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40 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

3 types

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Skeletal muscle

40-50% body weight


Cross wire stripes or striations


Contractions voluntarily controlled

Cardiac muscle

Cells branch frequently


Unique dark bands called intercalated disks


Interconnected cells allow heart to contract efficiently as a unit

Smooth muscle (visceral) involuntary muscle

No striations, appears smooth


Found in walls of hollow visceral structures: digestive tract, blood vessels, and uretus


Contractions involuntary

Masseter

Chewing- mastication

Corrugator supercilii

Draws eyebrows together, frowning

Trapezius

Raises and lowers shoulders or shrugs them

Latissmus dorsi

Extends and adducts the upper arm

Triceps brachii

Posterior arm muscle that extends the forearm

Biceps brachii (least used) triceps brachii (most used)

Pressing weight overhead

Teres minor

Rotates the arm backeards

Hamstring group

Injuries are on posterior side

Muscles in the body?

More than 600

Sarcomeres

Segments of myofibril between 2 successive 2-lines

Synergist

Muscle whose contractions help the prime mover produce a given movement

Fixator

Muscles that help maintain posture or balance during contractions of muscles in the arms and legs

Posture- tonic contractions

Enables maintenance of body position

Tonic contractions

Produce no movement of body parts


Maintain muscle tone called posture

Fever

An elevated body temp, often a sign of illness (98.6 or 37C)


Amount of fever determins the amount of illness

Hypothermia

Reduced body temperature that slows down all metabolic activity

Twitch contractions

Laboratory phenomena, single contraction of muscle fibers caused by a single threshold stimulus- dead rat has electric stimuli applied to allowed muscles to contract, make a dead rat wave

Tetanic "spasm" contraction

Sustained and steady muscular bombarding a muscle in rapid succession or tetanus- charlie horse or eye twitch

Isotonic contractions- normal movement

Contractions of a muscle that produces movement at a joint

Cramp

Painful muscle movement

Sliding filament model explains mechanism of contraction

Thick (myosin) and thin (actin) myofilaments slide past each other as a muscle contracts


Contraction requires calcium and energy-rich ATP molecules

Isometric contractions

Muscle contractions that do not produce movement, the muscle as a while does not shorten (flexing stomach) tension in the muscle increases

Rigor mortis

"Stiffness of death"


ATP is no longer produced to "turn off" the muscle contraction

Exercise

Practiced improves muscle tone and posture, more efficient heart and lung functions and reduces fatigue

Atrophy

Muscle size decreases

Hypertrophy

Increasing muscle size

Strength training

Contractions of muscles against heavy resistance

Endurance (aerobic) training

Exercise that increases endurance

Perimysium

Connective tissue sketch (skeletal muscle fibers) that envelopes bundles of muscle fibers

Purposeful movement of is determined by:

Relationship of muscle to joints


How muscles are attached to the skeleton


The manner in which muscles are grouped

Muscle fiber

Skeletal muscle cell

Sarcomere

Smallest unit of a muscle

Sarcolemma

Plasma membrane of a muscle fiber

Glycose

Glucose is stored as glycose

Antagonist

Muscle whose contractions help the prime mover produce a given movement

Prime mover (agonist)

Muscle whose actions oppose the action of the prime mover in any given movement