Muscles-Thoracic, Hypaxial And Epaxial

Front 1

Omotransverarius

Back 1

Attachment 1: Distal spine of scapula (Clavicular Intersect. in Horse)
Attachment 2: Wing of the atlas
Action: Advance limb or turn neck
Innervation: Accessory Nerve

Front 2

Trapezius Cervical and thoracic

Back 2

Attachment 1: Prox. spine of scalpula
Attachment 2: Dorsal Raphe
Action: Elevate, Abduct scapula
Innervation: Accessory Nerve

Front 3

Cleido-mastoideus

Back 3

Attachment 1: Clavicular Intersection
Attachment 2: Mastoid process
Action: Advance Limb or turn head
Innervation: Accessory Nerve and Ventral Branches of cerv. Spinal nerves

Front 4

Cleido-cervicalis (in dogs)

Back 4

Attachment 1:Clavicular Intersection
Attachment 2: Dorsal Cervical Raphe
Action: Advance Limb or turn head
Innervation: Accessory Nerve and Ventral Branches of cerv. Spinal nerves

Front 5

Cleido-occipitalis (large animals)

Back 5

Attachment 1:Clavicular Intersection
Attachment 2: Nuchal Crest
Action: Advance Limb or turn head
Innervation: Accessory Nerve and Ventral Branches of cerv. Spinal nerves

Front 6

Sternothyroideus

Back 6

Attachment 1: Costal Cartilage 1
Attachment 2: Thyroid cartilage
Action: Pull larynx caudally
Innervation: Ventral Branches of cerv. Spinal nerves

Front 7

Cleidobrachialis

Back 7

Attachment 1: Cranial humerus
Attachment 2: Clavicular Intersect.
Action: Advance Limb or Turn head
Innervation: Accessory Nerve and Ventral Branches of cerv. Spinal nerves

Front 8

Sternocephalicus Pars Mastoideus

Back 8

Attachment 1: Manubrium
Attachment 2: Mastoid Process
Action: Turn head
Innervation: Accessory Nerve and Ventral Branches of cerv. Spinal nerves

Front 9

Sternocephalicus Pars occipitalis

Back 9

Attachment 1: Manubrium
Attachment 2: Nuchal crest
Action:Turn head
Innervation: Accessory Nerve and Ventral Branches of cerv. Spinal nerves

Front 10

Sternocephalicus Pars zygomaticus

Back 10

Attachment 1: Manubrium
Attachment 2: Zygomatic arch
Action: Turn head
Innervation: Accessory Nerve and Ventral Branches of cerv. Spinal nerves

Front 11

Sternocephalicus Pars Mandibularis

Back 11

Attachment 1: Manubrium
Attachment 2: Angle of the mandible
Action: Turn head
Innervation: Accessory Nerve and Ventral Branches of cerv. Spinal nerves

Front 12

Sternohyoideus

Back 12

Attachment 1: Manubrium
Attachment 2: Basihyoid bone
Action: Pull tongue and larynx caudally
Innervation: Ventral Branches of cerv. Spinal nerves

Front 13

Deep Pectoral

Back 13

Attachment 1: Sternum
Attachment 2: Greater and lesser tubercles of humerus
Action: Pull limb back
Innervation: Caudal Pectoral Nerves

Front 14

Subclavius

Back 14

Attachment 1: Sternum
Attachment 2: Aponeurosis and fascia at cranial angle of scapula
Action: Rotates scalpula, moves limb caudally
Innervation: Caudal Pectoral Nerves

Front 15

Transverse Superficial Pectoral

Back 15

Attachment 1: Cranial Sternum
Attachment 2: Crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus (antebrachial fascia in LA)
Action: Adduct limb
Innervation: Cranial Pectoral Nerves

Front 16

Descending Superficial Pectoral

Back 16

Attachment 1: Cranial Sternum
Attachment 2: Crest of the greater tubercle of humerus
Action: Adduct limb
Innervation: Cranial Pectoral Nerves

Front 17

Splenius

Back 17

Attachment 1: Dorsoscapular ligament (H) spinous processes of T1-3 and nuchal ligament(R) Thoracolumbar fascia/dorsal raphe (D)
Attachment 2: Nuchal crest, mastoid process, and TP of cranial cervical vertebrae
Action: Extensors of spine
Innervation: Dorsal branches of cervical and thoracic spinal nerves

Front 18

Longissimus Capitis

Back 18

Attachment 1: T 1-3
Attachment 2: Mastoid Process
Action: Extensors of the neck
Innervation: Dorsal branches of cervical and thoracic spinal nerves

