Mastication |
Temporalis Masseter Lateral and medial pterygoid |
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Temporalis & Masseter |
Elevate mandible |
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Medial & Lateral pterygoid |
Help elevate the mandible, but produce lateral swinging of jaw (used to grind molars) |
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Muscles of respiration |
Diaphragm External and internal intercostal muscles |
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Contraction (Diaphragm & External intercostals) |
Produces inspiration |
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Contraction (internal intercostals) |
Produces forced expiration |
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Normal expiration |
Little muscle activity Elastic recoil of tissues and gravity to collapse the chest |
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Diaphragm |
Muscular dome (cover) between the thoracic and abdominal cavities |
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Muscle fascicles extend to |
Fibrous central tendon |
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Contraction (diaphragm) |
Flattens the diaphragm Increases the vertical dimension of thorax drawing air into the lungs Raises the abdominal pressure to help expel urine, feces, and facilitating childbirth |
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Muscles of the abdomen |
External & Internal oblique Transverse & Rectus abdominis |
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Functions
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Support the viscera Stabilize the vertebral column Help in respiration, urination, defecation, and childbirth |
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Transverse Abdominis
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Horizontal fascicle orientation deepest layer
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Superficial Muscles of the Back
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Trapezius Latissimus Dorsi Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Major Gluteus Medius Gluteus Maximus |
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Muscles Acting on Pectoral Girdle
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Originate on axial skeleton and insert onto clavicle or scapula |
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Anterior Muscle Group
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2 muscles
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Posterior Muscle Group
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4 muscles
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Scapular movements include
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-medial and lateral rotation -elevation and depression -protraction and retraction |
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Clavicle
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braces the shoulder and releases movement
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Pectoralis Minor
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ribs 3-5 to coracoid process of scapula protracts and depresses scapulaa lifts ribs during forceful inspiration
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Serratus Anterior
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ribs 1-9 to medial border of scapula abducts and rotates or depresses scapula the "throwing" muscles
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Four muscles
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Contains superficial and deep muscles
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Superficial muscle
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Trapezius
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Deep muscles
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rhomboideus major and minor and levator scapulae
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Trapezius |
Rotate scapula upward Retract scapula With levator scapulae and rhomboideus elevates scapula With serratus anterior depresses scapula |
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Rhomboideus |
Medical border of scapula to C7-T1(minor) and T2-T5 (major) |
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Levator scapulae |
From superior angle of scapula to C1-C4 |
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Muscles acting on the Humerus
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9 muscles cross the shoulder joint to the humerus |
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2 axial muscles arise from the axial skeleton
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pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi: prime movers of humerus in flexion and extension arise from sternum and clavicle for T7-L5 and ilium
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7 scapular muscles arise from scapula
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Deltoid (prime mover) Flexion, extension and abduction of humerus |
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Coracobrachialis
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assists in flexion
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Teres major
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assist in extension
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Remaining 4 muscles
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form rotator cuff in order to reinforce shoulder joint caapsule
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Rotator Cuff Muscles
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Supraspinatusm-> Infraspinatus-> Posterior Teres Major-> Subscapularis -> Anterior |
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Muscles of Posterior Forearm |
Extension of wrist/fingers = adduct/abduct wrist Extension and abduction of thumb (pollicis) |
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Anterior Muscles of Hip
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Iliopsoas muscle
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Illiopsoas muscle
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Crosses anterior surface of hip joint and inserts on femur Psoas portion (Psoas major) arises from lumbar vertebrae Major hip flexor |
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Ilioptibial band
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band of fascia attached to the tibia
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Deep Gluteal muscles |
Lateral rotation of the femur except the gluteus minimus which rotates femur medially Important in walking to shift body weight when foot is lifted |
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Gracilis |
Flexor of the knee |
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Adductor Magnus |
Extensor of hip joint |
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Gracilis |
Flexor of the knee |
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Pectineus, adductor brevis, and adductor longus |
Adduct the femur |
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Hamstrings |
Group of muscles posterior to the femur Flexes the knee and extend the hip - Biceps Femoris - Semitendinosus - Semimenbranosus
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Quadratus Femoris |
Adductor of hip |
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Sartorius |
Crosses over the quadriceps and is the longest muscle in the body Flexes the hip and knee in laterally rotates the thigh |
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Hamstrings |
Group of muscles posterior to the femur Flexes the knee and extend the hip - Biceps Femoris - Semitendinosus - Semimenbranosus
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Muscles of the lower leg |
Contains three compartment: interior compartment m, posterior compartment, lateral compartment |
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Anterior compartment of the leg |
Extensor digitorum longus Tibialis anterior |
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Extensor digitorum longus |
Extension of toes and ankle |
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Tibialis Anterior |
Dorsiflexes and inverts foot |
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Posterior compartment of the leg (Deep Group) |
Tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum, flexor hallucis longus and plantar flexors |
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Posterior compartment of the the leg |
(Superficial Group) Gastrocnemius Soleus |
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Lateral compartment of the leg |
Fibularis longus and brevis Both plantar flex in evert the foot Provide lift and forward thrust |
