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59 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Agonist muscle
Prime mover; primary muscle for generation of particular movement
Antagonist muscle
muscle with action opposite that of agonist
Synergist muscle
has similar action as agonist muscle; assists agonist
Fixator muscle
stabilizes (fixes) more proximal body region (particularly the are of origin for the agonist muscle) as agonist produces movement at a distal joint
Origin
more proximal, more medial, or less movable attachment point of a muscle
Insertion
more distal, more lateral, or more movable attachment point
Tendon
dense connective tissue; attaches muscle to bone, muscle to skin, muscle to mucous membrane, or muscle to muscle
Aponeurosis
a broad, flat tendon
Sphincter
muscle inserts onto itself (forms circular muscle layer) controls passage of material
Raphe
line along which muscles from either side insert into each other (usually at midline of body)
Flexion
anterior or bending movement
Extension
posterior or straightening movement
Abduction
moving away from midline
Adduction
moving medially
Circumduction
combination of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction
Dorsiflexion
lifting ball of foot off of ground (on heel)
Plantar flexion
lifting hell of foot off of ground (on toes)
Eversion
angling foot so that sole of foot faces away from midline
Inversion
angling foot so that sole of foot faces toward midline of body
Subpubic angle
angle between ischiopubic rami
Where is gluteus maximus muscle located?
crosses posterior side of hip joint
Gluteus maximus m. is covered by ?
gluteal fascia
Origin of gluteus maximus m.?
posterior ilium, posterior sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament
Insert of gluteus maximus m.?
gluteal tuberosity of femur (25%) and iliotibial tract of fascial lata (50%)
Iliotibial tract runs down ________ and attaches to _____ of femur and _____ of tibia (just below lateral knee)
lateral thigh; linea aspera; lateral condyle
3 Actions of Gluteus maximus m.
-chief extensor of thigh at hip joint
-with foot planted, extends trunk at hip joint
-keeps knee joint locked when in standing position
Where is Gluteus medius m. located?
crosses lateral side of hip joint; also anterior and deep to gluteus maximus (only partially covered by glueteus maximus m.)
Origin of Gluteus medius m.?
posterior-lateral ilium
Insert of Gluteus medius m.?
greater trochanter of femur
Action of Gluteus medius m.?
abducts thigh at hip joint
Where is the Gluteus minimus m. located?
crosses lateral side of hip joint; deep to gluteus medius m.
Origin of Gluteus minimus m.?
posterior-lateral ilium (deep to gluteus medius)
Insert of Gluteus minimus m.?
greater trochanter of femur
Action of Gluteus minimus m.?
abducts thigh (same as Gluteus medius)
Origin of Tensor Faciae Latae m.?
anterior superior iliac spine
Insert of Tensor fasciae latae m.?
iliotibial tract (with gluteus maximus)
Action of Tensor fasciae latae m.?
stabilizes (locks) knee joint when standing
The deep posterior hip muscles - the lateral rotator muscles are all located ?
-deep to gluteus maximus m.
-cross posterior side of hip joint, running medial to lateral
Origin of Piriformis muscle?
anterior surface of sacrum (inside pelvis) -- exits via greater sciatic foramen
Insert of Piriformis m.?
greater trochanter of femur
Action of Piriformis m.?
lateral rotation of thigh
Origin of Obturator Internus m.?
internal (pelvic) margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane -- exits pelvis via lesser sciatic foramen - muscle makes a 90degree bend as it exits pelvis
Insert of Obturator internus m.?
greater trochanter of femur
Action of Obturator internus m.?
lateral rotator of thigh
Origin of Superior and inferior gemellus muscles?
ischium, above and below lesser sciatic notch (above and below tendon of obturator internus m., after it exits through lesser sciatic foramen)
Insert of Superior and inferior gemellus muscles?
greater trochanter of femur (with tendon of obturator internus muscle)
Action of superior and inferior gemellus muscles?
lateral rotators of thigh
Origin of Quadratus Femoris m.?
ischial tuberosity
Insert of quadratus femoris m.?
base of grater trochanter on posterior femur
Action of quadratus femoris m.?
powerful lateral rotator of thigh
Obturator Externus muscle is found where?
deep to muscles of medial thigh
Origin of Obturator Externus m.?
external margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
Insert of obturator externus m.?
greater trochanter (muscle runs medial to lateral, crossing hip joint posterior to neck of femur)
Action of obturator externus m.?
lateral rotator of thigh
The iliopsoas muscle is a combination of what muscles?
psoas major and iliacus muscles
Origin of psoas major m.?
T12-L5 vertebrae (runs down posterior wall of abdominal and pelvic cavities)
Origin of iliacus muscle?
iliac fossa (inside false pelvic cavity)
Insert of iliopsoas m.?
iliacus and psoas major m. fuse into single common tendon (iliopsoas muscle after crossing under inguinal ligament) - inserts onto lesser trochanter of femur
Action of iliopsoas m.?
primary flexor of thigh at hip joint; also flexes trunk when thigh is immobilized