Muscle Of The Leg And Foot

Front 1

The deep fascia of the leg is called ?

Back 1

crural fascia

Front 2

Crural fascia attaches 3 places?

Back 2

-proximally to epicondyles of femur and tibial tuberosity (continuous with fascia lata)
-along length of anterior tibia
-distally to medial and lateral malleolus

Front 3

What are the three specialized thickenings of crural fascia at ankle/what do they do?

Back 3

-extensor rentiaculum, fibular retinaculum, flexor rentinaculum
-serve to hold down tendons crossing ankle

Front 4

The leg is divided into ?

Back 4

interosseous membrane and 3 intermuscular septum

Front 5

The compartments of the leg (4) are called ?

Back 5

-anterior leg compartment
-lateral leg compartment
-superficial posterior leg compartment
-deep posterior leg compartment

Front 6

Muscles of the anterior leg compartment are oriented?

Back 6

muscles pass from leg to dorsal foot-cross anterior side of ankle joint

Front 7

Muscles of the anterior leg compartment produce what actions?

Back 7

dorsiflexion of ankle joint and extension of digits or inversion-eversion of foot

Front 8

Tibialis anterior m. belongs to what leg compartment?

Back 8

anterior

Front 9

Origin of tibialis anterior m.?

Back 9

anterior-lateral tibia and interosseous membrane

Front 10

Insertion of tibialis anterior m.?

Back 10

first metatarsal bone (medial side of foot)

Front 11

Action of tibialis anterior m.?

Back 11

dorsiflexion and inversion of foot

Front 12

Extensor digitorum longus m. belongs to what leg compartment?

Back 12

anterior

Front 13

Origin of extensor digitorum longus m.?

Back 13

anterior fibula (upper fibula)

Front 14

Insert of extensor digitorum longus m.?

Back 14

via 4 tendons to digits 2-5

Front 15

Action of extensor digitorum longus m.?

Back 15

extension of digits 2-5; dorsiflexion of foot

Front 16

Extensor hallucis longus m. belongs to what leg compartment?

Back 16

anterior

Front 17

Origin of extensor hallucis longus m.?

Back 17

anterior fibula (distal fibula)

Front 18

Insert of extensor hallucis longus m.?

Back 18

digit 1 (base of distal phalanx)

Front 19

Action of extensor hallucis longus m.?

Back 19

extension of big toe; dorsiflexion of foot

Front 20

Orientation of extensor hallucis longus m.?

Back 20

body of extensor hallucis longus is deep to tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus m. - its tendon passes across ankle between tendons of these 2 muscles

Front 21

Fibularis Tertius (peroneus tertius) m. belongs to what leg compartment?

Back 21

anterior

Front 22

Origin of fibularis tertius m.?

Back 22

anterior fibula (distal fibula)

Front 23

Insertion of fibularis tertius m.?

Back 23

5th metatarsal bone (lateral side of foot)

Front 24

Action of fibularis tertius m.?

Back 24

dorsiflexion and eversion of foot

Front 25

Extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis are where?

Back 25

only muscles on dorsum (top side) of foot

Front 26

Origin of extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis m.?

Back 26

calcaneus bone

Front 27

Insert of extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis m.?

Back 27

via 4 tendons to digit 1 (hallucis) and digits 2-4 (digitorum); tendons join with tendons of extensor hallucis longus or extensor digitorum

Front 28

Action of extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis m.?

Back 28

extends digits 1-4

Front 29

Orientation of muscles of lateral leg compartment?

Back 29

tendons pass down leg and behind lateral malleolus (posterior to ankle joint)

Front 30

Actions of muscles of lateral leg compartment?

Back 30

mainly evertors of the foot, but since tendons pass behind lateral malleolus, also assist in plantar flexion at ankle joint

Front 31

Fibularis longus (peroneus longus) m. belongs to what leg compartment?

Back 31

lateral

Front 32

Orientation of fibularis longus m?

Back 32

superficial muscle of lateral leg; nd lateral malleolus, then diagonally completely across plantar foot to the medial side

Front 33

Origin of fibularis longus m.?

Back 33

lateral fibula (proximal half)

Front 34

Insert of fibularis longus m.?

Back 34

medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones (plantar surfaces)

Front 35

Fibularis brevis m. belongs to what leg compartment?

Back 35

lateral

Front 36

Fibularis brevis m. is the ___ muscle of the ____

Back 36

deep; lateral leg

Front 37

Origion of fibularis brevis m.?

Back 37

lateral fibula (distal half)

Front 38

Insert of fibularis brevis m.?

Back 38

base of 5th metatarsal bone (next to insertion of fibularis tertius)

Front 39

Muscles of the superficial posterior leg compartment all insert onto _____ via _____/ produce what action?

Back 39

calcaneus bone via calcaneal tendon; plantar flexion of foot

Front 40

Gastrocnemius m. is the most ____ muscle of the ______ leg compartment

Back 40

superficial; superficial posterior

Front 41

Origin of gastrocnemius m.?

Back 41

via 2 heads from medial and lateral epicondyles of femur; becomes tendinous at mid leg

Front 42

Soleus m. belongs to what leg compartment?

Back 42

superficial posterior

Front 43

Orientation of soleus m.?

Back 43

deep to gastrocnemius

Front 44

Origin of soleus m.?

Back 44

horseshoe arrangement: soleal line of tibia & posterior fibula

Front 45

Plantaris m. belongs to what group of muscles of the leg?

