Muscle. Bone And Joints

Front 1

CENTRALLY ACTING SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANTS

Back 1

inhibiting upper motor neuron activity causing some degree of sedation
(to relieve acute muscle spasm-act by CNS depression)

Front 2

Centrally Acting Skeletal Muscle RELAXANT drugs

Back 2

soma
flexeril
Robaxin
Skelaxin

Front 3

SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANTS

Back 3

Centrally acting-is structurally similar to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA

Front 4

Skeletal Muscle Relaxant drugs

Back 4

Lioresal (baclofen)

Front 5

SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANT use:

Back 5

for muscle spasticity resulting from MS or Spinal cord injuries.

Front 6

SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANT is not recommended for?

Back 6

spasticity related to cerebal palsy, parkinson, stroke

Front 7

Why should you NOT abruptly stop taking SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANT?

Back 7

may cause severe onset of spasticity and hallucinations

Front 8

DIRECT-ACTING SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANT does:

Back 8

acts directly on the skeletal muscle and relieves spasticity by interfering with the release of calcium ions in the skeletal muscle

Front 9

DIRECT-ACTING SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANT drugs?

Back 9

Danrium(dantrolene)

Front 10

DIRECT-ACTING SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANT uses?

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cerebral palsy, MS, spinal cord injury and strokes. Also trest neuroleptic malignant syndrome that occur with antipsycotic agents(lead pipe rigidity)

Front 11

Unclassified Muscle Relaxants-toxin?

Back 11

Botox(botulinum toxin)

Front 12

Unclassified Muscle Relaxants-toxin- Botox uses:

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Used medically to muscle spasms in specific areas,
Also cosmetically

Front 13

Unclassified Muscle Relaxants-toxin- Botox works how?

Back 13

blocking the release of acetylcholine from cholinergic nerve terminals

Front 14

Unclassified Muscle Relaxants-toxin- Botox can cause what?

Back 14

extreme weakness

Front 15

Unclassified Muscle Relaxants-toxin- Botox most effective within?

Back 15

6 weeks of administration
and its effects last for only 3 to 6 months...costly treatment

Front 16

Neuromuscular Blocking agents drugs?

Back 16

Pavulon, Anectin(succinylcholine)

Front 17

Neuromuscular Blocking agents do what?

Back 17

interupts transmission of impulses from motor nerves to muscles. Produces PARALYSIS...but has no effect on consciousness, memory, or the pain threshold

Front 18

Neuromuscular Blocking agents uses:

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during anesthesia to reduce the use and side effects of anesthesia, to ease endotracheal intubation, to decrease muscular activity with ECT. to ease muscle spasms associated with tetanus(lockjaw)

Front 19

who can administered Neuromuscular Blocking agents?

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ICU: anesthetist or anesthesiologist

Front 20

Neuromuscular Blocking agents antidote?

Back 20

anticholinergics

Front 21

Benzodiazeptins can also be used for what?

Back 21

"lam", "pam"
used as a muscle relaxant

Front 22

Osteoporosis is?

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bone reabsorption outpaces bone deposition

Front 23

Osteoporosis is?

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metabolic bone disease

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Osteoporosis is most common?

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risk factor is the onset of menopause

Front 25

Bone Resorption Inhibitor Drugs- Miacalcin(calcitonin)

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natural product from Salmon and is for women post menopause

Front 26

Bone Resorption Inhibitor Drugs- Miacalcin(calcitonin0 is given how and stored?

Back 26

nasal spray and SQ
refrigerate
alternate nostrils

Front 27

SERM's
Selective Estrogen-Receptor Modulators or Modifiers?

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SERMS

Front 28

Selective Estrogen-Receptor Modulators or Modifiers?

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Binds to Estrogen receptors
May be estrogen antagonist or agonist depending on the spectic drugs

Front 29

Selective Estrogen-Receptor Modulators or Modifiers drugs?

