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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
3 types |
Skeletal, cardiac, smooth |
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Skeletal muscle |
40-50% body weight Cross wire stripes or striations Contractions voluntarily controlled |
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Cardiac muscle |
Cells branch frequently Unique dark bands called intercalated disks Interconnected cells allow heart to contract efficiently as a unit |
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Smooth muscle (visceral) involuntary muscle |
No striations, appears smooth Found in walls of hollow visceral structures: digestive tract, blood vessels, and uretus Contractions involuntary |
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Masseter |
Chewing- mastication |
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Corrugator supercilii |
Draws eyebrows together, frowning |
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Trapezius |
Raises and lowers shoulders or shrugs them |
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Latissmus dorsi |
Extends and adducts the upper arm |
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Triceps brachii |
Posterior arm muscle that extends the forearm |
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Biceps brachii (least used) triceps brachii (most used) |
Pressing weight overhead |
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Teres minor |
Rotates the arm backeards |
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Hamstring group |
Injuries are on posterior side |
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Muscles in the body? |
More than 600 |
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Sarcomeres |
Segments of myofibril between 2 successive 2-lines |
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Synergist |
Muscle whose contractions help the prime mover produce a given movement |
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Fixator |
Muscles that help maintain posture or balance during contractions of muscles in the arms and legs |
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Posture- tonic contractions |
Enables maintenance of body position |
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Tonic contractions |
Produce no movement of body parts Maintain muscle tone called posture |
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Fever |
An elevated body temp, often a sign of illness (98.6 or 37C) Amount of fever determins the amount of illness |
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Hypothermia |
Reduced body temperature that slows down all metabolic activity |
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Twitch contractions |
Laboratory phenomena, single contraction of muscle fibers caused by a single threshold stimulus- dead rat has electric stimuli applied to allowed muscles to contract, make a dead rat wave |
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Tetanic "spasm" contraction |
Sustained and steady muscular bombarding a muscle in rapid succession or tetanus- charlie horse or eye twitch |
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Isotonic contractions- normal movement |
Contractions of a muscle that produces movement at a joint |
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Cramp |
Painful muscle movement |
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Sliding filament model explains mechanism of contraction |
Thick (myosin) and thin (actin) myofilaments slide past each other as a muscle contracts Contraction requires calcium and energy-rich ATP molecules |
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Isometric contractions |
Muscle contractions that do not produce movement, the muscle as a while does not shorten (flexing stomach) tension in the muscle increases |
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Rigor mortis |
"Stiffness of death" ATP is no longer produced to "turn off" the muscle contraction |
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Exercise |
Practiced improves muscle tone and posture, more efficient heart and lung functions and reduces fatigue |
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Atrophy |
Muscle size decreases |
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Hypertrophy |
Increasing muscle size |
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Strength training |
Contractions of muscles against heavy resistance |
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Endurance (aerobic) training |
Exercise that increases endurance |
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Perimysium |
Connective tissue sketch (skeletal muscle fibers) that envelopes bundles of muscle fibers |
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Purposeful movement of is determined by: |
Relationship of muscle to joints How muscles are attached to the skeleton The manner in which muscles are grouped |
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Muscle fiber |
Skeletal muscle cell |
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Sarcomere |
Smallest unit of a muscle |
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Sarcolemma |
Plasma membrane of a muscle fiber |
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Glycose |
Glucose is stored as glycose |
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Antagonist |
Muscle whose contractions help the prime mover produce a given movement |
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Prime mover (agonist) |
Muscle whose actions oppose the action of the prime mover in any given movement |