Muscle Oia's

Front 1

epicranius, frontal belly

Back 1

Origin: galea aponeurotica
Insertion: skin of eyebrows
Action: raises eyebrows

Front 2

epicranius, posterior belly

Back 2

Origin: superior nuchal line, temporal bone
Insertion: galea aponeurotica
Action: fixes galea aponeurotica

Front 3

orbicularis oculi

Back 3

Origin: frontal bone, maxillary bone
Insertion: eyelid
Action: closes eye

Front 4

zygomaticus major

Back 4

Origin: zygomatic bone
Insertion: skin and muscle
Action: smiling

Front 5

zygomaticus minor

Back 5

Origin: zygomatic bone
Insertion: skin and muscle
Action: smiling

Front 6

orbicularis oris

Back 6

Origin: other facial muscles
Insertion: other facial muscles
Action: purses lips

Front 7

platysma

Back 7

Origin: pectoral/deltoid fascia
Insertion: skin and muscle
Action: lowers lips, depresses mandible

Front 8

masseter

Back 8

Origin: zygomatic arch
Insertion: mandibular angle and mandibular ramus
Action: elevates mandible

Front 9

temporalis

Back 9

Origin: temporal fossa
Insertion: coronoid process of the mandible
Action: elevates mandible and retracts mandible

Front 10

genioglossus

Back 10

Origin: mandible
Insertion: tongue and hyoid
Action: protracts tongue

Front 11

geniohyoid

Back 11

Origin: mandible
Insertion: hyoid
Action: elevates hyoid and pulls anterior

Front 12

digastric, anterior and posterior bellies

Back 12

Origin: mandible
Insertion: hyoid
Action: elevates hyoid or depresses mandible if hyoid fixed

Front 13

mylohyoid

Back 13

Origin: mandible
Insertion: hyoid
Action: elevates hyoid and floor of mouth

Front 14

stylohyoid

Back 14

Origin: styloid process
Insertion: hyoid
Action: elevates and retracts hyoid

Front 15

sternohyoid

Back 15

Origin: sternum, clavicle
Insertion: hyoid
Action: depresses hyoid

Front 16

sternothyroid

Back 16

Origin: sternum
Insertion: thyroid cartilage
Action: depresses larynx

Front 17

thyrohyoid

Back 17

Origin: thyroid cartilage
Insertion: hyoid
Action: depresses hyoid (or elevates larynx)

Front 18

omohyoid, superior and inferior bellies

Back 18

Origin: scapula
Insertion: hyoid
Action: depresses and retracts hyoid

Front 19

sternocleidomastoid

Back 19

Origin: manubrium, medial clavicle
Insertion: mastoid process, superior nuchal line
Action: flexes and rotates the head

Front 20

scalenes - anterior, middle, and posterior

Back 20

Origin: transverse processes
Insertion: ribs 1 and 2
Action: elevates ribs, flexes neck, rotates neck

Front 21

pectoralis major

Back 21

Origin: clavicle, sternum, ribs
Insertion: greater tubercle
Action: flexes arm at shoulder, rotates arm medially, adducts arm

Front 22

pectoralis minor

Back 22

Origin: ribs
Insertion: coracoid process of the scapula
Action: depresses scapula, rotates scapula downwards

Front 23

serratus anterior

Back 23

Origin: ribs
Insertion: vertebral border of the scapula
Action: rotates scapula upwards, protracts scapula

Front 24

external intercostals

Back 24

Origin: superior ribs
Insertion: inferior ribs
Action: elevates rib cage

Front 25

internal intercostals

Back 25

Origin: inferior ribs
Insertion: superior ribs
Action: depresses rib cage

Front 26

external oblique

Back 26

Origin: ribs
Insertion: linea alba, pubic crest, pubic tubercle, iliac crest
Action: flexes and rotates vertebral column, compresses abdomen

Front 27

internal oblique

Back 27

Origin: lumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament
Insertion: linea alba, pubic crest, ribs
Action: flexes and rotates vertebral column, compresses abdomen

