Muscles Of The Appendicular Skeleton Lesson Six

Front 1

Nickname for Tibialis Anterior and Fibularis Longus=

Back 1

"stirrup muscles"

Front 2

Tibialis Anterior is commonly strengthened to aid in rehabilitation after what injury is healed?

Back 2

inversion sprain

Front 3

"tibialis" + "ante" means what in Latin?

Back 3

"before" + "shinbone"

Front 4

Tibialis Anterior 2 ORIGINS=

Back 4

tibia: proximal 1/2 of lateral shaft
interosseus membrane, *possibly lateral condyle of tibia too

Front 5

Tibialis Anterior INSERTIONS=

Back 5

sole of foot:
metatarsal 1
cuneiform 1 (plantar surface)

Front 6

Tibialis Anterior actions?

Back 6

ankle: dorsiflexion
foot: invertion

Front 7

What nerve innervates the Tibialis Anterior?

Back 7

deep peroneal nerve

Front 8

Extensor Digitorum Longus can act on what six parts of the body? What are its actions?

Back 8

toes 2-5: extension
ankle: dorsiflexion
foot: eversion

Front 9

Extensor Digitorum Longus ORIGINS (4)=

Back 9

fibula: inferior head
fibula: proximal 2/3 shaft
tibia: lateral condyle
interosseus membrane

Front 10

Extensor Digitorum Longus INSERTIONS:

Back 10

toes 2-5: middle phalanges
toes 2-5: distal phalanges too!

Front 11

Extensor Digitorum Brevis acts on what three parts of the body? What are its actions?

Back 11

toes 2-4: extension

Front 12

Extensor Digitorum Brevis ORIGIN(s)=

Back 12

calcaneus

Front 13

Extensor Digitorum Brevis INSERTION(s)=

Back 13

tendons of E.D.Longus to toes 2-4

Front 14

Individual X may be missing in the Extensor Digitorum muscles, especially which one?

Back 14

tendons (fifth phalanx tendon is only occasionally present)

Front 15

Extensor Hallucis Longus actions?

Back 15

ankle: dorsiflexion
great toe: extension

Front 16

Extensor Hallucis Longus ORIGIN(s)=

Back 16

fibula: anterior shaft (mid-shaft)
interosseus membrane

Front 17

Extensor Hallucis Longus INSERTION(s)=

Back 17

great toe: distal phalanx

Front 18

What nerve innervates the Extensor Hallucis Longus?

Back 18

deep peroneal nerve innervates the EHL

Front 19

Fibularis Longus is also known as... ?

Back 19

Peroneus Longus

Front 20

Which muscle's tendon now lies behind the lateral malleolus but originally lay in front of it?

Back 20

Peroneus Longus (Fibularis Longus)

Front 21

What is unusual about Peroneus Longus that relates to predator animals?

Back 21

In predators, the tendon of this muscle lies in front of the lateral malleolus whereas in humans the tendon lies behind this bone.

Front 22

Does the human Fibularis Longus tendon run behind or in front of the lateral malleolus?

Back 22

behind it

Front 23

What is "fibula" in Greek?

Back 23

"pin"

Front 24

What are the actions of the Fibularis Longus?

Back 24

foot: eversion
ankle: plantar flexion

Front 25

Plant-a-flower and Dig-up-a-flower can help me remember which two actions of which body part?

Back 25

Ankle:
Plantar flexion creates a straight line from knee to foot (plant flower here)
Dorsiflexion is the opposite (dig up flower)

Front 26

What nerve innervates the Fibularis Longus?

Back 26

superficial peroneal nerve

Front 27

2 ORIGINS of the Peroneus Longus?

Back 27

fibula: head
fibula: shaft (lateral proximal 1/2)

Front 28

INSERTION(s) of the Fibularis Longus?

Back 28

metatarsal 1
cuneiform 1 (plantar surface)

Front 29

Which muscle is also known as the Fibularis Brevis?

Back 29

Peroneal Brevis

Front 30

Fibularis Brevis INSERTION(s)=

Back 30

metatarsal 5

Front 31

Peroneal Brevis ORIGIN(s)=

Back 31

fibula: shaft (lateral distal half)

Front 32

What nerve innervates the Fibularis Brevis?

Back 32

superficial peroneal nerve

Front 33

What two actions can the Peroneal Brevis do?

Back 33

foot: eversion
ankle: plantarflexion

Front 34

The muscles that run on top of the ankle can act as which: dorsiflexors or plantar flexors?

Back 34

Dorsiflexors

Front 35

"treis" + "sura" relates to which leg muscles and translates to what? Which upper extremity muscle has similarities?

Back 35

"three calves"
Soleus
Gastrocnemius
Plantaris. These three share a common tendon and are seen as the Triceps Brachii of the lower extremity.

