Muscles

Front 1

Numbers of muscles in the body

Back 1

650 total
50 in the face
17 to smile
40 to frown

Front 2

Functions of the muscles

Back 2

1. Assist in body movements
2.Assist in the movement of materials internal to the body
3.Produces heat and energy
4. Assists in maintaining posture and balance
5.Helps protect the internal organs

Front 3

3 Classifications of muscle tissue

Back 3

1. Skeletal
2. Smooth (visceral)
3. Cardiac

Front 4

Facts about Skeletal Muscle

Back 4

*Voluntary
*Striated
*Attached to skeleton directly or may be attached by tendons or aponeurosis
*Contracts quickly in response to stimulation of nerve impulses
Enclosed in epimysium

Front 5

Facts about Smooth muscle

Back 5

*Involuntary
*Non-striated, spindle shaped cells
*Found in vescer (stomach, intestines, urinary ducts and blood vessels)
*Contracts slowly in response to stimulation to nerve impulses

Front 6

Facts about Cardiac muscle

Back 6

*Involuntary
*Partially striated-1 nucleus
*found only in heart
*Contract moderately fast in response to stimulation to nerve impulses

Front 7

Major structures of skeletal muscles

Back 7

1. Origin (closest to the midline of the body and on immmovable bone)
2. Insertion (end of skeletal attachment and on movable bone)
3. Body (belly) main part of muscle

Front 8

Epimysium

Back 8

Fibrous sheath that enfolds a skeltal muscle and extends over the origin and insertion

Front 9

Aponeurosis

Back 9

Epimysium extension from the muscle that is continuous with the periostium of the bone.
Broad, flat sheet of connective tissue that serves as a tendon to attach muscles to bone or as fascia to bind muscles together

Front 10

Tendon

Back 10

Epimysium extension from the muscle as a strong cord of connective tissue that attaches to the adjacent structure.
White, glistening fibrous band of tissue that attach muscle to bone.

Front 11

Adductor

Back 11

Toward

Front 12

Levator

Back 12

Lifts

Front 13

Depressor

Back 13

Depresses or lowers a part

Front 14

Flexor

Back 14

Felxes, bends a part at a joint

Front 15

Extensor

Back 15

Extends, straightens a part at the joint

Front 16

Rotator

Back 16

medial rotation-
revolves part on its axis

Lateral rotation
(aka circumduction)-moves a part so that its distal point travels in a circle

Front 17

Protractor

Back 17

moves a part forward

Front 18

retractor

Back 18

moves a part backward

Front 19

Invertor

Back 19

moves a part upside down or inside out

Front 20

Evertor

Back 20

turns or rotates a part outward

Front 21

Supinator

Back 21

turns a part upward

Front 22

Pronator

Back 22

Turns a part downward

Front 23

Dorsiflexor

Back 23

moves a part toward the back

Front 24

Sphincter

Back 24

constricts, closes an opening

Front 25

Tensor (aka fixator)

Back 25

tenses, makes a part more rigid. Stabalizes the joint to help maintain posture and balance during action of prime mover

Front 26

Prime mover AKA Agonist

Back 26

Muscle that generates the majority of force to accomplish a movement

Front 27

Antagonist

Back 27

When flexed, directly opposes prime mover

Front 28

Synergist

Back 28

Assistes prime movers. Helpers, "working together."

Front 29

The energy to produce muscle movement comes from what?

Back 29

Simple sugars through metabolism

Front 30

Muscles like to be ______________ to the body part that they move.

Back 30

Proximal

Front 31

Body movement is coordinated by____________________?

Back 31

Muscle pairs

Front 32

"All or none" law

Back 32

Contracts fully or not at all in response to impulse.

Front 33

Contracture

Back 33

abnormal function because the muscle contracts "at rest."

Front 34

6 Functional characteristics of muscle tissue

Back 34

1.Irritability/Excitability
2.Conductivity
3.Contractility
4.Extensibility
5.Elasticity
6. Tone

Front 35

IrritabilityExcitability

Back 35

Ability to resonde to stimulus

Front 36

Conductivity

Back 36

Ability to transmit impulses

Front 37

Contractility

Back 37

Ability to shorten or contract "muscle twitch."

Front 38

Extensibility

Back 38

Ability to stretch (lengthen) and remain stretched (hold.)

Front 39

Elasticity

Back 39

Ability to return to norma length when stretching force is removed

Front 40

Tone

Back 40

Slight tension that is present in muscles even when they are at rest-provides quicker and easier response when needed.

Front 41

Epimysium covers, what?

Back 41

The whole muscle, under the fascia, extends to become aponeurosis

Front 42

Endomysium

Back 42

Covers the individual microfilament

Front 43

Perimysium

Back 43

Covers the muscle bundle

Front 44

If listed in this order:
1. Muscle Fiber
2. Myofibril
3. Myofilament
They are in what order?