Front 28

rectus abdominus

Back 28

Origin: pubic crest, pubic symphysis
Insertion: xiphoid process, costal cartilages
Action: flexes and rotates vertebral column, compresses abdomen

Front 29

transversus abdominis

Back 29

Origin: inguinal ligament, costal cartilages, iliac crest, lumbar fascia
Insertion: linea alba, pubic crest
Action: compresses abdominal contents

Front 30

deltoid

Back 30

Origin: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, spine of scapula, acromion process of the scapula
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity
Action: abducts arm; flexes arm at shoulder, rotates arm medially, extends arm at shoulder, rotates arm laterally

Front 31

biceps brachii, long head

Back 31

Origin: supraglenoid tubercle
Insertion: radial tuberosity
Action: flexes forearm at elbow, supinates forearm

Front 32

biceps brachii, short head

Back 32

Origin: coracoid process
Insertion: radial tuberosity
Action: flexes forearm at elbow, supinates forearm

Front 33

brachialis

Back 33

Origin: anterior humerus
Insertion: coronoid process of the ulna
Action: flexes forearm at elbow

Front 34

coracobrachialis

Back 34

Origin: coracoid process
Insertion: humerus shaft
Action: flexes arm at shoulder, adducts arm

Front 35

brachioradialis

Back 35

Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge
Insertion: styloid process of the radius
Action: flexes forearm at elbow, stabilizes elbow during flexion and extension

Front 36

extensor carpi radialis longus

Back 36

Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge
Insertion: 2nd metacarpal
Action: extends hand at wrist, abducts hand

Front 37

extensor carpi radialis brevis

Back 37

Origin: lateral epicondyle
Insertion: 3rd metacarpal
Action: extends hand at wrist, abducts hand

Front 38

extensor digitorum

Back 38

Origin: lateral epicondyle
Insertion: distal phalanges of 2nd to 5th digit
Action: extends distal interphalangeal joints, extends hand at wrist

Front 39

extensor carpi ulnaris

Back 39

Origin: lateral epicondyle, ulna
Insertion: 5th metacarpal
Action: extends hand at wrist, adducts hand

Front 40

supinator

Back 40

Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus, proximal ulna
Insertion: radius
Action: supinates forearm

Front 41

abductor pollicis longus

Back 41

Origin: radius, ulna, interosseous membrane
Insertion: trapezium, 1st metacarpal
Action: abducts pollex

Front 42

extensor pollicis brevis

Back 42

Origin: radius, ulna, interosseous membrane
Insertion: proximal phalanx of pollex
Action: extends 1st metacarpal-phalangeal joint

Front 43

extensor pollicis longus

Back 43

Origin: radius, ulna, interosseous membrane
Insertion: distal phalanx of pollex
Action: extends 1st interphalangeal joint

Front 44

extensor indicis

Back 44

Origin: ulna, interosseous membrane
Insertion: distal phalanx of 2nd digit
Action: extends 2nd distal interphalangeal joint

Front 45

extensor digiti minimi

Back 45

Origin: lateral epicondyle
Insertion: distal phalanx of 5th digit
Action: extends 5th distal interphalangeal joint

Front 46

anconeus

Back 46

Origin: lateral epicondyle
Insertion: olecranon process
Action: abducts ulna during pronation

Front 47

dorsal interossei

Back 47

Origin: metacarpals
Insertion: extensor expansions
Action: abducts fingers, flex metacarpals, extend phalanges

Front 48

sartorius

Back 48

Origin: anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: tibia
Action: flexes thigh at hip, rotates thigh laterally, abducts thigh, flexes leg at knee

Front 49

tensor fascia(e) latae

Back 49

Origin: anterior superior iliac spine, iliac crest
Insertion: iliotibial tract
Action: flexes thigh at hip, abducts thigh, rotates thigh medially

Front 50

iliopsoas

Back 50

Origin: iliac fossa, ala of the sacrum, transverse processes
Insertion: lesser trochanter
Action: flexes thigh at hip, flexes vertebral column

