Muscles Of The Axial Skeleton Lesson Seven

Front 1

Which muscle has two bellies and is connected by cranial fascia? And what other name is it known as?

Back 1

Occipitofrontalis or epicranius

Front 2

Name the extensive network of cranial fascia which slides over the periosteum of the skull?

Back 2

Galea aponeurotica

Front 3

What does "frons" mean in "frontalis"?

Back 3

brow or frontal bone

Front 4

Frontalis ORIGIN=

Back 4

galea aponeurotica is the origin

Front 5

Frontalis INSERTION=

Back 5

superficial fascia beneath the eyebrows

Front 6

2 Actions of the Frontalis?

Back 6

elevates the eyebrows
horizontally wrinkles forehead skin

Front 7

Which muscle produces the expression of worry or concern and contributes to tension headaches?

Back 7

Frontalis

Front 8

Occipitalis ORIGIN=
what two bones?

Back 8

lateral 2/3 of superior nuchal line (occipital and temporal bones)

Front 9

Occipitalis INSERTION=

Back 9

galea aponeurotica

Front 10

Action of Occipitalis=

Back 10

moves scalp over the cranium

Front 11

Orbicularis Oculi ORIGIN=

Back 11

orbital margin

Front 12

Orbicularis Oculi INSERTION=

Back 12

superficial fascia beneath the upper eyelids

Front 13

What does "orbiculus" mean?

Back 13

little circle

Front 14

Orbicularis Oculi 3 Actions=

Back 14

eyelid: closes, squints
skin around orbit: folds (to protect eyeball and assist in tear transport)

Front 15

Orbicularis Oris INSERTION=

Back 15

mucous membrane of lips
muscles inserting into lips

Front 16

Orbicularis Oris ORIGIN=

Back 16

maxilla
mandible
buccinator

Front 17

Orbicularis Oris Actions=

Back 17

lips: closes; protrudes; protracts

Front 18

Zygomaticus Major ORIGIN=

Back 18

Zygomatic arch

Front 19

Zygomaticus Minor ORIGIN=

Back 19

Zygomatic arch; just medial to the major's attachment

Front 20

Which lies more laterally, the Zygomaticus Minor or Major?

Back 20

Zygomaticus Major lies lateral to Zygomaticus Minor.

Front 21

Zygomaticus Major INSERTION=

Back 21

lateral angle of the mouth (near corner)

Front 22

Zygomaticus Minor INSERTION=

Back 22

lateral angle of the mouth (medial to the Z major insertion)

Front 23

Zygomaticus Major and Minor ACTION=

Back 23

mouth: elevate corners upward and outward (smile)

Front 24

Zygotos means what?

Back 24

yoked or to connect

Front 25

Major means what?

Back 25

larger

Front 26

Minor means what?

Back 26

smaller

Front 27

Buccinator means what?

Back 27

trumpeter

Front 28

Buccinator ORIGIN=

Back 28

2: maxilla and mandible

Front 29

Buccinator INSERTION=

Back 29

Orbicularis Oris

Front 30

Buccinator ACTION=

Back 30

compresses the cheeks

Front 31

What muscle creates the shape of the mouth for blowing?

Back 31

Buccinator

Front 32

How does the Buccinator earn the title of accessory muscle of mastication?

Back 32

It pushes food toward the teeth.

Front 33

Which muscle is the most superficial anterior neck muscle?

Back 33

Platysma is the most superficial anterior neck muscle.

Front 34

Which muscle is known as the "pouting muscle"?

Back 34

Platysma

Front 35

Name the animal that comes to mind when you tense your Platysma?

Back 35

Lizard

Front 36

Platsyma means what?

Back 36

plate

Front 37

Platysma ORIGIN (2)

Back 37

Superficial fascia of Deltoid
Superficial fascia of Pectoralis Major

Front 38

Platysma INSERTION (3)

Back 38

Mandible
Muscles around the angle of mouth
Superficial fascia of the lower face

Front 39

Platsyma Actions (3)

Back 39

skin of anterior neck: tenses
corner of mouth: depresses
mandible: depresses

Front 40

Temporalis ORIGIN=

Back 40

temporal fossa (frontal, parietal and temporal bones)

Front 41

Temporalis INSERTION=

Back 41

mandible (coronoid process)

Front 42

Actions of the Temporalis (2):

Back 42

mandible: elevates; retracts

Front 43

Massater means what in Greek?

Back 43

chewer

Front 44

Massater means what in Greek?