Back 44

Largest to smallest

Front 45

Head and face muscles control what?

Back 45

chewing, talking, swallowing, facial expressions and blinking

Front 46

Neck muscles control

Back 46

moving the head side to side, from front to back, and in rotation

Front 47

Back muscles allow

Back 47

the body to bend, turn and stand erect

Front 48

Chest muscles assist

Back 48

in respiration and movements of the neck, arms and trunk

Front 49

What 3 things do the abdominal muscles do?

Back 49

1. Breath
2. Deficate
3. Childbirth

Front 50

Perineal muscles function to

Back 50

assist in defecation and urination and form the floor of the pelvic cavity

Front 51

What does the frontalis muscles do?

Back 51

Wrinkles the forehead

Front 52

What does the Temporalis muscle do?

Back 52

helps close the mandible (jaw)

Front 53

What do the orbicularis oculi do?

Back 53

Close the eyelids

Front 54

What do the orbicularis oris do?

Back 54

Draw lips together, kissing

Front 55

What does the buccinator do?

Back 55

Moves the lips for blowing, whistling, and smiling

Front 56

Masseter (strongest muscle with 150lbs of pressure) does what?

Back 56

Closes the jaw as in chewing

Front 57

The Trapezius does 4 things, what are they?

Back 57

1. Moves the shoulders by raising
2. Assists in moving the head to one side or the other
3. Hyperextends the head
4. Helps hold head erect

Front 58

The Sternocleidomastoid muscle (STM) does 3 things, what are they?

Back 58

1. Rotates the head from side to side
2. Flexes vertebral column to bow head
3. Helps hold head erect

Front 59

What does the platysma do?

Back 59

Wrinkles the neck skin and depresses the mandible

Front 60

What does the deltoid do?

Back 60

Moves the upper arm at the shoulder

Front 61

What does the pectoralis major do?

Back 61

Flexes upper arm, adducts the upper arm, and draws arm across the chest

Front 62

What does the serratus anterior do?

Back 62

Rotates the scapula and raises the shoulder as in full flexion and abduction of the arm

Front 63

What do the intercostal muscles do?

Back 63

Elevate and depress the ribs assisting in breathing

Front 64

What do the Latissimus Dorsi do?

Back 64

Bring the arms down forcefully

Front 65

What is the Diaphragm for?

Back 65

Contracts and relaxes to cause inhalation and exhalation

Front 66

Three muscles compress the abdomen and rotate the trunk laterally, which ones are they?

Back 66

external and internal oblique and transverse abdominus

Front 67

The ________ ________ compresses the abdomen, rotates the trunk laterally, AND flexes the trunk.

Back 67

Rectus Abdominus

Front 68

The levator ani does what?

Back 68

Forms the floor of the pelvic cavity and supports the organs

Front 69

The deep transverse perinei does what?

Back 69

forms the floor of the pelvic cavity

Front 70

The Biceps Brachii do what?

Back 70

Flex the upper arm when the hand is supinated

Front 71

The Triceps brachii do what?

Back 71

extend the upper arm

Front 72

Brachialis and brachioradialis muscles do what?

Back 72

flex the forearm

Front 73

What do the Carpi muscles do?

Back 73

Control hand movements

Front 74

What is the function of the Digitorum muscles?

Back 74

to control finger movement

Front 75

The thumb is controlled by what muscle?

Back 75

Pollicis

Front 76

Gluteus Maximus

Back 76

Helps maintain an erect posture and extends and rotates the thigh

Front 77

Gluteus Medius

Back 77

Abducts the thigh, rotates the thigh outward, and stabilizes the pelvis

Front 78

Gluteus Minimus

Back 78

Abducts the thigh, rotates the thigh outward, stabilizes the pelvis and extends the thigh

Front 79

Sartorius

Back 79

aDDucts and flexes the thigh and rotates it laterally

Front 80

Quadriceps femoris

Back 80

$ heads, extends the leg and flexes the thigh

Front 81

ADDuctor

Back 81

Presses the thighs together

Front 82

Hamstrings

Back 82

Flexes the lower leg from the knee

Front 83

Gastrocnemius

Back 83

Extends the foot

Front 84

Tibialis anterior

Back 84

flexes the foot and inverts the ankle

Front 85

Peroneus Longus

Back 85

everts the ankle

Front 86

Soleus

Back 86

inverts the ankle

Front 87

Flexor digitorum

Back 87

flexes the toes

Front 88

Extensor digitorum

Back 88

extends the toes

Front 89

Isotonic contraction

Back 89

Muscle becomes shorter and thicker like in lifting weights

Front 90

Isometric contraction

Back 90

muscle contraction remains constant while tension against it increases--like yoga