Back 45

superficial posterior

Front 46

Origin of plantaris m.?

Back 46

lateral epicondyle of femur

Front 47

Description of plantaris m.?

Back 47

small muscle with long, thin tendon running between soleus and gastrocnemius muscles

Front 48

What is the thickest and strongest tendon in the body?

Back 48

the calcaneal tendon

Front 49

What do the superficial posterior muscles do during walking?

Back 49

raise the heel against the weight of the body

Front 50

What do the superficial posterior muscles do while standing?

Back 50

pull back on the leg, thus stabilizing the ankle joint by preventing dorsiflexion of the foot (falling forward at ankle joint)

Front 51

What muscle becomes tendinous at mid leg?

Back 51

gastrocnemius m.

Front 52

The medial- and lateral-inferior borders of popliteal fossa are formed by what?

Back 52

medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius m.

Front 53

Popliteus m. belongs to what leg compartment?

Back 53

deep posterior

Front 54

Origin of popliteus m.?

Back 54

lateral epicondyle of femur

Front 55

Insert of popliteus m.?

Back 55

posterior tibia, above soleal line

Front 56

Action of popliteus m.?

Back 56

lateral rotation of femur or "unlocks" knee joint which initiates flexion of the leg

Front 57

Tibialis posterior m. belongs to what leg compartment?

Back 57

deep posterior

Front 58

Orientation of tibialis m., flexor digitorum longus m., and flexor hallucis m.?

Back 58

pass behind medial malleolus (posterior to ankle joint) and enter deep plantar foot; tibialis m. is the deepest

Front 59

Origin of tibialis m.?

Back 59

posterior tibial and fibula and interosseous membrane

Front 60

Insert of tibialis m.?

Back 60

navicular bone (medial side of plantar foot)

Front 61

Action of tibialis m.?

Back 61

plantar flexion and inversion of foot

Front 62

Flexor digitorum longus m. belongs to what leg compartment?

Back 62

deep posterior

Front 63

Origin of flexor digitorum longus m.?

Back 63

posterior tibia - medial to tibialis posterior

Front 64

Insert of flexor digitorum longus m.?

Back 64

via 4 tendons to distal phalanges 2-5 (plantar surfaces)

Front 65

Action of flexor digitorum longus m.?

Back 65

flexes lateral 4 toes; plantar flexion of foot

Front 66

Flexor hallucis longus m. belongs to what leg compartment?

Back 66

deep posterior

Front 67

Origin of flexor hallucis longus m.?

Back 67

posterior fibula

Front 68

Insert of flexor hallucis longus m./orientation of tendon?

Back 68

-plantar surface, distal phalanx of big toe
-tendon passes behind medial malleolus, and runs down plantar side of medial foot

Front 69

Action of flexor hallicus longus m.?

Back 69

-flexes big toe (digit 1); plantar flexion of foot
-powerful muscle that provides last push off by foot during walking, running

Front 70

The tendons of flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallicus longus muscles must do what?

Back 70

cross each other as they enter the plantar foot

Front 71

The muscles of the plantar foot are covered by what?

Back 71

plantar aponeurosis - deep fascia of sole of foot

Front 72

The plantar foot contains _____ plus ______.

Back 72

the tendons of muscles from the leg; 4 layers of foot muscles

Front 73

Orientation of the first layer of plantar foot muscles?

Back 73

found immediately deep to plantar aponeurosis

Front 74

Abductor hallucis m. is in what layer of the foot?

Back 74

first layer

Front 75

Orientation of abductor hallucis m.?

Back 75

overlies tendons of deep posterior leg muscles entering foot

Front 76

Origin of abductor hallucis m.?

Back 76

calcaneus bone

Front 77

Insert of hallicus m.?

Back 77

proximal phalanx of great toe

Front 78

Action of abductor hallucis m.?

Back 78

abducts and flexes great toe; supports longitudinal arch of foot

Front 79

Abductor digiti minimi m. belongs to what layer of the foot?

Back 79

first layer

Front 80

Origin of abductor digiti minimi m.?

Back 80

calcaneus bone

Front 81

Insert of abductor digiti minimi m.?

Back 81

proximal phalanx of little toe

Front 82

Action of abductor digiti minimi m.?

Back 82

abducts and flexes little toe; supports longitudinal arch of foot

Front 83

Flexor digitorum brevis m. belongs to what layer of the foot?

Back 83

first layer

Front 84

Origin of flexor digitorum brevis m.?

Back 84

calcaneus bone

Front 85

Insert of flexor digitorum brevis m.?

Back 85

via 4 tendons to digits 2-5

Front 86

Action of flexor digitorum brevis m.?

Back 86

flexes lateral 4 toes (digits 2-5)

Front 87

Tendons of what two muscles are in the second layer of the foot?

Back 87

flexor digitorum longus m. and flexor hallucis longus m.

Front 88

Quadratus plantae m. belongs to what layer of the foot?

Back 88

second layer

Front 89

Origin of quadratus plantae m.?

Back 89

calcaneus bone

Front 90

Insert of quadratus plantae m.?

Back 90

onto tendon of flexor digitorum longus m.

Front 91

Action of quadratus plantae m.?

Back 91

flexes lateral 4 toes; increases longitudinal pull of flexor digitorum longus (which enters foot medially and tends to pull preferentially in that direction)