Front 51

pectineus

Back 51

Origin: superior ramus of the pubis
Insertion: linea aspera
Action: adducts thigh, flexes thigh at hip, rotates thigh medially

Front 52

rectus femoris

Back 52

Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine
Insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity via tendon of quadriceps femoris and patellar ligament
Action: extends leg at knee, flexes thigh at hip

Front 53

vastus lateralis

Back 53

Origin: greater trochanter, intertrochanteric line, linea aspera
Insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity via tendon of quadriceps femoris and patellar ligament
Action: extends leg at knee, stabilizes knee

Front 54

vastus medialis

Back 54

Origin: linea aspera, intertrochanteric line
Insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity via tendon of quadriceps femoris and patellar ligament
Action: extends leg at knee, stabilizes patella

Front 55

vastus intermedius

Back 55

Origin: proximal shaft of femur
Insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity via tendon of quadriceps femoris and patellar ligament
Action: extends leg at knee

Front 56

gracilis

Back 56

Origin: body and inferior ramus of pubic bone
Insertion: tibia
Action: adducts thigh, flexes leg, medially rotates leg

Front 57

adductor longus

Back 57

Origin: superior ramus
Insertion: linea aspera
Action: adducts thigh, flexes thigh, medially rotates thigh

Front 58

adductor brevis

Back 58

Origin: body and inferior ramus
Insertion: linea aspera
Action: adducts thigh, medially rotates thigh

Front 59

adductor magnus

Back 59

Origin: inferior ramus, ischial ramus, ischial tuberosity
Insertion: linea aspera, adductor tubercle
Action: adducts thigh, medially rotates thigh, flexes thigh

Front 60

tibialis anterior

Back 60

Origin: lateral condyle of the tibia, interosseous membrane
Insertion: medial cuneiform, 1st metatarsal
Action: dorsiflexes foot, inverts foot

Front 61

extensor hallucis longus

Back 61

Origin: fibula, interosseous membrane
Insertion: distal phalanx of the great toe
Action: dorsiflexes foot, extends great toe

Front 62

extensor digitorum longus

Back 62

Origin: lateral condyle of the tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane
Insertion: middle and distal phalanges of 2nd-5th digits
Action: extends toes

Front 63

fibularis (peroneus) tertius

Back 63

Origin: fibula, interosseous membrane
Insertion: 5th metatarsal
Action: dorsiflexes foot, everts foot

Front 64

fibularis (peroneus) longus

Back 64

Origin: head of fibula
Insertion: medial cuneiform, 1st metatarsal
Action: plantar flexes foot, everts foot

Front 65

fibularis (peroneus) brevis

Back 65

Origin: shaft of fibula
Insertion: 5th metatarsal
Action: plantar flexes foot, everts foot

Front 66

extensor digitorum brevis

Back 66

Origin: calcaneus
Insertion: 1st proximal phalanx base, extensor expansions
Action: extends toes

Front 67

flexor digitorum brevis

Back 67

Origin: calcaneal tuberosity
Insertion: middle phalanges
Action: flexes toes

Front 68

abductor hallucis

Back 68

Origin: calcaneal tuberosity
Insertion: 1st proximal phalanx
Action: abducts big toe

Front 69

abductor digit minimi

Back 69

Origin: calcaneal tuberosity
Insertion: 5th proximal phalanx
Action: abducts & flexes 5th toe

Front 70

flexor accesorius

Back 70

Origin: calcaneus
Insertion: flexor digitorum longus tendons
Action: straightens out oblique pull of flexor digitorum longus

Front 71

lumbricals (foot)

Back 71

Origin: flexor digitorum longus tendons
Insertion: extensor expansions
Action: flex metatarsals, extend phalanges

Front 72

flexor hallucis brevis

Back 72

Origin: lateral cuneiforum, cuboid
Insertion: 1st proximal phalanx
Action: flexes 1st toe

Front 73

adductor hallucis

Back 73

Origin: metatarsal bases
Insertion: 1st proximal phalanx
Action: adducts toe

Front 74

flexor digiti minimi brevis (toe)

