Muscles Of The Foot

Front 1

What is the origin for the Abductor Hallucis?

Back 1

Medial process of the calcaneal Tuberosity

Flexor Retinaculum

Plantar Aponeurosis

Intermuscular Septum between it and the flexor digitorum brevis

Front 2

Where is the insertion of the abductor hallucis?

Back 2

Medial side of the plantar surface of the base of the proximal phalanx.

The tendon is in common with the flexor hallucis brevis.

Front 3

What innervates the abductor hallucis?

Back 3

Medial Plantar Nerve

Front 4

What is the origin of the flexor digitorum brevis?

Back 4

Originates from plantar aponeurosis, medial and lateral intermuscular septa, and medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity

Front 5

Where does the flexor digitorum brevis insert?

Back 5

Runs in the same sheath as the longus until the base of the proximal phalanx then divides.

Reunites deep to the flexor digitorum longus and inserts on the middle phalanges of the the lateral 4 toes.

Front 6

What innervates the flexor digitorum brevis?

Back 6

Medial plantar Nerve

Front 7

What is a variation that can occur with the Flexor digitorum brevis?

Back 7

Tendon to the 4th digit may not be present

Front 8

Where is the origin of the abductor digiti minimi?

Back 8

Lateral and medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity as well as the depression between them.

Front 9

Where is the insertion of the abductor digiti minimi?

Back 9

Passes in the groove under the 5th met. Inserts on lateral plantar side of the base of the proximal phalanx, in common with the flexor digiti minimi brevis

Front 10

What innervates the abductor digiti minimi?

Back 10

Lateral Plantar Nerve

Front 11

What are the functions of the abductor digiti minimi?

Back 11

Abduction as well as flexion

Front 12

What variation can occur with the abductor digiti minimi?

Back 12

An accessory insertion into the base of the 5th met can occur.

Abductor os metatarsi digiti minimi

Front 13

What muscles comprise the second layer of the plantar surface of the foot?

Back 13

Quadratus Plantae

Lumbricals

Front 14

Describe the origin of the quadratus Plantae?

Back 14

Two heads separated by the long plantar ligament

Medial which is larger arises from the medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity

The lateral head arises from the lateral process of the calcaneal tuberosity

Front 15

Describe the insertion of the quadratus Plantae muscle?

Back 15

The two heads unite and insert on the tendon of the flexor digitorum longus

Front 16

What innervates the quadratus Plantae?

Back 16

Lateral Plantar Nerve

Front 17

What is the function of the Quadratus Plantae?

Back 17

Accessory flexor.

Straightens the line of pull for the digitorum longus

Front 18

What variation can occur with the quadratus Plantae?

Back 18

Either the lateral head or the whole muscle can be absent.

Front 19

Describe the origin of the lumbricals?

Back 19

Take origin from the flexor tendons.
2-4 arise from adjacent tendons. 1 is the only one arising from only the medial side.

They cross the medial side of the metatarsophalangeal joint and continue on the medial side of the digits

Front 20

Describe the insertion of the lumbricals?

Back 20

Medial surface of the extensor expansion, a little dorsal to the horizontal plane.
1 and 2 go to digits 2 and 3

3 and 4 go to 4 and 5

They form part of the wing of the extensor hood

Front 21

Describe the innervation of the lumbricals?

Back 21

First lumbrical is innervated by the medial plantar nerve

The others are innervated by the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve.

Front 22

Describe the function of the lumbricals?

Back 22

Flex the MP joints and extend interphalangeal joints

Front 23

What are some variations that can occur with the lumbricals?

Back 23

One or more can be absent

3rd or 4th may be doubled.

Can insert directly on the bone of the proximal phalanx

Front 24

What muscles are in the third layer of muscles of the foot?

Back 24

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

Adductor Hallucis (both heads)

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Front 25

Describe the origin of the lateral head of the flexor hallucis brevis?

Back 25

Arises near the peroneal groove on the cuboid, from lateral cuneiform, and some times from the long and short plantar ligaments.

Front 26

Describe the origin of the medial head of the flexor hallucis brevis?

Back 26

Deep fibers arise from the tendon of the tibialis posterior.

Superficial fibers arise from the intermuscular septum between the medial and central compartments.

Front 27

Describe the insertion of the flexor hallucis brevis?

Back 27

The medial and lateral heads fuse briefly and then form two bellies.

The medial inserts on the medial base of the proximal phalynx, medial sesamoid, and plantar pad.

Same for Lateral head.

Front 28

What innervates the flexor hallucis brevis?

Back 28

Medial Plantar Nerve

Front 29

What variation can occur with the flexor hallucis brevis?

Back 29

Origin from cuboid may be absent.

Insertion may include the base of the second digit.

Front 30

Describe the origin of the oblique head of the adductor hallucis?

Back 30

Plantar surface of the bases of the second, third, and fourth metarsals, as well as the tendon of the peroneus longus.

Front 31

Describe the origin of the transverse head?

Back 31

Plantar Plates, plantar metatarsophalangeal ligaments and from the deep transverse metatarsal ligaments.

Front 32

Where is the insertion of the Adductor hallucis?

Back 32

Lateral side of base of 1 proximal phalanx, lateral sesamoid, and plantar pad.

Same as lateral head of flexor hallucis brevis.

Front 33

What innervates the adductor hallucis?

Back 33

Deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve

Front 34

What variations can occur with the adductor hallucis?

Back 34

A portion can insert into the first met forming an opponens hallucis muscle.

Front 35

Describe the origin of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?

Back 35

Plantar surface of the base of the fifth metatarsal, tendon of peroneous longus, and plantar aponeurosis.

Front 36

Describe the insertion of the flexor digiti minimi?

Back 36

Plantar surface of proximal phalanx of 5th digit. Is in common with abductor digiti minimi.

Front 37

What innervates the flexor digiti minimi brevis?

Back 37

Superficial branch of the lateral plantar nerve

Front 38

What actions does the flexor digiti minimi brevis do?

Back 38

Flexion and abduction of 5th digit

Front 39

What variation can occur with the flexor digiti minimi brevis?

Back 39

Deep fibers can form an opponens digiti minimi

Front 40

What muscles are in the fourth layer of the foot?

Back 40

Plantar Interossei

Dorsal Interossei

Front 41

Describe the origin of the plantar interossei?

Back 41

The three interossei arise from the bases and medial sides of the shafts of the third, fourth, and fifth mets.

Front 42

Describe the insertion of the plantar interossei?

Back 42

Only attach to one bone.

All insert on the medial side of the bases of the proximal phalanges, capsule of the MP joints, and extensor expansion

Front 43

What is the innervation of the plantar interossei?

Back 43

Lateral Plantar Nerve

Deep branch serves the first and second muscles, while the superficial branch serves the third.

Front 44

What is the function of the plantar interossei?

Back 44

ADDuction of the third, fourth, and fifth digits.

Front 45

Describe the origin of the dorsal interossei?

Back 45

Adjacent sides of the metatarsals

The first from the first and second met.

Four in total

Front 46

Describe the insertion of the dorsal interossei?

Back 46

Insert on the extensor expansion of the proximal phalanx as follows.

First dorsal Int to medial side of second digit.

Second to lateral side of second digit

Third to lateral third digit

Fourth to lateral fourth

Front 47

What innervates the dorsal interossei?

Back 47

All but the fourth dorsal interosseous is provided by the deep branch of the lateral planter nerve.

The fourth is served by the superficial branch of the lateral plantar nerve

Front 48

What is the function of the dorsal interossei muscles?

Back 48

Abductors of the digits