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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Muscle |
1) Can be attatched to bone (allows for movement) 2) Shape or form 3) Contract (as seen in the heart) |
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Attached to the bone |
Skeletal (Contraction is voluntary) |
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In the heart |
Cardiac (Contraction is involuntary) |
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In the walls of tubes |
(Gut, arteries, veins) Smooth muscle (Contraction is involuntary) |
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Biceps brachii |
Has an opposing pair member (both contracting = no movement)
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Triceps brachii |
-----===== (180 degrees) |
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Decrease in angle |
Flexim
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Isometric |
No movement |
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B.B. contracts - T.B. relaxed |
Decrease in angle |
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B.B. relaxed - T.B. contracts |
Increase in angle (extension) |
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Neuromuscular junction |
Gap |
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When the message gets to the end of the nerve . . . |
It causes the nerve to release a chemical called the neurotransmitter. |
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Ends between . . . |
L1 and L2 |
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Brains sends a . . . |
Signal to B.B. to contract |
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In the example, stimuli is . . . |
A small electrical shock |
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Are Na and K evenly distributed? |
No |
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A cell membrane that can send a stimulus |
Lemma |
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What is a nerve cell's lemma called? |
Neurolemma |
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What is a muscle cell's lemma called? |
Sarcolemma (Sarco means "flesh") |
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A resting lemma is . . . |
Permeable to K+ and non-permeable to Na+ |
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Permeabiliaty infers that . . . |
A membrane will allow a substance to cross in non-directional |
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Net movement is . . . |
From higher to lower concentration |
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More K outside than inside |
Slight + charge outside lemma |
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A lemma with a slight + charge inside and a slight - charge outside is . . . |
Polarized (doing nothing/relaxed) |
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When a lemma is polarized, it is . . . |
Prepared to send a stimulus |
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To send a stimulus . . . |
The brain causes the lemma to become permeable to Na+ |
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When Na+ is moved into the cell . . . |
The charge is lost and the membrane is depolarized |
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A depolarized membrane is . . . |
Sending a stimulus |
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Na+ in equals K+ out equals |
Depolarized (sending a signal) Polarized (doing nothing) |
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The neurotransmitter |
Acetylcholine |
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When enough Ach gets into the muscle . . . |
The muscle depolarizes and sends the stimulus to contract |
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Sarcoplasm |
Goes to a special structure called the sarcoplasmic reticullum (stores Ca+2) |
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The stimulus causes the sarcoplasmic reticullum to . . . |
Become permeable to Ca+2 |
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Ca+2 moves out of the . . . |
Sarcoplasmic reticullum |
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Ca+2 moves out of the sacroplasmic reticullum |
Activates ATPase -----> Breaks down ATP -----> energy -----> contraction |
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Inside the fibers are . . . |
Four different proteins |
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What are the four proteins? |
Actin, Myosin, Tropomin, Tropmyosin |
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When put together what do the four proteins do? |
Form a sacromere and slide together to shorten the cell |
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To relax, what must happen? |
1) Remove Ca+2 from the ATPase and put it back into the sarcoplasmic reticullum 2) Acetylcholine must be broken down to stop sending the signal |
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Chemical that breaks down acetylcholine |
An enzyme called achase |
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To do work, a muscle must . . . |
Stay in a constant state of contraction (called tetany) |
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Skeletal muscle has one nerve to the muscle |
Tells it to contract |
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Cardiac muscle has two nerves |
Sympathetic nerve and parasympathetic nerve |
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Nerves run to . . . |
A special group of cells in the right atrium |
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The cells running to the right atrium are called . . . |
The sinoatrial node (pacemaker) |
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The neurotransmitter for the sympathetic nerve at the pacemaker is . . . |
Norepinephrine (adrenaline) |
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Norepinephrine causes . . . |
The release of Ca+2 (heart speeds up) |
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The neurotransmitter for the parasympathetic is . . . |
Acetocholine (heart slows) |
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The two parts of the nervous system work together |
Heart rate (Average 72 bpm) |