Back 44

chewer

Front 45

Massater ORIGIN=

Back 45

Zygomatic arch (zygomatic and temporal bones)

Front 46

Massater INSERTION (superficial layer only)=

Back 46

mandibular angle

Front 47

Massater INSERTION (deep layer only)=

Back 47

mandibular ramus

Front 48

The zygomatic arch is formed by two processes extending from which two bones?

Back 48

zygomatic and temporal

Front 49

Massater has what actions?

Back 49

on mandible: elevates; protracts

Front 50

Lateral Pterygoid ORIGIN=

Back 50

on sphenoid bone (2):
lateral plate of pterygoid process;
greater wing

Front 51

Lateralis means what in Latin?

Back 51

toward the side

Front 52

Pterygoid means what in Greek?

Back 52

a wing

Front 53

What are 3 actions of the Lateral Pterygoid?

Back 53

on mandible: lateral movements (unilateral contraction)
on mandible: depresses; protracts (bilateral contraction)

Front 54

Lateral Pterygoid INSERTION(s):

Back 54

(2): mandible at condylar process;
temporomandibular joint capsule

Front 55

Which muscle is called the "mirror image" of the Massater?

Back 55

Medial Pterygoid

Front 56

Medial Pterygoid ORIGIN(s)=

Back 56

sphenoid bone (1): lateral plate of pterygoid process

Front 57

Medial Pterygoid name 2 INSERTIONS on one bone=

Back 57

interior surface of mandible (2): ramus and angle

Front 58

Action(s) of Medial Pterygoid=

Back 58

mandible: elevation and protraction (bilateral contraction)
mandible: lateral movement (unilateral contraction)

Front 59

What two neck muscles help maintain an anterior curve of the cervical spine?

Back 59

Longus Capitis and
Longus Colli

Front 60

Longus Colli has what three subdivisions?

Back 60

Superior Oblique
Vertical
Inferior Oblique

Front 61

Longus Capitis ORIGIN=

Back 61

T.P. of C3-C5

Front 62

Longus Capitis INSERTION=

Back 62

Occipital bone (anterior surface)

Front 63

Actions of the Longus Capitis?

Back 63

neck: flexion (bilateral)
neck: lateral flexion (unilateral)

Front 64

Longus Colli is similar in structure to what muscle of the lower extremity?

Back 64

Iliopsoas

Front 65

Give the full names of Longus Colli, starting with the most inferiorally located:

Back 65

Longus Colli Inferior Oblique
Longus Colli Vertical
Longus Colli Superior Oblique

Front 66

Longus Colli Superior Oblique ORIGIN(s)=

Back 66

C3-C5 TP (anterior tubercles of TPs)

Front 67

Longus Colli Superior Oblique INSERTION(s)=

Back 67

C1 or "Atlas" (anterior tubercle)

Front 68

Longus Colli Vertical ORIGIN(s)=

Back 68

C5-T3 (bodies)

Front 69

Longus Colli Vertical INSERTION(s)=

Back 69

C2-C4 (bodies)

Front 70

Longus Colli Inferior Oblique ORIGIN(s)=

Back 70

T1-T3 (bodies)

Front 71

Longus Colli Inferior Oblique INSERTION(s)=

Back 71

C5-C6 TP (anterior tubercles of TPs)

Front 72

actions of Longus Colli group (3)?

Back 72

head: rotation
neck: flexion (Bilateral)
neck: lateral flexion (Unilateral)

Front 73

Sternocleidomastoid spasm condition is called what?

Back 73

torticolis or wryneck

Front 74

Spasms in what muscle can cause vertigo because of its many sensory and positional receptors?

Back 74

Sternocleidomastoid

Front 75

What muscles can move the head that are not attached to the vertebral column?

Back 75

Only the Sternocleidomastoid

Front 76

What muscle is called the "mirror image" of the SCM?

Back 76

Splenius Capitis

Front 77

What muscle is called the "praying muscle"?

Back 77

Sternocleidomastoid

Front 78

What does "mastos" mean in Greek?

Back 78

breastlike

Front 79

SCM ORIGIN(s)=

Back 79

sternum: manubrium
clavicle: lateral 1/3

Front 80

SCM INSERTION(s)=

Back 80

temporal bone: mastoid process and lateral 1/2 of superior nuchal line

Front 81

Sternocleidomastoid actions (4)=

Back 81

Bilateral contraction (2):
neck: flexion
respiration: assists in forced inspiration
Unilateral contraction (2):
neck: lateral flexion
head: contralateral rotation (to opposite side)

Front 82

Scalenes, along with the Pectoralis Minor, are known as the...?