Front 19

Longissimus Cervicis

Back 19

Attachment 1: Angle between cervical and thoracic vertebrae
Attachment 2: Transverse processes of caudal cervical vertebrae
Action: Extensors of the neck
Innervation: Dorsal branches of cervical spinal nerves

Front 20

Longissimus Atlantis (in LA)

Back 20

Attachment 1: Longissimus Thoracis
Attachment 2: Wing of atlas
Action: Extensors of the neck
Innervation: Dorsal branches of cervical spinal nerves

Front 21

Semispinalis Capitis Biventer cervicis & complexus (in dogs)

Back 21

Attachment 1: Thor. Vertebrae and Cerv. Vetebrae
Attachment 2: Occipital bone (LA), Caudal skull (Biventer), Nuchal crest (Complexus) "back of the skull"
Action: Extensors of neck
Innervation: Dorsal branches of cervical spinal nerves

Front 22

Transversospinalis system

Back 22

Attachment 1: Sacrum
Attachment 2: Splenius and semispinalis capitis
Action: Extensors of Vertebral column
Innervation: Dorsal branches of local spinal nerves

Front 23

Longissimus System

Back 23

Attachment 1: Wing of ilium
Attachment 2: Longissimus cervicis and capitis
Action: Extensors of vertebral column
Innervation: Dorsal branches of local spinal nerves

Front 24

Iliocostalis system

Back 24

Attachment 1: Wing of ilium
Attachment 2: Transverse processes of lumbar vert., ribs, TP of cerv. Vert.
Action: Extensors of vertebral column
Innervation: Dorsal branches of local spinal nerves

Front 25

Intertransversarius

Back 25

Attachment 1: Transverse processes of vertebrae
Attachment 2:
Action: Stabilize the vertebral column, some lateral bending of the trunk
Innervation: Dorsal branches of spinal nerves (Dorsal and ventral in cerv.)

Front 26

Cutaneous Colli (Horses and dogs)

Back 26

Attachment 1: Cartilage of manubrium
Attachment 2: Cervical fascia and skin
Action: Twitch skin
Innervation: Facial Nerve

Front 27

Cutaneous Omobrachialis (Absent in carnivores)

Back 27

Attachment 1: Skin and fascia of the shoulder, brachium and antebrachium
Attachment 2:
Action: Twitch skin
Innervation: Lateral thoracic nerve

Front 28

Cutaneous Trunci

Back 28

Attachment 1: Skin fascia
Attachment 2: Medial side of brachium
Action: Twitch skin
Innervation: Lateral thoracic nerve

Front 29

Internal Abdominal Obliques

Back 29

Attachment 1: Thoracolumbar fascia and ribs
Attachment 2: linea alba, prepubic tendon, & tuber coxae
Action: Aid in urination, defecation, parturition, & respiration. Compress abdominal cavity and support body wall
Innervation: Ventral branches of thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves

Front 30

Transversus Abdominus

Back 30

Attachment 1: Thoracolumbar fascia and ribs
Attachment 2: Linea alba
Action: Aid in urination, defecation, parturition, & respiration. Compress abdominal cavity & support body wall
Innervation: Ventral branches of thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves

Front 31

Latissimus Dorsi

Back 31

Attachment 1: Thoracolumbar fascia
Attachment 2: Teres major Tuberosity
Action: Draw limb caudally
Innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve

Front 32

Longus Colli

Back 32

Attachment 1: Ventral surfaces of vertebral bodies from T6 to Atlas
Attachment 2:
Action: Flexion of the neck
Innervation: Ventral branches of cervical and thoracic spinal nerves

Front 33

Rhomboideus

Back 33

Attachment 1: Dorsal Raphe, nuchal crest
Attachment 2: Dorsomedial scapula
Action: Elevate limb, adduct scapula
Innervation: Ventral branches of cervical and thoracic spinal nerves

Front 34

Longus Capitis

Back 34

Attachment 1: Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
Attachment 2: Base of the skull
Action: Flexion of the neck
Innervation: Ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves

Front 35

Omohyoideus (horses only)

Back 35

Attachment 1: Subscapular fascia near shoulder joint
Attachment 2: Basihyoid bone
Action: Retract tongue
Innervation: Ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves

Front 36

Scalenus

Back 36

Attachment 1: Transverse proc. of last few cervical vert
Attachment 2: 1st few ribs
Action: Inspiration, or flex neck laterally
Innervation: Ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves

Front 37

Serratus Ventralis

Back 37

Attachment 1: Serrated face of medial scapula
Attachment 2: Transverse processes of C3-7, Ribs of T1-8
Action: Depress scapula, sling to support the body
Innervation: Ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves AND long thoracic nerve