Back 74

Origin: 5th metatarsal base
Insertion: 5th proximal phalanx
Action: flexes 5th toe

Front 75

plantar interossei

Back 75

Origin: metatarsals
Insertion: extensor expansions
Action: abducts toes, flex metatarsals, extends phalanges

Front 76

trapezius

Back 76

Origin: superior nuchal line, spinous processes
Insertion: clavicle, spine of scapula, acromion process
Action: elevates scapula, depresses scapula, rotates scapula, adducts scapula

Front 77

latissimus dorsi

Back 77

Origin: spinous processes, ribs, iliac crest
Insertion: intertubercular groove
Action: extends arm at shoulder, adducts arm, rotates arm medially

Front 78

levator scapula(e)

Back 78

Origin: transverse processes
Insertion: vertebral border
Action: elevates scapula, downwardly rotates scapula

Front 79

rhomboid major

Back 79

Origin: spinous processes
Insertion: vertebral border
Action: adducts scapula, downwardly rotates scapula

Front 80

rhomboid minor

Back 80

Origin: spinous processes
Insertion: vertebral border
Action: adducts scapula, downwardly rotates scapula

Front 81

supraspinatus

Back 81

Origin: supraspinous fossa
Insertion: greater tubercle
Action: abducts arm

Front 82

infraspinatus

Back 82

Origin: infraspinous fossa
Insertion: greater tubercle
Action: rotates arm laterally

Front 83

teres major

Back 83

Origin: inferior angle
Insertion: lesser tubercle
Action: adducts arm, extends arm at shoulder, rotates arm medially

Front 84

teres minor

Back 84

Origin: lateral border
Insertion: greater tubercle
Action: rotates arm laterally

Front 85

subscapularis

Back 85

Origin: subscapular fossa
Insertion: lesser tubercle
Action: rotates arm medially

Front 86

splenius capitis

Back 86

Origin: spinous processes
Insertion: mastoid process, occipital bone
Action: extends vertebral column

Front 87

semispinalis capitis

Back 87

Origin: transverse processes
Insertion: occipital bone
Action: extends vertebral column

Front 88

iliocostalis

Back 88

Origin: iliac crest, ribs
Insertion: ribs, transverse processes
Action: extends vertebral column

Front 89

longissiumus

Back 89

Origin: transverse processes
Insertion: mastoid process
Action: extends vertebral column

Front 90

spinalis

Back 90

Origin: spinous processes
Insertion: spinous processes
Action: extends vertebral column

Front 91

triceps brachii, long head

Back 91

Origin: infraglenoid tubercle
Insertion: olecranon process
Action: extends forearm

Front 92

triceps brachii, lateral head

Back 92

Origin: humerus shaft
Insertion: olecranon process
Action: extends forearm

Front 93

triceps brachii, medial head

Back 93

Origin: humerus shaft
Insertion: olecranon process
Action: extends forearm

Front 94

flexor carpi radialis

Back 94

Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion: 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
Action: flexes hand at wrist, abducts hand

Front 95

palmaris longus

Back 95

Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion: palmar aponeurosis
Action: flexes hand at wrist

Front 96

flexor carpi ulnaris

Back 96

Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus, olecranon process of the ulna, shaft of the ulna
Insertion: pisiform, hamate, 5th metacarpal
Action: flexes hand at wrist, adducts hand

Front 97

flexor digitorum superificialis

Back 97

Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus, coronoid process of the ulna, shaft of radius
Insertion: middle phalanges
Action: flexes hand at wrist, flexes proximal interphalangeal joints

Front 98

flexor digitorum profundus

Back 98

Origin: ulna and interosseous membrane
Insertion: distal phalanges
Action: flexes distal interphalangeal joints

Front 99

flexor pollicis longus

Back 99

Origin: anterior radius and interosseous membrane
Insertion: distal phalanx of pollex
Action: flexes 1st interphalangeal joint

Front 100

pronator quadratus

Back 100

Origin: ulna
Insertion: radius
Action: pronates forearm

Front 101

pronator teres

Back 101

Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion: lateral radius
Action: pronates forearm

