Muscular System

Front 1

brachio-

Back 1

arm

Front 2

bracy-

Back 2

short

Front 3

bucco-

Back 3

cheeck

Front 4

cardi-, cardio-

Back 4

heart

Front 5

fascio-

Back 5

fascia, a band

Front 6

fibr-, fibro-

Back 6

fiber

Front 7

kin-, kine-, kino-

Back 7

movement, motion

Front 8

kinesi-, kinesio-, kineso-

Back 8

motion

Front 9

muscul-, musculo-

Back 9

muscle

Front 10

my-, myo-

Back 10

muscle

Front 11

platy-

Back 11

flat, broad

Front 12

pter-, ptero-

Back 12

wing, feather

Front 13

pterygo-

Back 13

wing shaped

Front 14

rhabd-, rhabdo-

Back 14

rod shaped

Front 15

sarco-

Back 15

muscle, flesh

Front 16

tendo-, teno-

Back 16

tendon

Front 17

-troph, troph-, tropho-, -trophic

Back 17

food, nutrition

Front 18

muscle cells

Back 18

microscopic thread-like structures that contract to move muscles; also called muscle fibers

Front 19

muscle tissue

Back 19

tissue composed of contractile muscle fibers

Front 20

skeletal muscle

Back 20

striated, voluntary muscle tissue attached to bones

Front 21

tendons

Back 21

tough, fibrous connective tissues that connect muscles to bones

Front 22

smooth muscle

Back 22

nonstriated, involuntary muscle tissue found lining organs and blood vessels

Front 23

peristalsis

Back 23

rhythmic waves of muscular contraction

Front 24

cardiac muscle

Back 24

striated, involuntary muscle found only in the heart

Front 25

aponeurosis

Back 25

a sheet of fibrous tissue that connects a muscle to another muscle

Front 26

fascia

Back 26

a thin sheet of fibrous connective tissue that envelops the body beneath the skin or encloses muscles or groups of muscles

Front 27

origin

Back 27

muscle end that remains fixed during contraction

Front 28

insertion

Back 28

muscle end that moves during

Front 29

atrophy

Back 29

decrease in muscle size

Front 30

hypertrophy

Back 30

increase in muscle size

Front 31

buccinator

Back 31

muscle of smiling; compresses the cheeks

Front 32

frontalis

Back 32

raises eyebrows

Front 33

masseter

Back 33

involved in mastication

Front 34

occipitalis

Back 34

retracts and tenses scalp

Front 35

orbicularis oculi

Back 35

closes eyelids

Front 36

orbicularis oris

Back 36

compresses the lips

Front 37

platysma

Back 37

stretches neck from chest to face

Front 38

pterygoid

Back 38

involved in opening and closing the jaw; grates teeth during mastication

Front 39

sternocleidomastoid

Back 39

flexes head; prayer muscle

Front 40

sternohyoid

Back 40

depresses hyoid bone and larynx

Front 41

temporalis

Back 41

closes jaw

Front 42

zygomaticus

Back 42

draws corner of mouth upward

Front 43

diaphragm

Back 43

enlarges thoracic cavity

Front 44

external oblique

Back 44

compresses abdomen; aids in posture

Front 45

intercostal

Back 45

contracts and relaxes rib cage

Front 46

internal oblique

Back 46

compresses abdomen

Front 47

latissimus dorsi

Back 47

extends and adducts upper arm

Front 48

pectoralis major

Back 48

pulls arm forward and across chest

Front 49

pectoralis minor

Back 49

moves scapula against chest

Front 50

rectus abdominis

Back 50

flexes trunk

Front 51

rhomboideus major

Back 51

raises and adducts scapula

Front 52

transversus abdominis

Back 52

compresses abdomen; aids in posture

Front 53

trapezius

Back 53

shrugs shoulders

Front 54

biceps brachii

Back 54

supinates forearm; flexes forearm

Front 55

brachialis

Back 55

flexes forearm

Front 56

brachioradialis

Back 56

flexes forearm

Front 57

deltoid

Back 57

abducts upper arm

Front 58

infraspinatus

Back 58

laterally rotates shoulder

Front 59

pronator teres

Back 59

medial arm rotation

Front 60

rotator cuff

Back 60

rotates arm muscles; includes supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis (SITS)

