Muscles

Front 1

Functions of Skeletal Muscle

Back 1

Maintain posture, Generate Heat,Movement, Guarding, Support Soft Tissue, Monitors what enters and exits, and Communication.

Front 2

Epimysium

Back 2

Connective tissue around body.

Front 3

Perimysium

Back 3

Connective tissue wraps around fasicle.

Front 4

Endomysium

Back 4

Connective tissue around cell.

Front 5

Fasicle

Back 5

Group of muscle fibers.

Front 6

Myofibril

Back 6

Protein found inside muscle cell. (protein strand)(100-1000 per cell)

Front 7

Sacromere

Back 7

Functional unit of skeletal muscle.

Front 8

Sacrolemma

Back 8

Cell membrane of skeletal muscle.

Front 9

Sarcoplasm

Back 9

Cytoplasm of skeletal muscle.

Front 10

Sarcoplasma reticulum (SER)

Back 10

SER in muscle cells.

Front 11

Triad

Back 11

(2) Terminal Cisternae and a T-Tubule.

Front 12

T-Tubule

Back 12

Allows calcium into the cell.

Front 13

Terminal Cisternae

Back 13

Storage area for calcium that comes in initially.

Front 14

Advantage of having many nuclei in skeletal muscle fiber?

Back 14

Protein synthesis.

Front 15

Where are the service blood vessels and nerves found in skeletal muscle?

Back 15

Perimysium.

Front 16

How is the command to contract sign distributed throughout a muscle fiber?

Back 16

Distributed by the sacromere.

Front 17

Thick Filament

Back 17

Bundle of mysoin.

Front 18

Thin Filament

Back 18

F actin (fibrous).

Front 19

A bands

Back 19

Area that's "dArk" in sacromere.

Front 20

H-zones

Back 20

Middle of A Band. (Myosin only in center of A Band.)

Front 21

Z lines

Back 21

Ends of sacromere. Actin connected to Z-line, not myosin.

Front 22

I-Bands

Back 22

"lIght" area, Actin only.

Front 23

Zones of Overlap

Back 23

Actin, Myosin, Actin, Myosin...they overlap.

Front 24

M-lines

Back 24

Down middle of H zone. (holds myosin together)

Front 25

Chemical composition of a Thin filaments?

Back 25

G actin, Troponin, Tropomyosin.

Front 26

What is a triad's function?

Back 26

Storage or calicium

Front 27

Where are vesicles of ACh (acetylcholine) stored?

Back 27

Synaptic knobs

Front 28

Role of troponin

Back 28

Marks active site; where calcium binds.

Front 29

Role of tropomyosin

Back 29

Where troponin is attached, holds G actin together.

Front 30

Role of an active site

Back 30

Found on G actin.

Front 31

Role of a cross-bridge

Back 31

Myosin attaches to trypomyosin.

Front 32

Where are the ACh-receptors found?

Back 32

Motor end plate.

Front 33

Motor end plates

Back 33

Found on sacrolemma; increases surface area.

Front 34

Synaptic knobs

Back 34

End of neuron.

Front 35

Synaptic clefts

Back 35

Space between knob and motor end plate.

Front 36

Neuromusclar junctions

Back 36

Everything is in it. Motor end plates, synaptic knobs, synaptic cleft...

Front 37

ACh-esterase is found where, and what role does it have in muscle contraction?

Back 37

Synaptic cleft, and remove the essino coden.

Front 38

Role of ATP-ase during contraction of muscle.

Back 38

Myosin Head.

Front 39

Important factor in Decreasing Intracellular Calcium concentrations after a muscle contraction.

Back 39

A calcium active pump; Active transport. Involves ATP.

Front 40

During which phrase of contraction is Calcium released?

Back 40

Latent period.

Front 41

What is the difference between an isometric, and isotonic contraction?

Back 41

Resistance greater than tension. Resistnace lesser than tension.

Front 42

How does resting muscle generate most of its ATP?

Back 42

Buring fats.

Front 43

What are the end products of Anaerobic Metabolism?

Back 43

Pyruvic Acid and Lactic Acid; couple of ATP's; 2 per glucose.

Front 44

What happens during the recovery period following exercise?

Back 44

Oxygen debt+ATP debt (you owe yourself).

Front 45

Describe the Cori Cycle?

Back 45

Takes Lactic acid from muscle. Converts to 30%(ATP) 70%(Glucose)->back to muscle. takes place in the liver.

Front 46

Consequences of againg in skeletal muscle.

Back 46

Decreased muscle tone, Decreased repair time, Increased collagen (fibrous),Decreased blood supply.

Front 47

Characteristic(s) of smooth muscle allow it to function over a wide range of lengths?

Back 47

Plasticity takes Smooth Muscle, and stretch it 4 times and it will still work.

Front 48

What is a cramp?

Back 48

Involuntary contraction of muscle.

Front 49

Atrophy

Back 49

Loss of muscle mass

Front 50

Hypertrophy

Back 50

Gain muscle mass.

Front 51

Fibrosis

Back 51

Increases in fibers, collagen.

Front 52

How do cramps occur?

Back 52

Irritation of motor neuron; Irration at motor end plate; Imbalance of electrolytes; Whole neural muscular junction is damaged; Trauma, chemical poisoning, overuse...etc.

Front 53

What is the role of thyroid hormone on skeletal muscle?

Back 53

Increased metabolism.

Front 54

Antagonist

Back 54

Muscle that's opposite of prime mover at joint.

