Muscle Disease Processes-Terms

Front 1

atony

Back 1

lack of normal tone or strength, happens in muscles which are deprived of innervation

Front 2

atrophy

Back 2

The wasting away or weakening of muscle fibers due to a lack of usage.

Front 3

bursitis

Back 3

inflammation of a bursa

Front 4

bursa

Back 4

A sac-like cavity filled with synovial fluid and located in places where tendons or muslces pass over bony prominences.

Front 5

charley horse

Back 5

A bruised or torn muscle accompanied by cramps and severe pain. This particular injury most commonly affects the quadriceps muscle.

Front 6

cramp

Back 6

A sustained spasm or contraction of a muscle accompanied by severe, localized pain.

Front 7

dystonia

Back 7

Sustained abnormal postures or disruptions of normal movement resulting from alterations of muscle tone.

Front 8

Dupuytren's contracture

Back 8

Painless thickening and contracture of the palmar fascia due to fibrous proliferation, resulting in loss of function of the fingers.

Front 9

fasciculations

Back 9

Similar to fibrillations or tremors. A repetitive involuntary contraction of muscle. The main cause is nerve damage.

Front 10

fibromyalgia

Back 10

A group of rheumatic disorders characterzed by achy pain, tenderness, and stiffness of muscles and tendon insertions.

Front 11

Myofascial pain syndrome

Back 11

another name for fibromyalgia

Front 12

fibromyositis

Back 12

another name for fibromyalgia

Front 13

ganglion

Back 13

a thin-walled band cyst formed on a joint capsule or tendon sheath.

Front 14

leiomyoma

Back 14

a benign tumor of smooth muscle tissue

Front 15

muscular dystrophy

Back 15

a genetic abnormality of muscle tissue characterized by dysfunction and ultimately deterioration

Front 16

myalgia

Back 16

muscle pain

Front 17

myasthenia gravis

Back 17

a chronic progressive neuromuscular weakness, usually starting with the muscles of the face and throat.

Front 18

myopathy

Back 18

any disease of the muscles

Front 19

myositis ossificans

Back 19

severe contusion or tearing of a muscle

Front 20

paralysis

Back 20

the loss of nervous control of a muscle.

Front 21

paraplegia

Back 21

paralysis of the legs (lower extremities)

Front 22

quadriplegia

Back 22

paralysis of all four limbs

Front 23

plantar fasciitis

Back 23

excessive pulling or stretching of the calcaneal periosteum by the plantar fascia resulting in pain along the inner border of the plantar fascia.

Front 24

polymyositis

Back 24

an autoimmune disorder which causes atrophy and weakness of the muscles.

Front 25

rigor mortis

Back 25

the muscular hardness occurring four to seven hours after death.

Front 26

tendinitis

Back 26

inflammation of a tendon or the synovial lining of a tendon sheath. Due to trauma or repetitive wear.

Front 27

tenosynovitis

Back 27

another name for tendinitis

Front 28

tennis elbow

Back 28

A strain of the lateral forearm muscles or the tendinous attachments near their origin on the epicondyle of the humerus.

Front 29

lateral and medial epicondylitis

Back 29

strain of the lateral forearm muscles or the tendinous attachments near their origin on the epicondyle of the humerus.

Front 30

tetanus

Back 30

A disease caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani which produces a toxin that causes muscles to go into tetany. Characterized by muscular cramps and twitching. Jaw muscles are affected first. Commonly called lockjaw.

Front 31

torticollis

Back 31

Persistent contraction of a sternocleidomastoid muscle, drawing the head to one side and distorting the face. Causes rotation of the head.