Front 102

abductor pollicis brevis

Back 102

Origin: carpals
Insertion: 1st proximal phalanx
Action: abducts thumb

Front 103

flexor pollicis brevis

Back 103

Origin: trapezium, flexor renaticulum
Insertion: 1st proximal phalanx
Action: flexes thumb

Front 104

opponens pollicis brevis

Back 104

Origin: trapezium, flexor retinaculum
Insertion: 1st metacarpal
Action: opposition

Front 105

adductor pollicis

Back 105

Origin: capitate, metacarpal bases 2-4
Insertion: 1st proximal phalanx
Action: adducts thumb, helps with opposition

Front 106

abductor digiti minimi

Back 106

Origin: pisiform
Insertion: 5th proximal phalanx
Action: abducts 5th digit

Front 107

flexor digit minimi brevis (finger)

Back 107

Origin: hamate, flexor retinaculum
Insertion: 5th proximal phalanx
Action: flexes 5th metacarpophalangeal joint

Front 108

opponens digit minimi

Back 108

Origin: hamate, flexor retinaculum
Insertion: 5th metacarpal
Action: opposition

Front 109

lumbricals (hand)

Back 109

Origin: flexor digitorum profundus tendons
Insertion: extensor expansions
Action: flex metacarpophalangeal joints

Front 110

palmar interossei

Back 110

Origin: metacarpals
Insertion: extensor expansions
Action: adduct fingers

Front 111

gluteus maximus

Back 111

Origin: gluteal surface
Insertion: iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity
Action: extends, laterally rotates, and abducts thigh

Front 112

gluteus medius

Back 112

Origin: gluteal surface
Insertion: greater trochanter
Action: abducts and medially rotates thigh

Front 113

gluteus minimus

Back 113

Origin: gluteal surface
Insertion: greater trochanter
Action: abducts and medially rotates thigh

Front 114

piriformis

Back 114

Origin: sacrum
Insertion: greater trochanter
Action: laterally rotates extended thigh

Front 115

superior and inferior gemmelus

Back 115

Origin: ischial spine, ischial tuberosity
Insertion: greater trochanter
Action: laterally rotates extended thigh

Front 116

obturator internus

Back 116

Origin: greater sciatic notch, obturator foramen
Insertion: greater trochanter
Action: laterally rotates extended thigh

Front 117

biceps femoris, long head

Back 117

Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: head of the fibula, lateral condyle of the tibia
Action: extends thigh at hip, flexes leg at knee, rotates leg laterally

Front 118

biceps femoris, short head

Back 118

Origin: linea aspera
Insertion: head of the fibula, lateral condyle of the tibia
Action: flexes leg at knee, rotates leg medially

Front 119

semitendinosus

Back 119

Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: shaft of tibia
Action: extends thigh at hip, flexes leg at knee, rotates leg medially

Front 120

semimembranosus

Back 120

Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial condyle of the tibia
Action: extends thigh at hip, flexes leg at knee, rotates thigh medially

Front 121

gastrocnemius

Back 121

Origin: lateral condyle of the femur, medial condyle of the femur
Insertion: calcaneus
Action: plantar flexes foot

Front 122

soleus

Back 122

Origin: tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane
Insertion: calcaneus
Action: plantar flexes foot

Front 123

tibialis posterior

Back 123

Origin: tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane
Insertion: navicular bone, metatarsals
Action: plantar flexes foot, inverts foot

Front 124

flexor digitorum longus

Back 124

Origin: shaft of tibia
Insertion: distal phalanges
Action: plantar flexes foot, inverts foot, flexes toes

Front 125

flexor hallucis longus

Back 125

Origin: shaft of the fibula, interosseous membrane
Insertion: distal phalanx of hallux
Action: plantar flexes foot, inverts foot, flexes big toe

Front 126

popliteus

Back 126

Origin: lateral condyle of femur
Insertion: proximal tibia
Action: flexes and medially rotate leg to unlock knee