Front 38

Rectus Abdominus

Back 38

Attachment 1: Pecten Ossis Pubis
Attachment 2: Aponeurosis with Rectus Thoracis
Action: Increase abdominal pressure and flex trunk
Innervation: Ventral branches of lumbar spinal nerves

Front 39

External Abdominal Obliques

Back 39

Attachment 1: Thoracolumbar fascia and ribs
Attachment 2: linea alba, prepubic tendon, medial femoral fascia, body of ilium & tuber coxae
Action: Aid in urination, defecation, parturition, & respiration. Compress abdominal cavity & support body wall
Innervation: Ventral branches of thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves

Front 40

Serratus Dorsalis Caudalis

Back 40

Attachment 1: Thoracolumbar fascia
Attachment 2: Caudal faces of caudal ribs
Action: Expiration
Innervation: Ventral branches of thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves

Front 41

External Intercostals

Back 41

Attachment 1: Proximal caudal surface of rib
Attachment 2: Cranial & lateral surface of succeeding rib
Action: Inspiration
Innervation: Ventral branches of thoracic spinal nerves

Front 42

Internal Intercostals

Back 42

Attachment 1: Proximal cranial surface of rib
Attachment 2: Distal caudal surface of preceding rib
Action: Expiration
Innervation: Ventral branches of thoracic spinal nerves

Front 43

Rectus Thoracis

Back 43

Attachment 1: Rib 1
Attachment 2: Aponeurosis on Rib 4 or 5
Action: Increase abdominal pressure and flex trunk
Innervation: Ventral branches of thoracic spinal nerves

Front 44

Serratus Dorsalis Cranialis

Back 44

Attachment 1: Thoracolumbar fascia
Attachment 2: Cranial face of cranial ribs
Action: Inspiration
Innervation: Ventral branches of thoracic spinal nerves

Front 45

Transverse Thoracis

Back 45

Attachment 1: Midline of sternum (inside rib cage)
Attachment 2: Costochondral junctions & ventral part of ribs
Action: Expiration and holding ribs together
Innervation: Ventral branches of thoracic spinal nerves

Front 46

Psoas Minor

Back 46

Attachment 1: Thoracolumbar vertebral bodies
Attachment 2: Hip bone
Action: stabilize back
Innervation: Ventral branches of thoracic & lumbar spinal nerves

Front 47

Psoas Major

Back 47

Attachment 1: Lumbar vertebra (transverse proc. & bodies)
Attachment 2: Lesser trochanter
Action: flex hip
Innervation: Ventral branches of lumbar spinal nerves & femoral nerv.

Front 48

Iliacus

Back 48

Attachment 1: Wings of ilium & sacrum
Attachment 2: Lesser trochanter
Action: flex hip
Innervation: Ventral branches of lumbar spinal nerves & femoral nerv.

Front 49

Quadratus Lumborum

Back 49

Attachment 1: Ribs & lumbar transverse proc.
Attachment 2: transverse proc. & wing of ilium
Action: stabilize loin
Innervation: Ventral branches of thoracic & lumbar spinal nerves

Front 50

"Omotransversarius" (in horse)

Back 50

Attachment 1: Clavicular intersection
Attachment 2: Wing of the atlas
Action: Advance limb or turn neck
Innervation: Accessory Nerve

Front 51

Cutaneous Platysma

Back 51

Attachment 1: Superficial fascia of the neck
Attachment 2: Superficial fascia of the face
Action: Twitch skin
Innervation: Facial nerve

Front 52

DOG Divisions of Brachiocephalicus

Back 52

Cleidobrachialis; Pars Mastoideus & Pars Cervicalis

Front 53

DOG Divisions of Sternocephalicus

Back 53

Sterno-occipitalis & Sternomastoideus

Front 54

COW Divisions of Brachiocephalicus

Back 54

Cleidobrachialis; Pars Mastoideus & Pars Occipitalis

Front 55

COW Divisions of Sternocephalicus

Back 55

Sternomandibularis & Sternomastoideus

Front 56

GOAT Divisions of Brachiocephalicus

Back 56

Cleidobrachialis; Pars Mastoideus & Pars Occipitalis

Front 57

GOAT Divisions of Sternocephalicus

Back 57

Sternozygomaticus & Sternomastoideus

Front 58

HORSE Divisions of Brachiocephalicus

Back 58

Cleidobrachialis; Pars Mastoideus & "Omotransversarius"

Front 59

HORSE Divisions of Sternocephalicus

Back 59

Sternomandibularis ONLY

Front 60

SHEEP & PIG Divisions of Brachiocephalicus

Back 60

Cleidobrachialis; Pars Mastoideus & Pars Occipitalis

Front 61

SHEEP & PIG Divisions of Sternocephalicus

Back 61

Sternomastoideus ONLY