Back 82

"neurovascular entrappers"

Front 83

What main artery and nerve plexus pass between the anterior and medial Scalene?

Back 83

subclavian artery
brachial plexus

Front 84

What additional Scalene is found on 30% of cadavers?

Back 84

Scalenus Minimus

Front 85

Which Scalene muscle reaches the 2nd rib?

Back 85

Posterior Scalene

Front 86

"Skalenos" means what in Greek?

Back 86

uneven

Front 87

Anterior Scalene ORIGIN=

Back 87

C3-C6 TP

Front 88

Anterior Scalene INSERTION=

Back 88

1st rib (superior surface)

Front 89

Anterior Scalene action(s)=

Back 89

Bilateral contraction:
1st rib: elevation during inspiration
Unilateral contraction:
neck: lateral flexion
head: rotation

Front 90

Scalenus Medius ORIGIN=

Back 90

C2 (posterior tubercle of TP of "Axis") -C7 TP

Front 91

Scalenus Medius INSERTION(s)=

Back 91

1st rib (superior surface)

Front 92

Scalenus Medius action(s)=

Back 92

Bilateral contraction:
1st rib: elevation during inspiration
Unilateral contraction:
neck: lateral flexion
head: rotation

Front 93

Scalenus Posterior ORIGIN(s)=

Back 93

C5-C6 TP

Front 94

Scalenus Posterior INSERTION(s)=

Back 94

2nd rib (superior lateral surface)

Front 95

Scalenus Posterior action(s)=

Back 95

Bilateral contraction:
2nd rib: elevates during inspiration
Unilateral contraction:
neck: lateral flexion

Front 96

Why doesn't the posterior scalene muscle help to rotate the neck, like the other two scalenes do?

Back 96

Not sure (look up)

Front 97

Splenius Capitis is the mirror image of what muscle?

Back 97

Sternocleidomastoid

Front 98

Splenius Capitis ORIGIN(s)=

Back 98

C7-T4 spinous processes (SP)
inferior nuchal ligament (over C4-6)

Front 99

Splenius Capitis 2 INSERTION(s)=

Back 99

temporal bone: mastoid process
occipital bone: superior nuchal line, lateral region

Front 100

Actions of the Splenius Capitis?

Back 100

Unilateral contraction:
neck: lateral flexion
head: rotation
Bilateral contraction:
head: extension

Front 101

What two muscles both insert at the mastoid process AND the lateral half of the superior nuchal line?

Back 101

The SCM and the Splenius Capitis.

Front 102

What two actions do the SCM and the Splenius Capitis share? Is there a notable difference in either of these actions?

Back 102

head: rotation
neck: lateral flexion
The difference is that the SCM rotates the head contralaterally (to the opposite side)

Front 103

Splenius Cervicis ORIGIN(s)=

Back 103

T3-T6 SP (spinous processes)

Front 104

Splenius Cervicis INSERTION(s)=

Back 104

C1-C3 TP (transverse processes)

Front 105

Which 11 muscles originate from SP (spinous processes)?
Muscle groups:
Segmental muscles (1)
Paraspinal muscles (3)
Muscles of Pulmonary Respiration (2)
Muscles of the Head and Neck (5)

Back 105

Segmental muscles:
Interspinalis
Paraspinal Erector Spinae group:
Spinalis Cervicis
Spinalis Thoracis
Longissimus Thoracis (also TP origins)
Muscles of Pulmonary Respiration:
Serratus Posterior Superior
Serratus Posterior Inferior
Muscles of the Neck and Head:
Splenius Capitis
Splenius Cervicis
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major (Axis SP)
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor (Atlas posterior tubercle)
Oblique Capitis Inferior (Axis SP)

Front 106

Name the segmental muscle that has SP (spinous process) origins:

Back 106

Interspinalis

Front 107

Name 3 erector spinae muscle subdivisions that have SP (spinous process) origins:

Back 107

Spinalis Cervicis
Spinalis Thoracis
Longissimus Thoracis (also has TP origins)

Front 108

Name 2 muscles of pulmonary respiration that have SP (spinous process) origins:

Back 108

Serratus Posterior Superior
Serratus Posterior Inferior

Front 109

Name 5 muscles of the head and neck that have SP (spinous process) origins:

Back 109

Splenius Capitis
Splenius Cervicis
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
(posterior tubercle of Atlas)
Oblique Capitis Inferior (C2)

Front 110

Name the four Suboccipitalis muscles.