Front 36

Which muscles make up the superficial layer of the posterior leg and help to move us forward?

Back 36

Triceps Surae muscles: Gastrocnemius - Soleus - and Plantaris.

Front 37

"gaster" + "kneme" means what?

Back 37

gaster = belly
kneme = leg
Gastrocnemius = belly of the leg

Front 38

Gastrocnemius ORIGIN(s)=

Back 38

femur: lateral epicondyle
femur: medial epicondyle

Front 39

Gastrocnemius INSERTION(s)=

Back 39

calcaneus
via the Achilles tendon
(aka calcaneal tendon)

Front 40

What muscle is also known as the "toe dancer's muscle"? Why?

Back 40

Gastrocnemius because it helps a ballerina stand on her toes.

Front 41

What are two actions of the Gastrocnemius?

Back 41

ankle: plantar flexion
knee: flexion

Front 42

What nerve innervates the Gastrocnemius? Is it the peroneal or the tibial?

Back 42

tibial nerve

Front 43

Occasionally the Gastrocnemius will have attachment sites where?

Back 43

knee: joint capsule (origins)

Front 44

What two joints' actions cannot be performed at the same time and by which leg muscle?

Back 44

knee flexion
ankle plantar flexion
by the Gastrocnemius

Front 45

What is the Latin word for "sole"?

Back 45

planta

Front 46

What muscle is regarded as a mini-Gastrocnemius and is missing in 10% of cadavers?

Back 46

Plantaris

Front 47

What muscle's tendon is grafted for use in hand reconstruction?

Back 47

Plantaris tendon

Front 48

Plantaris ORIGIN(s)=

Back 48

femur: lateral epicondyle

Front 49

What leg muscle originates at the lateral condyle?

Back 49

Popliteus

Front 50

Plantaris INSERTION(s)=

Back 50

calcaneus
via the Achilles tendon

Front 51

Which three leg muscles share the insertion of the calcaneous? What tendon leads to this insertion?

Back 51

Gastrocnemius Soleus & Plantaris
Achilles or calcaneal tendon

Front 52

What leg muscle resembles a fish?

Back 52

Soleus

Front 53

Does the Soleus muscle insert on the sole of the foot or act as a plantar flexor?

Back 53

plantar flexor

Front 54

Soleus ORIGIN(s)=

Back 54

fibula: superior posterior 1/3 shaft
tibia: soleal line

Front 55

What is the INSERTION of the Soleus? Does it share this insertion with another muscle?

Back 55

calcaneous via the Achilles tendon along with the Gastrocnemius and Plantaris.

Front 56

What nerve innervates the Soleus?

Back 56

tibial nerve

Front 57

What is the Latin word for "sole of the foot"?

Back 57

Solea

Front 58

Tibialis Posterior actions?

Back 58

foot: inversion
ankle: plantar flexion

Front 59

Soleus actions?

Back 59

ankle: plantar flexion

Front 60

Which nerve innervates the Tibialis Posterior?

Back 60

tibial nerve

Front 61

Which Tibialis muscle may be completely absent?

Back 61

Tibialis Posterior

Front 62

What are the ORIGINS of the Tibialis Posterior?

Back 62

tibia: posterior shaft
fibula: posterior shaft
interosseus membrane

Front 63

Tibialis Posterior INSERTION(s)=

Back 63

tarsals and metatarsal bases 2-4
The tendon runs medially to insert:
navicular (tuberosity)
cuneiforms 1-2-3
cuboid
calcaneous
navicular
metatarsals 2-3-4 (bases)

Front 64

Flexor Digitorum Longus ORIGIN(s)=

Back 64

tibia: posterior shaft (mid-shaft)

Front 65

The flexors of the X run along the anterior side of the body and the flexors of the Y run along the posterior side.

Back 65

Wrist flexors run anteriorly while ankle flexors run posteriorly

Front 66

Wrist extensors run anteriorly/posteriorly?
Ankle extensors run anteriorly/posteriorly?

Back 66

Wrist extensors run posteriorly and ankle extensors run anteriorly.

Front 67

What nerve innervates the Flexor Digitorum Longus?

Back 67

tibial nerve

Front 68

Where does the Flexor Digitorum Longus end?

Back 68

toes 2-5: distal phalanges (plantar surface on bottom of foot)

Front 69

Plantar surface refers to what?

Back 69

Sole of foot

Front 70

Dorsal surface of foot refers to what area?

Back 70

the top of the foot

Front 71

Palmar area refers to the plantar or dorsal side of the hand?