Front 61

subscapularis

Back 61

medially rotates shoulder

Front 62

supinator

Back 62

supinates forearm

Front 63

supraspinatus

Back 63

abducts shoulder

Front 64

teres major

Back 64

extends, adducts, and medially rotates shoulder

Front 65

teres minor

Back 65

rotates arm laterally

Front 66

triceps brachii

Back 66

extends forearm

Front 67

adductor magnus

Back 67

adducts hip; flexes and rotates leg

Front 68

biceps femoris

Back 68

moves leg

Front 69

fibularis longus

Back 69

eversion of foot and plantar flexion

Front 70

gastrocnemius

Back 70

plantar flexion

Front 71

gluteus maximus

Back 71

extends thigh

Front 72

gluteus medius

Back 72

abducts thight

Front 73

gracilis

Back 73

adducts thigh; flexes and adducts leg

Front 74

hamstring group

Back 74

flexes leg muscles, includes biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus

Front 75

quadriceps group

Back 75

extends leg muscles; includes rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis

Front 76

rectus femoris

Back 76

moves thigh

Front 77

sartorius

Back 77

flexes knee; rotates hip

Front 78

semimembranosus

Back 78

flexes knee; extends an rotates hip

Front 79

soleus

Back 79

plantar flexion

Front 80

tibialis anterior

Back 80

inverts foot

Front 81

vastus intermedius

Back 81

extends knee

Front 82

vastus lateralis

Back 82

extends knee

Front 83

vastus medialis

Back 83

extend knee

Front 84

abductors

Back 84

muscles that pull a body part away from the midline when contracted

Front 85

adductors

Back 85

muscles that pull a body part toward the midline when contracted

Front 86

extensors

Back 86

muscles that extend or straighten a limb when contracted

Front 87

flexors

Back 87

muscles that bend a limb when contracted

Front 88

myopathy

Back 88

any disease of the muscles that is inherited or acquired

Front 89

fibromyalgia

Back 89

widespread muscle and joint pain of unknown origin

Front 90

myalgia

Back 90

muscle pain

Front 91

fibrosis

Back 91

abnormal formation of fibrous tissue

Front 92

fibrositis

Back 92

inflammation of fibrous tissue causing pain and stiffness

Front 93

muscular dystrophies

Back 93

hereditary diseases marked by muscle cell degeneration

Front 94

polymyositis

Back 94

autoimmune disease characterized by muscle inflammation and atrophy

Front 95

myositis

Back 95

muscle inflammation

Front 96

electromyography

Back 96

procedure using electrodes attached to the skin or inserted into the muscle to record the electrical activity of muscle tissue

Front 97

electromyogram

Back 97

record produced by electromyography

Front 98

muscle biopsy

Back 98

muscle tissue sample taken for evaluation

Front 99

hernia

Back 99

abnormal protrusion of an organ as a result of pressure; also called a rupture

Front 100

rotator cuff injury

Back 100

injury to the four muscles of the shoulder and their associated tendons

Front 101

shin splints

Back 101

a painful inflammation of the muscles surrounding the tibia as a result of running or jogging on hard surfaces

Front 102

severed tendon

Back 102

lacerated tendon

Front 103

tenoplasty

Back 103

surgical repair of a tendon

Front 104

strain

Back 104

injury from overexertion or trauma that involves the stretching or tearing of muscle fibers

Front 105

sprain

Back 105

injury to the ligaments of a joint caused by excessive forces on the joint

Front 106

tendinits

Back 106

tendon inflammation

Front 107

ACL

Back 107

anterior cruciate ligaments

Front 108

ADLs

Back 108

activities of daily living

Front 109

BS

Back 109

bachelor of science

Front 110

CK

Back 110

creatine kinase

Front 111

CPK

Back 111

creatin phosphokinase

Front 112

CT

Back 112

computed tomography

Front 113

DM

Back 113

dermatomyositis

Front 114

DMD

Back 114

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Front 115

EMG

Back 115

electromyogram, electromyography

Front 116

MCL

Back 116

medial collateral ligament

Front 117

MDs

Back 117

muscular dystrophies

Front 118

MRI

Back 118

magnetic resonance imaging

Front 119

MS

Back 119

Master of science

Front 120

NM

Back 120

neuromuscular

Front 121

NSAID

Back 121

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

Front 122

OT

Back 122

occupational therapy

Front 123

PhD

Back 123

doctor of philosophy

Front 124

PM

Back 124

polymyositis

Front 125

PT

Back 125

physical therapy

Front 126

PTA

Back 126

physical therapy assistant

Front 127

ROM

Back 127

range of motion

Front 128

SITS

Back 128

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis muscles (four rotator cuff muscles)

Front 129

WFL

Back 129

within functional limits

Front 130

WNL

Back 130

within normal limits