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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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dendrite
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branches of cell body that recieve stimulation
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axon
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stem of nerve, conducts impulse
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axon terminal/
neurotransmitter vesicles |
at end of axon, transmits signal by releasing acetocholine
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action potential
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negative wave of electricity that depolarized the membrane
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threshold
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minimal stimulus needed to produce the action potential
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acetocholine
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neurotransmitter that jump the synaptic gap
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calcium 2+ ions
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released when t-tubules are depolarized, cause tropomin and tropomyosin to move which exposes mysoin binding sites
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A Band
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part of sarcomere that is the myosin, doesnt change length during contraction
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I band
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part of sarcomere that is the action, changes length during contraction
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Z line
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runs down through I band, connects myofibrils
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H zone
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lighter middle region of a-badn with no actin overlap
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myosin crossbridges
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connect with actin to pull fibers across one another, bind to certain sites that have been filled with calcium. not simultneous
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actin
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2 parts: stringy tropomyosin
globby tropomin thin filament |
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red/slow muscle
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sustained activity, fatigue resistant. lots of capillaries. aerobic atp production
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red/fast muscle
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intermediate
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white/fast
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fatigue fast, very strong short bursts of activity. few cappilaries, anerobic
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aerobic energy equation
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2 ATP + C6H12O6 + 02 with enzymes
CO2 + H20 + 38 ATP |
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anaerobic energy lactic acid fermentation
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2 ATP + C6H12O6 with enzymes
CH3CH2COOH + 4 ATP |
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anaerobic energy ETHYL ALCOHOL FERMENTATION acid fermentation
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2 ATP + C6H12O6 with enzymes
C2H5OH + 1 ATP |
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creatin phosphate anaerobic respiration
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creatin HE P
with enzymes creatin + P + energy |
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sarcoplasmic reticulum
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network of tubules and sacs that contain ca2+ ions
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all or none
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increasing strength of stimulus will not force muscle to contract more
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twitch
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when stimulus activates only a few motor neurons, so that portion of the muscle contracts and relaxes
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tetanic contraction
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when muscle is being stimulated so rapidly it cant relax in between and stays iin sustained conraction
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tetany/contracture
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sustaines prolonged tetanic contraction
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H zone
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lighter middle region of a-badn with no actin overlap
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myosin crossbridges
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connect with actin to pull fibers across one another, bind to certain sites that have been filled with calcium. not simultneous
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actin
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2 parts: stringy tropomyosin
globby tropomin thin filament |
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red/slow muscle
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sustained activity, fatigue resistant. lots of capillaries. aerobic atp production
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red/fast muscle
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intermediate
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white/fast
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fatigue fast, very strong short bursts of activity. few cappilaries, anerobic
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aerobic energy equation
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2 ATP + C6H12O6 + 02 with enzymes
CO2 + H20 + 38 ATP |
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anaerobic energy lactic acid fermentation
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2 ATP + C6H12O6 with enzymes
CH3CH2COOH + 4 ATP |
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anaerobic energy ETHYL ALCOHOL FERMENTATION acid fermentation
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2 ATP + C6H12O6 with enzymes
C2H5OH + 1 ATP |
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creatin phosphate anaerobic respiration
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creatin HE P
with enzymes creatin + P + energy |
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sarcoplasmic reticulum
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network of tubules and sacs that contain ca2+ ions
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all or none
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increasing strength of stimulus will not force muscle to contract more
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twitch
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when stimulus activates only a few motor neurons, so that portion of the muscle contracts and relaxes
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tetanic contraction
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when muscle is being stimulated so rapidly it cant relax in between and stays iin sustained conraction
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tetany/contracture
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sustaines prolonged tetanic contraction
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treppe
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gradual increase in muscle contraction following repeated stimuli
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isometric contraction
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length remains the same, tension increases
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isotonic contraction
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length decreases, tension stays the same
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atrophy
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a decrease in muscle size and strength due to little or weak use
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muscle fatigue
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lactic acid build up causes muscle to be painful and fatigue. wall!
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myoglobin
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in skeletal muscle, responsible for binding O2, makes muscles look red. reduces need for continuous blood supply.
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oxygen debt
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liver cells change lactic acid back into glucose but needs ATP which is absent during activity, LA accumulates, and oxygen must be paid back later
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muscular dystrophy
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genetic abnormality, deterioration of muscle
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tetanus
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caused by bacterium clostriorium tetani which causes muscles to go into tetany
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epimysium
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membrane covering muscles
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perimysium
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membrane covering fascicles
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synaptic gap
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space between motor end plate and muscle membrane
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