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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Excitability
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Especially notable response to stimuli
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Contractility
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Shortens
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Extensibility
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Can stretch
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Elasticity
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Returns to original shape
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Motion
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total body movement
walking running localized movement (grasping pencil or nodding head) relys on bones, joints, and muscles |
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Heat Production
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muscle tissue produces heat; heat released by muscle is to maintain body temp.; involuntary muscle contraction of the skeletal increases body temp.
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Maintain posture
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postural muscles contract continuously when a person stabilized joints and maintain body position
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Skeletal, straited, or voluntary
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moves bones of skeleton; alternating can be continuously controlled
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Cardiac or heart
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found in heart
form wall of heart straited involuntary |
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Smooth, non-straited, or involuntary or viseral
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associated with visceral organs
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Fascia
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Flat or membranous sheet of conn. tissue
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Superficial fascia
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Also called "hypodermis" or "subcutaneus" tissue
separates muscle from skin |
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Deep fascia
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associated with muscles
binds and separates muscles, strengthens them, and allows for movement gives rise to epimysium, perimysium, tendons, aponeuroses and tendon sheaths associated with skeletal muscles |
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Epimysium
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Around entire muscle organ
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Fasciculi(fasciles)
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A group or bundle of muscle fibers
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Perimysium
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Surrounds or defines a fascicle
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Endomysium
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Around each muscle cell
outermost layer |
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Sarcolemma
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Cell membrane of muscle cell
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Muscle cell, muscle fiber or myofiber
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muscle cell
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Tendon
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connects muscle to bone
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Aponeurosis
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A broad flat tendon
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Tendon (synovial) sheath
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Sim. to bursae
certain tendons, esp. those of the wrist and ankle, are enclosed in tubes of fibrous conn. tissue |
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Visceral layer
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inner layer of tendon sheath is attached to surface of tendon
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Parietal layer
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outermost layer of tendon sheath, and is attached to the bone
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Tendon (synovial) sheath
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Visceral layer
Parietal layer |
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Typical
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one artery and one or two veins with a nerve; each muscle cell in close contact with one or more capillaries
each muscle fiber innervated by a nerve process |
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Muscle cell (fiber) or myofiber
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muscle fiber
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Sarcolemma
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plasma membrane of the muscle fiber
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Sarcoplasm
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cytoplasm of the muscle fiber
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Sarcoplasmic reticulum
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Series of membrane enclosed channels; comparable to E.R.
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T-tubule (transverse tubule)
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At right angles to long axis of cell
opens to outside of sarcolemma - contains extracellular fluid |
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Triad
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consists of T-tubule and adjacent terminal cisternae
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Myofibrils
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consists of 3 types of myofilaments; thin myofilaments; thick myofilaments; strutural proteins
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Thin myofilaments
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Actin
Tropomyosin Troponin Tropomyosin-Troponin complex |
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Actin
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Contractile
have myosin binding sites bean or pea shaped twisted together into a helix |
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Tropomyosin
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cover myosin binding sites on actin in a relaxed muscle fiber
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Troponin
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Holds tropomyosin strands together
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Tropomyosin-Troponin complex
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means that they are hooked together chemically
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Myosin
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Looks like two golf clubs twisted together
a "motor protein" - uses ATP to push or pull molecules |
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Thick myofilaments
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Myosin
Cross bridges (myosin heads) |
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Cross bridges (myosin heads)
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the golf clubs heads
have actin binding sites |
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Structural proteins
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Titin
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Structural proteins
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Not as abundant as contractile proteins (actin or myosin) for alignment, stability, elasticity, extensibility etc. of myofibrils
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Titin (connectin)
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One example is titan = gigantic = anchors thick filaments to the Z line (disc); helps in recoil after contraction
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Sarcomere
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stack or unit of myofilaments
from z line to z line |
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Z line
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Define sarcomere
pass through I band narrow plate shaped |
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A (anisotropic) band
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Thick and thin myofilaments that overlap eachother
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I (isotropic) band
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Thin myofilaments only
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H zone
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Thick myofilaments only
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M line
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Middle of H zone
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The sliding filament mechanism
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muscle contraction
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move inwards
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What happens to thin myofilaments during muscle contraction?
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Shorten
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What happens to sarcomeres during muscle contraction?
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stay the same
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What happens to the length of thick and thin myofilaments during muscle contraction?
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Shortens to gone
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What happens to the width of the H zone during muscle contraction?
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Make on/off contact with actin
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What happens to cross bridges (myosin heads) during muscle contraction?
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Motor unit
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Nerve
Motor Neuron Axon Axon terminals Synaptic end bulbs Synaptic vescicles Synapse |
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Nerve
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nerve muscle
helps supply motor units bundle axons traveling together |
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Motor neuron
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Neurons that stimulate skeletal muscle fibers to contract
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Axon
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threadlike extension from brain or spinal cord to a group of skeletal muscle fibers
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Axon terminals (telodendria)
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Dendrites
synaptic end bulbs |
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Synaptic end bulbs (plates, feet, and knobs)
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the motor neuron axon terminal divides into a cluster
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Synaptic vesiscles
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store and release neurotransmitters
sac like structure released into synapse |
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Synapse
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space btwn bulbs and sarcolemma
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Red muscle fibers
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More myoglobin
More mitochondria Greater vascular supply Small fiber diameter |
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White muscle fibers
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less myoglobin
less mitochondria lesser vascular supply larger fiber diameter |