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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A flat tendon is called...
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aponeurosis
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What structure of a muscle is NOT fibrous?
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Sacrolemma = bilipid membrane ~ cell membrane
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diarthrotic joints are...
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capable of free mvmts
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The contraction of skeletal muscle depends on the ___________ nerve impulses from the motor neurons located in the _____
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The contraction of skeletal muscle depends on the ELECTROCHEMICAL nerve impulses from the motor neurons located in the CEREBRUM
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Coordination is regulated by the ___
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cerebellum
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Muscle tone is regulated by the ____
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cerebellum
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For Conscious Muscle sense, impulses are integrated in the parietal lobes of the _______
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Cerebrum
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For Unconscious Muscle sense, impulses are integrated in the _____
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Cerebellum
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The direct source of Energy for muscles comes from...
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ATP
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Secondary Energy sources for muscle are from (stored forms)...
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Creatine phosphate --> ATP
and Glycogen --> glucose + O2 -->ATP |
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State the 2 oxygen carriers
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hemoglobin & myoglobin
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Tetanus bacteria aka...
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clostridium tetani
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If untreated tetanus the cause of death is...
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spasm of the respiratory muscle
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lock jaw, the Common Name for tetanus, indicates one of the first systems, which is difficulty opening the mouth because of spasms of the _____
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masseter muscles
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Botulism bacteria aka
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clostridium botulinum
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Botulism bac prevents release of ___ at the _____. Thus acts on...
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Clostridum botulinum prevents the release of Ach at the neuromuscular junction. Thus acts on the nerve.
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early symptoms of botulism include:
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blurred or double vision and difficulty speaking or swallowing.
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Like tetanus, botulism is fatal bc of ...
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paralysis of the respiratory muscles (weakness/paralysis spreads to all voluntary muscles.
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Describe Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
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Duchenne's results in a loss of muscle fxn that affects BOTH skeletal and cardiac muscle. Death usually occurs b4 age 20.
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what type of disease is Duchenne's muscular dystrophy?
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sex-linked (or x-linked) trait...the gene is on the X chromosome and is recessive
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The muscular dystrophy gene on the x- chromosome is called
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dystrophin
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Dystrophin is necessary for...
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stability of sarcolemma and the proper movement of ions.
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Describe myasthenia gravis:
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an autoimmune disorder characterized by extreme muscle fatigue even after minimal exertion
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in myasthenia gravis, the autoantibodies (self-antibodies) destroy the...
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Ach receptors on the sarcolemma
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Treatment of myasthenia gravis may involve
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anticholinsterase meds
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when are intramuscular injections conducted?
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when rapid absorption is needed (muscle has good blood supply)
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What are the common sites for intramuscular injections?
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- vastus lateralis (thigh)
- gluteus medius (buttox) - deltoid (shoulder) |
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Which nerves should be avoided during intramuscular injections?
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sciatic nerve and radial nerve
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The _____ muscle raises the shoulder and can extend the head.
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Trapezius
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_________ muscle pulls the arm across the chest (flexion & extension)
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Pectoralis Major
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The ______ pulls the arm downward and behind the back (extension and adduction)
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Latissimus dorsi
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These muscles are involved in breathing...
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Intercostal muscles
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