Muscles: Actions And Origins/insertions

Front 1

Depressor anguli oris

Back 1

Pulls corner of mouth downward (frown)

Front 2

Frontalis

Back 2

Raises eyebrows

Front 3

Corrugator supercilii

Back 3

Furrows brow

Front 4

Buccinator

Back 4

Compresses cheek as in blowing or sucking

Front 5

Mentalis

Back 5

Elevates and protrudes lower lip; pulls chin skin into a pout

Front 6

Orbicularis oculi

Back 6

Closes eye

Front 7

Orbicularis oris

Back 7

Closes, protrudes lip, shapes lips during speech

Front 8

Platysma

Back 8

Draws lower lip downward and backward (pouting)

Front 9

Risorius

Back 9

Draws angle of mouth laterally as in tenseness (smirk)

Front 10

Zygomaticus major

Back 10

Draws angle of mouth upward (smiling/big smile)

Front 11

Masseter

Back 11

Elevates and protrudes mandible

Hint 11

O: maxilla and zygomatic arch

I: ramus of mandible

Front 12

Temporalis

Back 12

Elevates and protrudes mandible

Hint 12

O: parietal bone

I: coronoid process of mandible

Front 13

Sternocleidomastoid

Back 13

Flexing and rotation of head

Hint 13

O: sternum and clavicle

I: mastoid process

Front 14

Pectoralis minor

Back 14

Pulls scapula anteriorly

Hint 14

O: ribs 3-5

I: coracoid process of scapula

Front 15

Trapezius

Back 15

Elevates, adducts, and depresses scapula

Hint 15

O: spines of 7th cervical and all thoracic vertebrae

I: acromion and spine of scapula

Front 16

Serratus anterior *

Back 16

*

Front 17

Deltoid

Back 17

Abducts and extends arm

Hint 17

O: acromion process and spine of scapula; clavicle

I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Front 18

Latissimus dorsi

Back 18

Adducts arm

Hint 18

O: lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae

I: intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Front 19

Pectoralis major

Back 19

Adducts humerus

Hint 19

O: clavicle; sternum

I: intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Front 20

Teres major *

Back 20

*

Front 21

Teres minor

Back 21

Rotates arm laterally; extends and adducts arm

Hint 21

O: inferior lateral border of scapula

I: greater tubercle

Front 22

Subscapularis

Back 22

Rotates arm medially

Hint 22

O: subscapular fossa of scapula

I: lesser tubercle

Front 23

Supraspinatus

Back 23

Abducting arm

Hint 23

O: supraspinous fossa of scapula

I: greater tubercle

Front 24

Infraspinatus

Back 24

Rotates arm laterally; adducts arm

Hint 24

O: infraspinous fossa of scapula

I: greater tubercle

Front 25

Brachialis

Back 25

Flexes forearm

Front 26

Brachioradialis

Back 26

Flexes forearm

Front 27

Biceps brachii

Back 27

Flexes forearm; supinates

Hint 27

O: long head=supraglenoid tubercle; short head=coracoid process

I: radial tuberosity

Front 28

Pronator quadratus *

Back 28

*

Front 29

Triceps brachii

Back 29

Extension of forearm

Hint 29

O: long head=inferior to glenoid cavity; medial/lateral head=humerus

Front 30

Rectus abdominis

Back 30

Compression and flexion of abdominal area

Hint 30

O: pubic crest and pubis symphysis

I: costal cartilages (ribs 5-7), xiphoid process

Front 31

Transverse abdominis

Back 31

Compression and flexion of abdominal area

Front 32

Internal oblique

Back 32

Compression and flexion of abdominal area

Front 33

External oblique

Back 33

Compression and flexion of abdominal area

Front 34

Extensor carpi radialis longus *

Back 34

*

Front 35

Flexor carpi ulnaris *

Back 35

*

Front 36

Flexor digitorum superficialis *

Back 36

*

Front 37

Extensor digitorum

Back 37

Extends phalanges

Front 38

Palmaris longus

Back 38

Weak flexor of wrist (sometimes absent)

Front 39

Quadriceps femoris

Back 39

Extends leg and flexes thigh

Front 40

Vastus medialis

Back 40

Extends leg

Front 41

Vastus lateralis

Back 41

Extends leg

Front 42

Vastus intermedius

Back 42

Extends leg

Front 43

Semimembranosus

Back 43

Flexes leg and extends thigh

Front 44

Semitendinosus

Back 44

Flexes leg and extends thigh

Front 45

Biceps femoris

Back 45

Flexes leg and extends thigh

Front 46

Psoas major

Back 46

Flexes and rotates thigh laterally

Hint 46

Makes up iliopsoas with iliacus

Front 47

Iliacus

Back 47

Flexes and rotates thigh laterally

Hint 47

Makes up iliopsoas with psoas major

Front 48

Gluteus maximus

Back 48

Extends and rotates thigh

Hint 48

O: iliac crest

I: Linea aspera and gluteal tuberosity

Front 49

Gluteus medius

Back 49

Abducts and rotates thigh medially

Hint 49

O: ilium

I: greater trochanter

Front 50

Adductor longus

Back 50

Adducts and rotates thigh medially

Front 51

Adductor magnus

Back 51

Adducts and rotates thigh medially

Front 52

Gracilis

Back 52

Adducts thigh

Front 53

Sartorius

Back 53

Flexes leg, flexes thigh, and rotates it laterally, thus crossing the leg

Front 54

Tensor fasciae latae

Back 54

Flexes and abducts thigh

Front 55

Tibialis anterior

Back 55

Dorsiflexes and inverts foot

Front 56

Gastrocnemius

Back 56

Plantar flexes foot

Front 57

Soleus

Back 57

Plantar flexes foot

Front 58

Fibularis (peroneous) longus *

Back 58

*

Front 59

Extensor digitorum longus *

Back 59

*

Front 60

Flexor hallucis longus *

Back 60

*

Front 61

Extensor hallucis longus *

Back 61

*