Muscular System

Front 1

cell membrane of a skeletal muscle cell

Back 1

sarcolemma

Front 2

cytoplasm of a skeletal muscle cell

Back 2

sarcoplasm

Front 3

contractile unit in skeletal muscle

Back 3

sarcomere

Front 4

thin protein filament found in skeletal muscle

Back 4

actin

Front 5

cross-bridges in skeletal muscles are attached to these filaments

Back 5

myosin filaments

Front 6

type of muscle with spindle shaped cells, each having one nucleus

Back 6

smooth

Front 7

type of muscle with elongated mutinucleated cells

Back 7

skeletal

Front 8

neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction

Back 8

acetylcholine

Front 9

voluntary muscle

Back 9

skeletal muscle

Front 10

movement at a joint that increases the joint angle

Back 10

extension

Front 11

ion released within skeletal muscle to initiate contraction

Back 11

Ca2+

Front 12

Place of attachment of a muscle on the stationary bone in a joint

Back 12

origin

Front 13

name the 3 types of muscle tissue

Back 13

smooth, cardiac and skeletal

Front 14

involuntary muscle tissue found in hollow organs and vessels

Back 14

smooth

Front 15

involuntary muscle tissue found in the heart

Back 15

cardiac

Front 16

voluntary (and involuntary) muscle tissue that is attached to the skeleton

Back 16

skeletal

Front 17

type of muscle attachment that connects muscle to bone

Back 17

tendons

Front 18

attachment of a muscle on a stationary bone

Back 18

origin

Front 19

attachment of a muscle on a bone that moves

Back 19

insertion

Front 20

muscles that work in opposite pairs (one flexes + one extends)

Back 20

antagonistic

Front 21

muscles that work in groups for a common action (both flex or both extend)

Back 21

synergistic

Front 22

what are the muscles fibers (cells) of a whole muscle called

Back 22

fascicles

Front 23

a muscle fiber that is a long cylinder

Back 23

myofibrils

Front 24

each myofibril is made up up protein fibers that are called

Back 24

myofilaments

Front 25

what two types of protein fibers are myofilaments made up of

Back 25

actin and myosin

Front 26

the repeating units of actin and myosin found along a myofibril

Back 26

sarcomere

Front 27

the contractile unit of the skeletal muscle

Back 27

sarcomere

Front 28

what is the plasma membrane called in a skeletal muscle cell

Back 28

sarcolemma

Front 29

what is the cytoplasm in a skeletal muscle cell called

Back 29

cytoplasm

Front 30

the endoplasmic recticulum of a skeletal muscle cell is called

Back 30

sarcoplasmic recticulum

Front 31

what does the sarcoplasmic recticulum store

Back 31

calcium

Front 32

the myofilament that is thick and shaped like a golf-club in the sarcomere

Back 32

myosin

Front 33

a myofilament that is thin and found in the sarcomere

Back 33

actin

Front 34

what is the control of muscle fiber contraction called

Back 34

the stimulation at the neuromuscular junction

Front 35

what is released from the receptor on the sarcolemme of the muscle cell during the stimulation at the neuromuscular junction

Back 35

acetylcholine (ACh)

Front 36

what two fuel sources are used in the muscle during a contraction

Back 36

glycogen and fat

Front 37

what two fuel sources are used in the blood during a muscle contraction

Back 37

glucose and fatty acid

Front 38

what are the 3 sources of ATP for muscle contraction

Back 38

creatine phosphate pathway, fermentation and cellular respiration

Front 39

a source of ATP for muscle contraction; is the fastest way to acquire ATP but can only sustain a cell for approximately 10 seconds; it builds up when a muscle is resting

Back 39

creatine phosphate pathway

Front 40

a source of ATP for muscle contraction; fast-acting but results in lactate build up

Back 40

fermentation

Front 41

a source of ATP for muscle contraction; not an immediate source of ATP but is the best long term source

Back 41

cellular respiration

Front 42

this twitch relies anaerobics, is designed for strength, is light in colour, has few mitochondrion and has fewer blood vessels

Back 42

fast-twitch fibers

Front 43

this twitch relies on aerobic respiration, designed for endurance, is dark in colour, has many mitochondria and many blood vessels

Back 43

slow-twitch fibers

Front 44

this muscle is located in the occipital region of head, and moves scalp backwards

Back 44

occipitalis

Front 45

this muscle is located at the forehead and it wrinkles forehead

Back 45

frontalis

Front 46

this muscle is located at the head and neck; flexes head and neck

Back 46

sternocleidomastoid

Front 47

this muscle is location in the back; extends head

Back 47

trapezius

Front 48

this muscle is located at the upper arm; extends forearm

Back 48

triceps brachii

Front 49

this muscle is located at the butt; extends thigh

Back 49

gluteus maximus

Front 50

this muscle is located at the butt handles; flexes thigh

Back 50

Iliopsoas

Front 51

this muscle is located at the pecs; pulls arm across chest

Back 51

pectoralis major

Front 52

this muscle is located in the back; pulls arm across back

Back 52

latissimus dorsi

Front 53

this muscle is located at the shoulder; abducts shoulder

Back 53

deltoid

Front 54

this muscle is located at the thigh; extends leg

Back 54

quadriceps femoris group

Front 55

this muscle is located at the back of the leg; flexes leg

Back 55

hamstring group

Front 56

this muscle is located at the calves; extends foot

Back 56

gastrocnemius