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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Agonist muscle
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Prime mover; primary muscle for generation of particular movement
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Antagonist muscle
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muscle with action opposite that of agonist
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Synergist muscle
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has similar action as agonist muscle; assists agonist
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Fixator muscle
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stabilizes (fixes) more proximal body region (particularly the are of origin for the agonist muscle) as agonist produces movement at a distal joint
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Origin
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more proximal, more medial, or less movable attachment point of a muscle
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Insertion
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more distal, more lateral, or more movable attachment point
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Tendon
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dense connective tissue; attaches muscle to bone, muscle to skin, muscle to mucous membrane, or muscle to muscle
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Aponeurosis
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a broad, flat tendon
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Sphincter
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muscle inserts onto itself (forms circular muscle layer) controls passage of material
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Raphe
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line along which muscles from either side insert into each other (usually at midline of body)
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Flexion
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anterior or bending movement
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Extension
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posterior or straightening movement
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Abduction
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moving away from midline
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Adduction
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moving medially
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Circumduction
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combination of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction
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Dorsiflexion
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lifting ball of foot off of ground (on heel)
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Plantar flexion
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lifting hell of foot off of ground (on toes)
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Eversion
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angling foot so that sole of foot faces away from midline
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Inversion
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angling foot so that sole of foot faces toward midline of body
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Subpubic angle
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angle between ischiopubic rami
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Where is gluteus maximus muscle located?
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crosses posterior side of hip joint
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Gluteus maximus m. is covered by ?
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gluteal fascia
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Origin of gluteus maximus m.?
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posterior ilium, posterior sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament
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Insert of gluteus maximus m.?
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gluteal tuberosity of femur (25%) and iliotibial tract of fascial lata (50%)
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Iliotibial tract runs down ________ and attaches to _____ of femur and _____ of tibia (just below lateral knee)
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lateral thigh; linea aspera; lateral condyle
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3 Actions of Gluteus maximus m.
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-chief extensor of thigh at hip joint
-with foot planted, extends trunk at hip joint -keeps knee joint locked when in standing position |
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Where is Gluteus medius m. located?
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crosses lateral side of hip joint; also anterior and deep to gluteus maximus (only partially covered by glueteus maximus m.)
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Origin of Gluteus medius m.?
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posterior-lateral ilium
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Insert of Gluteus medius m.?
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greater trochanter of femur
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Action of Gluteus medius m.?
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abducts thigh at hip joint
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Where is the Gluteus minimus m. located?
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crosses lateral side of hip joint; deep to gluteus medius m.
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Origin of Gluteus minimus m.?
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posterior-lateral ilium (deep to gluteus medius)
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Insert of Gluteus minimus m.?
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greater trochanter of femur
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Action of Gluteus minimus m.?
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abducts thigh (same as Gluteus medius)
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Origin of Tensor Faciae Latae m.?
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anterior superior iliac spine
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Insert of Tensor fasciae latae m.?
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iliotibial tract (with gluteus maximus)
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Action of Tensor fasciae latae m.?
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stabilizes (locks) knee joint when standing
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The deep posterior hip muscles - the lateral rotator muscles are all located ?
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-deep to gluteus maximus m.
-cross posterior side of hip joint, running medial to lateral |
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Origin of Piriformis muscle?
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anterior surface of sacrum (inside pelvis) -- exits via greater sciatic foramen
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Insert of Piriformis m.?
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greater trochanter of femur
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Action of Piriformis m.?
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lateral rotation of thigh
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Origin of Obturator Internus m.?
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internal (pelvic) margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane -- exits pelvis via lesser sciatic foramen - muscle makes a 90degree bend as it exits pelvis
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Insert of Obturator internus m.?
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greater trochanter of femur
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Action of Obturator internus m.?
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lateral rotator of thigh
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Origin of Superior and inferior gemellus muscles?
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ischium, above and below lesser sciatic notch (above and below tendon of obturator internus m., after it exits through lesser sciatic foramen)
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Insert of Superior and inferior gemellus muscles?
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greater trochanter of femur (with tendon of obturator internus muscle)
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Action of superior and inferior gemellus muscles?
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lateral rotators of thigh
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Origin of Quadratus Femoris m.?
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ischial tuberosity
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Insert of quadratus femoris m.?
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base of grater trochanter on posterior femur
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Action of quadratus femoris m.?
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powerful lateral rotator of thigh
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Obturator Externus muscle is found where?
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deep to muscles of medial thigh
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Origin of Obturator Externus m.?
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external margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
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Insert of obturator externus m.?
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greater trochanter (muscle runs medial to lateral, crossing hip joint posterior to neck of femur)
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Action of obturator externus m.?
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lateral rotator of thigh
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The iliopsoas muscle is a combination of what muscles?
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psoas major and iliacus muscles
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Origin of psoas major m.?
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T12-L5 vertebrae (runs down posterior wall of abdominal and pelvic cavities)
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Origin of iliacus muscle?
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iliac fossa (inside false pelvic cavity)
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Insert of iliopsoas m.?
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iliacus and psoas major m. fuse into single common tendon (iliopsoas muscle after crossing under inguinal ligament) - inserts onto lesser trochanter of femur
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Action of iliopsoas m.?
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primary flexor of thigh at hip joint; also flexes trunk when thigh is immobilized
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