Muscular System

Front 1

muscular system

Back 1

-involved in homeostasis

-movement of body

-maintains posture

-help maintain body temperature

Front 2

Smooth muscles

Back 2

-involuntatry

-around hollow organs and blood muscles

-spindle shaped, nonstriated uninucleated fibers

-walls of internal organs

Front 3

cardiac muscles

Back 3

-involuntary muscle found inside the heart

-striated, uninucleated fibers

-inside wall of heart

Front 4

skeletal muscles

Back 4

-striated tubular, multinucleated fibers

-usually attached to skeleton

-voluntary

Front 5

tendon

Back 5

-connective tissue that attached muscle to bone

-origin: attachment of muscle on stationary bone

-insertion: attachment of muscle on bone that moves

Front 6

Antagonistic

Back 6

-muscles that work in opposite pairs

eg. bicep tricep

Front 7

synergistic

Back 7

-muscles working together to perform one action

Front 8

structure inside a muscle

Back 8

-Muscle fibers arranged in bundles called
fascicles
– Myofibrils are bundle of myofilaments that run the length of a fiber
– Myofilaments are 2 main proteins (actin and
myosin) that are arranged in repeating units
– Sarcomeres are the repeating units of actin and
myosin found along a myofibril
– Myoblasts are the precursor cells
– Mature muscles have satellite cells serve as stem cells for this tissue

Front 9

sarcomere

Back 9

made up of two proteins

- myosin: thick filaments shaped like a golf club. motor protein that uses the energy in ATP to create movement

- actin: composes the thin filaments (micro). filaments slide over each other during muscle contraction

Front 10

moving muscles

Back 10

1. nerve impulse travels down motor neuron to neuronmusclar junction (NMJ)

2. neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is released by exocytosis, from neurons and binds to ACh receptors on the muscle fibers

3. binding stimulates fiber, causing Ca2+ to be released from scaroplamic reticula

4. released Ca2+ combines with troponin, protein associated with actin

5. tropomysosin threads around acting to shift and expose mysosin binding sites on actin

6. myson head with ADP+P associated bind to these sites

7. release of ADP+P triggers power stroke of myosin heads, pulling towards center of sacromere, contracting the muscle

8. ATP binding to myosin head group, returns head group to relaxed position, releases it from actin and cycle can repeat

Front 11

fuels for muscle contraction

Back 11

muscle: - glycogen (glucose polymer)

- triglycerides

blood: -glucose

-fatty acids

all converted to ATP

Front 12

Creatine Phosphate pathway (CP)

Back 12

-fastest way to acquire ATP

-only lasts a few seconds

-builds up when muscle is resting

Front 13

fermentation

Back 13

-fast-acting

-results in lactate acid build up, which needs to be recycled

Front 14

cellular respiration

Back 14

-dependent on O2

-not immediate source of ATP

- best longterm source

Front 15

fast twitch muscles

Back 15

-anaerobic

-explosive power

-fatigues easily

-rely on CP and fermentation

-light in color

-few mitochondria

-little or no myoglobin

-fewer blood vessels

Front 16

slow-twitch muscles

Back 16

-aerobic

-steady power

-endurance

-dark in color

-many mitochondira

-myogolin (O2 carrier)

-many blood vessels