Front 55

Agonist/Prime mover

Back 55

Muscle primarily responsible for a given joint action.

Front 56

Synergist

Back 56

Same thing as prime mover, but smaller.

Front 57

Levator

Back 57

Lifts things.

Front 58

Fixator

Back 58

Holds origin in place.

Front 59

Cleido

Back 59

Collar Bone

Front 60

Popliteus

Back 60

Back of knee

Front 61

Genio

Back 61

Chin

Front 62

Captis

Back 62

Head

Front 63

Costal

Back 63

Ribs

Front 64

Nuchal

Back 64

Neck

Front 65

Inguinal

Back 65

Groin

Front 66

Palpebrae

Back 66

Eye Lids

Front 67

Psoas

Back 67

Loin, Lower back

Front 68

What physical evidence supports the sliding filament theory?

Back 68

(2) Lines get closer together. (movement)

Front 69

Orbicularis oris

Back 69

Kissing muscle.

Front 70

Function of a muscle that inserts on the olecranon process.

Back 70

Extend foramen.

Front 71

Function of a muscle that inserts on the mandible.

Back 71

Chewing or biting.

Front 72

Function of a muscle that inserts on the hyoid bone.

Back 72

Tongue.

Front 73

Parellel

Back 73

Fasicles parellel with one another.

Front 74

Unipennate

Back 74

Common angle.

Front 75

Circular

Back 75

Circular/Circle.

Front 76

Fast twitch muscle

Back 76

(Chicken breast/Lighter meat)Power=Isometric. Anaerobic, Decreased myoglobin, Decreased mitochondria, Increased Glucose, Decreased blood supply.

Front 77

Slow twitch muscle

Back 77

(Chicken Legs/Dark Meat)
Endurance=Isomotic. Aerobic. Increased Myoglobin. Increased Mitochondria, Increased Fat, Increased Blood Supply.

Front 78

Origin

Back 78

Muscle attach. No movement.

Front 79

Insertion

Back 79

Moving bone.

Front 80

Steps that occur in skeletal muscle contraction.

Back 80

(Step 1a.) Resting sarcomere, (Step 1b.) Calcium hits tropomyosin (active site exposure), (Step 2) Cross bridge attachment, (Step 3) Pivoting of myosin head, (Step 4) Cross bridge attachment [you get energy<atp and adp+pi], (Step 5) Myosin reactivation, (ATP-ase) When you break it apart you get energy. (Atp and adp+pi)

Front 81

Where does the occipitalis muscle originate?

Back 81

Superior nuchal line.

Front 82

What is the action of the corrugator suppercilii?

Back 82

Wrinkles the eyebrow. "Supercillious look."

Front 83

What are the extrinsic muscles of the eye?

Back 83

Medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior rectus, oblique.

Front 84

Which muscle(s) originate at the iliac crest?

Back 84

Gluteus medius and maximus, tensor faschiae latae, quadratis lumbarum, transversus abdominus, abdomical oblique, iliacus.

Front 85

Where do the scalenes originate?

Back 85

Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae.

Front 86

Which muscle originates near (superior to) the pubic symphysis?

Back 86

Abdominus rectus.

Front 87

Which muscle originates along the entire length of the linea aspera?

Back 87

Vastus medialis.

Front 88

Which muscle unlocks the knee joint?

Back 88

Popliteus muscle.

Front 89

Which muscle is the major abductor of the arm?

Back 89

Deltoid.

Front 90

Which muscle extends the arm during pushups?

Back 90

Triceps.

Front 91

Name 4 muscles of the hamstring group:

Back 91

Semimembranosus, semitendonosus, biceps femoris, and gracilis.

Front 92

Which knee flexor originates superior to the acetabulum?

Back 92

Satorius.

Front 93

Where is the origin of the flexor hallicus longus?

Back 93

Posterior surface of fibula.

Front 94

What muscle opposes the gastrocnemius?

Back 94

Tibialis anterior.

Front 95

What abdominal muscle(s) lies to either side of the linea alba?

Back 95

Abdominus rectus (belly).

Front 96

How much force (in lbs.) can a 1 in. diameter parallel muscle generate?

Back 96

50 lbs per square inch.

Front 97

Which muscles are involved in breathing (inhale & exhale)?

Back 97

Diapraghm (75%) Intercoastals (25%)

Front 98

Which muscles make up the rotator cuff?

Back 98

(Shoulder) Superaspinaneous, infraspinaeous, tearis minera subscapularis.

Front 99

What is compartment syndrome?

Back 99

When blood vessels burst,and slow new blood coming in.

Front 100

What is the action of gluteus maximus?

Back 100

Extends legs.

Front 101

Which muscle(s) could be cut to correct crossed-eyes?

Back 101

media rectus.

Front 102

What is the action of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

Back 102

flexes wrist.

Front 103

rectus

Back 103

run parellel with axis.-->|||

Front 104

transverse

Back 104

across axis (perpendicular)
--> ====

Front 105

oblique

Back 105

angle --> ///

Front 106

flexor

Back 106

decrease angle

Front 107

extensor

Back 107

increase angle

Front 108

levator

Back 108

lift

Front 109

depressor

Back 109

push down

Front 110

Sphincter

Back 110

circular motion

Front 111

tensor

Back 111

tightens body part.

Front 112

rotator

Back 112

rotate something.

Front 113

deltoid

Back 113

triangle

Front 114

serratus

Back 114

serrated (like a knife)

Front 115

trapezius

Back 115

trapezoid

Front 116

rhomboideus

Back 116

romboid