Muscles Of The Upper Limb: Origins, Insertions And Actions

Front 1

Pectoralis major

Back 1

from clavicle, sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages and aponeurosis of external oblique muscle
to crista tuberculi majoris (crest of greater tubercle on humerus)

Hint 1

adduction and medial rotation of humerus
draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly

Front 2

Pectoralis minor

Back 2

from 3rd-5th ribs (near costal cartilages)
to medial border of coracoid process

Hint 2

draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly against thoracic wall
elevates ribs (forced breathing)

Front 3

Subclavius

Back 3

from first rib
to subclavian groove (inferior surface)

Hint 3

anchors and depresses (lateral end of) clavicle

Front 4

Serratus anterior

Back 4

from outer surfaces and upper borders of the upper 8 ribs
to medial border of scapula
(runs beneath scapula)

Hint 4

protracts and rotates the scapula along the thoracic wall

Front 5

Trapezius

Back 5

from midline ligaments and bony structures (occipital bone, down to thoracic vertebra T12)
to lateral third of clavicle, acromion and scapular spine

Hint 5

adducts, rotates, elevates and depresses the scapula
(superior, middle and inferior, fibers)

Front 6

Rhomboid minor

Back 6

from vertebral spines (C7-T1)
to medial end of scapular spine

Hint 6

retract scapula and rotate it to depress glenoid cavity
fixes scapula to thoracic wall

Front 7

Rhomboid major

Back 7

from vertebral spines (T2-T5)
to medial border of posterior scapula (from spine of scapula to inferior angle)

Hint 7

retract scapula and rotate it to depress glenoid cavaity
fix scapula to thoracic wall

Front 8

Levator scapulae

Back 8

from transverse processes of C1-4
to superior portion of medial border (posterior) of scapula

Hint 8

elevates scapula
tilts glenoid cavity inferiorly via rotation

Front 9

Latissimus dorsi

Back 9

from vertebral column (T7-sacrum), iliac crest, lower ribs (9-12), inferior angle of scapula (posterior)
to floor of intertubercular sulcus

Hint 9

extends, adducts and medially rotates humerus
depresses scapula (small slip of origin)

Front 10

Supraspinatus

Back 10

from supraspinous fossa
to superior (proximal) facet of greater tubercle

Hint 10

Abducts humerus (helps deltoid)
[part of rotator cuff]

Front 11

Infraspinatus

Back 11

from infraspinous fossa
to middle facet of greater tubercle

Hint 11

rotates humerus laterally
[part of rotator cuff]

Front 12

Teres minor

Back 12

from middle part of lateral border (posterior) of scapula
to inferior (distal) facet of greater tubercle

Hint 12

lateral rotation of the humerus
[part of rotator cuff]

Front 13

Subscapularis

Back 13

from subscapular fossa
to lesser tubercle of humerus

Hint 13

Medial rotation and adduction of humerus
[part of rotator cuff]

Front 14

Deltoid

Back 14

from lateral third of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
to deltoid tuberosity (lateral)

Hint 14

Abducts/adducts, flexes/extends, rotates humerus medially/laterally

Front 15

Teres major

Back 15

from inferior angle (dorsal) of scapula
to crest of lesser tubercle (medial lip)

Hint 15

Adducts and rotates humerus medially

Front 16

Coracobrachialis

Back 16

from tip of coracoid process (fused with short head of biceps)
to middle third of medial surface of humerus (crest of lesser tubercle)

Hint 16

flexes and adducts humerus

Front 17

Biceps brachii

Back 17

Long head: long tendon through shoulder joint from supraglenoid tubercle
Short head: short tendon from top of coracoid process
Insertion: posterior surface of radial tuberosity and antebrachial fascia via bicipital aponeurosis
Note: no insertion into humerus

Hint 17

Supination of forearm
when supine, flexion of forearm

Front 18

Brachialis

Back 18

from distal half of anterior surface of humerus
to coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna

Front 19

Triceps brachii

Back 19

Long head: infraglenoid tubercle
Lateral head: posterior surface of humerus (superior to radial groove)
Medial head: posterior surface of humerus (inferior to radial groove)
Insertion: proximal end of olecranon of ulna and forearm facsia