Back 110

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
Obliques Capitis Inferior
Obliques Capitis Superior

Front 111

Which muscle group did Dr Janet Travell call the "ghost headache muscles"?

Back 111

Suboccipitals

Front 112

The suboccipital muscles all attach on (X) and (Y) and are responsible for initiating (Z)...

Back 112

C1 and C2
Suboccipitals are responsible for initiating most of the head movements.

Front 113

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major ORIGIN=

Back 113

spinous process of Axis (SP of C2)

Front 114

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor ORIGIN=

Back 114

posterior tubercle of Atlas (C1)

Front 115

Which vertebrae has no "spinous process"?

Back 115

Atlas (C1) has a posterior tubercle but no spinous process.

Front 116

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major INSERTION(s)=

Back 116

inferior nuchal line of occipital bone, lateral to its paired muscle

Front 117

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor INSERTION(s)=

Back 117

inferior nuchal line of occipital bone, medial to its paired muscle

Front 118

Which posterior head muscle is associated with headaches of a vascular and neurological nature because of its attachment to the dura mater?

Back 118

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor

Front 119

Which suboccipital "capitis" muscle does NOT attach to the cranium?

Back 119

Oblique Capitis Inferior

Front 120

What are the actions of the Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor?

Back 120

head: extension

Front 121

What are the actions of the Rectus Capitis Posterior Major?

Back 121

head: extension
head: rotation

Front 122

What are the actions of the Oblique Capitis Superior and Inferior?

Back 122

Head: extension and lateral flexion (ObliqueCapSuperior)
Head: rotation(ObliqueCapInferior)

Front 123

Oblique Capitis Superior ORIGIN(s)=

Back 123

transverse process of Atlas
(TP of C1)

Front 124

Oblique Capitis Inferior ORIGIN(s)=

Back 124

spinous process of Axis (SP of C2)

Front 125

Oblique Capitis Superior INSERTION(s)=

Back 125

inferior nuchal line of occipital bone, superior and superficial to Rectus Capitis Superior

Front 126

Oblique Capitis Inferior INSERTION(s)=

Back 126

transverse process of Atlas (TP of C1)

Front 127

What three muscles elevate the mandible (close the jaw)?

Back 127

Massater
Medial Pterygoid
Temporalis

Front 128

What 2 muscles depress the mandible (open the jaw)?

Back 128

Platysma
Lateral Pterygoid

Front 129

What 3 muscles protract the mandible (jut the chin out?)

Back 129

Massater
Lateral Pterygoid
Medial Pterygoid

Front 130

What muscles retract the mandible?

Back 130

Temporalis

Front 131

What muscles create side-to-side lateral movements for the mandible?

Back 131

Lateral Pterygoid
Medial Pterygoid

Front 132

What 3 muscles flex the head and neck?

Back 132

Longus Capitis
Longus Colli
Sternocleidomastoid

Front 133

Name ten muscles that EXTEND the head and neck from these groups:
Scapular Movement (1)
Head and Neck Movement (5)
Paraspinal--Erector Spinae (2)

Back 133

Trapezius
Splenius Capitis and Cervicis
Rectus Capitis Posterior Superior
Rectus Capitis Posterior Inferior
Obliques Capitis Superior
Spinalis Capitis and Cervicis
Longissimus Capitis and Cervicis

Front 134

Name 11 muscles that ROTATE the head and neck, from these groups:
Scapular Movement Muscles (1)
Head and Neck Muscles (10)

Back 134

Trapezius
Scalenes (3)
SCM
Splenius Cervicis and Capitis
Longus Capitis
Longus Colli
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
Oblique Capitis Inferior

Front 135

Name 10 muscles that produce LATERAL FLEXION of the head and neck from these groups:
Head and Neck Movement (8)
Scapular Movement (2)

Back 135

Scalenes (Ant, Med, Post)
SCM
Splenius Capitis and Cervicis
Oblique Capitis Superior
Longus Colli
Levator Scapula
Trapezius

Front 136

What muscle that is primarily used to move the scapula can also extend, laterally flex, and rotate the head and neck?

Back 136

Trapezius

Front 137

Which action to the head and neck can the Trapezius NOT do?

Back 137

flexion

Front 138

What action on the head and neck is assisted by the Levator Scapula?

Back 138

lateral flexion

Front 139

Which paraspinal muscles may assist with LATERAL FLEXION of the neck?

Back 139

One of the Transversospinalis groups:
Semispinalis Cervicis
All three of the Erector Spinae groups:
Spinalis Cervicis
Iliocostalis Cervicis
Longissimus Cervicis