Back 71

Neither. The palmar area is the anterior surface of the hand (as opposed to the dorsal surface or back of the hand)

Front 72

Actions of the Flexor Digitorum Longus:

Back 72

digits 2-5: flexes all phalangeal joints (MP- PIP- DIP)
ankle: plantar flexion
foot: inversion

Front 73

Flexor Hallucis Longus 2 ORIGINS=

Back 73

fibula: posterior shaft (mid-shaft)
interosseus membrane

Front 74

Flexor Hallucis Longus INSERTION(s)=

Back 74

great toe: distal phalanx (plantar surface)

Front 75

3 Flexor Hallucis Longus actions?

Back 75

great toe: flexion
ankle: plantar flexion
foot: inversion

and supports the longitudinal arch

Front 76

Which nerve innervates the Flexor Hallucis Longus?

Back 76

tibial nerve

Front 77

Which muscle supports the longitudinal arch of the foot?

Back 77

Flexor Hallucis Longus (* may be others too?)

Front 78

The mnemonic phrase "Tom Dick An' Harry have the nerve to pass my Mom" reminds us of what fact?

Back 78

Corresponds to the initials of the tendons and vessels in the order that they pass by the medial malleosus:
Tibialis posterior is the most anterior, followed by
flexor Digitorum, the tibial Artery, tibial Nerve, and then flexor Hallucis.

Front 79

Name 8 muscles that can plantar flex the ankle?

Back 79

1) the flexors
Flexor Digitorum Longus and Flexor Hallucis Longus
2) the "triceps surae" walking muscles: Plantaris Gastrocnemius
& Soleus
3) The evertors: Fibularis (or Peroneus) Longus & Brevis
4) the posterior biggie left: Tibialis Posterior

Front 80

Which muscles of ankle and foot movement are missing in this list?
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Fibularis Longus/Brevis *
Tibialis Anterior/Posterior
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
* aka Peroneus Longus/Brevis

Back 80

Extensor Digitorum Brevis
Extensor Hallucis Brevis
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Flexor Hallucis Brevis

+ more intrinsic toe muscles:
Adductor Hallucis
Abductor Hallucis
Abductor Digiti Minimi
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Dorsal Interossei
Plantar Interossei
Lumbricals

Front 81

What two muscles are responsible for ankle dorsiflexion?

Back 81

Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Hallucis Longus

Front 82

What four muscles are responsible for foot inversion?

Back 82

Tibialis Anterior
Tibialis Posterior
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Hallucis Longus

Front 83

In what action do the two Tibialis muscles work as synergists?

Back 83

foot: inversion

Front 84

In what two actions do the Tibialis muscles work as antagonists to one another?

Back 84

ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

Front 85

The X and Y are slender muscles located along the lateral side of the leg

Back 85

Peroneus (or Fibularis) Longus and Brevis

Front 86

The three extensors of the ankles and toes are layered together on the (anterior/posterior) leg and the (plantar/dorsal) surface of the foot, and are named what?

Back 86

Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Tibialis Anterior
anterior leg
dorsal surface of foot

Front 87

Which three muscles with a common action lie deep to the Gastrocnemius and Soleus on the posterior leg?

Back 87

Ankle flexors:
Tibialis Posterior
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Hallucis Longus

Front 88

Which is superficial to the other, Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus or Brevis?

Back 88

Peroneus Longus

Front 89

Which muscle is called the "second heart" because of its role in returning blood from the leg to the heart?

Back 89

Soleus

Front 90

What leg muscle has a short belly but the longest tendon in the body?

Back 90

Plantaris

Front 91

What is the deepest muscle of the posterior knee which has its origin on the lateral condyle of the femur?

Back 91

Popliteus

Front 92

Which leg muscles attach to the interosseus membrane?

Back 92

Tibialis Anterior
Tibialis Posterior
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Flexor Hallucis Longus*
*some texts vary

Front 93

Which leg muscles insert on metatarsal 1?

Back 93

Tibialis Anterior
Fibularis Longus

Front 94

Which leg muscles attach to both the tibia and fibula?

Back 94

Extensor Digitorum Longus
Tibialis Posterior

Front 95

What tendons and ligaments attach which thigh muscles to the proximal tibia?

Back 95

ANTERIOR TIBIA:
IT band: Tensor Fascia Lata - Gluteus Maximus
Pens Anserius:
Sartorius - Gracilis - Semitendinosus
Patellar Ligament: Quadriceps Femoris (Rectus Fem + Vasti)
POSTERIOR TIBIA:
Semimembranosus
Popliteus (leg muscle)

Front 96

What tendons/ligaments attach which thigh muscles to the proximal fibula?

Back 96

Biceps Femoris tendon (lateral surface of superior fibular head)

Front 97

What muscles that originate above the ankle insert on the fifth metatarsal?

Back 97

Peroneus Brevis
Peroneus Tertius*
*muscle not in Salvo's text