Front 20

Anconeus

Back 20

From lateral epicondyle of humerus
to lateral surface of olecranon and superior part of posterior surface of ulna

Front 21

Pronator teres

Back 21

from medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
to middle of lateral surface of radius (pronator tuberosity)

Front 22

Flexor carpi radialis

Back 22

from medial epicondyle of humerus
to base of 2nd metacarpal

Front 23

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Back 23

Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus
Ulnar head: olecranon and posterior border of ulna
Insertion: Pisiform, hook of hamate and 5th metacarpal

Front 24

Palmaris longus

Back 24

from medial epicondyle of humerus
to distal half of flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

Front 25

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Back 25

Humeroulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus, ulnar collateral ligament and coronoid process
Radial head: superior half of anterior border of radius
Insertion: bodies of middle phalanges of medial four digits

Front 26

Flexor digitorum profundus

Back 26

from proximal three quarters of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and adjacent interosseous membrane
to base of distal phalanges of medial four digits

Front 27

Flexor pollicis longus

Back 27

from anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane
to base of distal phalanx of thumb

Front 28

Pronator quadratus

Back 28

from distal fourth of anterior surface of ulna
to distal fourth of anterior surface of radius

Front 29

Brachioradialis

Back 29

from proximal two thirds of lateral supraepicondylar ridge
to lateral surface of distal end of radius

Front 30

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Back 30

from lateral supraepicondylar ridge
to base of second metacarpal

Front 31

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Back 31

from lateral epicondyle
to base of third metacarpal

Front 32

Extensor digitorum

Back 32

from lateral epicondyle to extensor expansions of medial four digits

Front 33

Extensor digiti minimi

Back 33

from lateral epicondyle
to extensor expansion of fifth digit

Front 34

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Back 34

from lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna
to base of fifth metacarpal bone

Front 35

Supinator

Back 35

from lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral and anular ligaments, supinator fossa and crest of ulna
to lateral, posterior and anterior surfaces of proximal third of radius

Front 36

Abductor pollicis longus

Back 36

from posterior surfaces of ulna, radius and interosseous membrane
to base of first metacarpal bone

Front 37

Extensor pollicis brevis

Back 37

from posterior surface of radius and insterosseous membrane
to base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Front 38

Extensor pollicis longus

Back 38

from posterior surface of middle third of ulna and interosseous membrane
to base of distal phalanx of thumb

Front 39

Extensor indicis

Back 39

from distal posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
to extensor expansion of second digit

Front 40

Abductor pollicis brevis

Back 40

from flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
to lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Front 41

Flexor pollicis brevis

Back 41

from flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament) and tubercle of trapezium
to lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Front 42

Opponens pollicis

Back 42

from flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament) and tubercle of trapezium
to lateral side of first metacarpal

Front 43

Adductor pollicis

Back 43

Oblique head: bases of second and third metacarpals, capitate, and adjacent carpal bones
Transverse head: anterior surface of body of third metacarpal
Insertion: medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Front 44

Abductor digiti minimi

Back 44

from pisiform
to medial side of base of phalanx of digit 5

Front 45

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Back 45

from hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament)
to medial side of base of phalanx of digit 5

Front 46

Opponenss digiti minimi

Back 46

from hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament)
to medial border of fifth metacarpal

Front 47

Lumbricals 1 and 2

Back 47

from lateral two tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
to lateral sides of extensor expansions of digits 2-5

Front 48

Lumbricals 3 and 4

Back 48

from medial three tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
to lateral sides of extensor expansions of digits 2-5

Front 49

Dorsal interossei 1-4

Back 49

from adjacent sides of two metacarpals (dorsal)
to extensor expansions and bases of proximal phalanges of digits 2-4

Front 50

Dorsal interossei 1-3

Back 50

from palmar surfaces of second, fourth, and fifth metacarpals (palmar)
to extensor expansions of digits and bases of proximal phalanges of digits 2, 4, and 5