Back 29

Evista(raloxifene)

Front 30

Evista(raloxifene) does?

Back 30

decreases bone resorption but blocks estrogen receptors in the uterus and the breast reducing chance of causing cancer in those tissues

Front 31

Biphosphonates
endings"dronate" do what?

Back 31

most common drug class used for osteoporosis!
A natural inhibitor of the bone resorption by suppressing osteoclast activity

Front 32

Biphosphonates-Bone Resorption Inhibitor Drugs?

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Fosamax
Actonel
Boniva-
Reclast

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Biphosphonates-Bone Resorption Inhibitor Drugs take are taken on empty stomach and Pt must remain sitting position for @ least 30 minutes afterwards?

Back 33

Fosamax
Actonel

Front 34

Biphosphonates-Bone Resorption Inhibitor Drugs taken once a month?

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Boniva

Front 35

Biphosphonates-Bone Resorption Inhibitor Drugs taken once a year?

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Reclast

Front 36

Osteoclast?

Back 36

removes old bone

Front 37

Osteoblast?

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builds bone

Front 38

Osteoporosis Agent-Osteoblast Stimulator?

Back 38

Forteo(teriparatide)

Front 39

Forteo(teriparatide) is what hormone?

Back 39

parathyroid-stimulates osteoblast activity

Front 40

How long can you use Forteo(teriparatide)?

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2 years

Front 41

Forteo(teriparatide) is given how and kept how?

Back 41

SQ, refrigerated

Front 42

1st few doses of Forteo(teriparatide) can cause?

Back 42

orthostatic hypotension

Front 43

Arthritic disorders-Gout

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metabolic disorder caused by accumulation of uric acid in blood and joints cavities

Front 44

Arthritic disorders-Gout agents do what?

Back 44

inhibit uric acid build up

Front 45

Gout agents?

Back 45

Zylorpim(allopurinol)
Colchicine
Benemid(probenecid)

Front 46

Drugs Used for Mens Health
Alpha-1 adrenergic blocking agent?

Back 46

Flomax(tamulosin)

Front 47

Flomax(tamulosin)-Alpha-1 adrenergic blocking agent works how?

Back 47

selective action on receptors in the prostate gland-causing muscle relaxation and allowing urinary flow through enlarged prostate...it is not used to treat hypertension

Front 48

Flomax(tamulosin)-Alpha-1 adrenergic blocking agent S/E?

Back 48

drowsiness, HA, dizziness, weakness..S/E to report:
tacycardia, fainting, 7% will develop within 15-90 minutes of first dose

Front 49

Flomax(tamulosin)-Alpha-1 adrenergic blocking agent are taken with?

Back 49

food and lie down at first sign of symptoms

Front 50

Drugs Used for Mens Health-Anti-Androgens?

Back 50

Propecia(finasteride)

Front 51

Drugs Used for Mens Health-Propecia-Anti-Adrogen is used to treat?

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BPH-benign prostate
androgenetic alopecia(male baldness)

Front 52

Drugs Used for Mens Health-Propecia-Anti-Androgen S/E?

Back 52

impotence, decreased libido, decreased volume of ejaculate; effects small #'s of those recieving high doses

Front 53

Drugs Used for Mens Health-Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE5-enzyme)?

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casues smoothe muscle relaxation resulting in erection
ending"afil"

Front 54

Drugs Used for Mens Health-Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE5-enzyme) drugs??

Back 54

Viagra
Cialis-last longer
Levitra

Front 55

Drugs Used for Mens Health-Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE5-enzyme) drugs-caution in what PT.?

Back 55

high or low BP, haert disease

Front 56

Drugs Used for Mens Health-Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE5-enzyme) drugs S/E?

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HA, flushing, ocassional priapism..

Front 57

Drugs Used for Mens Health-Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE5-enzyme) drugs are contrindicated with?

Back 57

nitrates or alpha adrenergic blockers.

Front 58

Drugs Used for Mens Health-Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE5-enzyme) drugs can cause?

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life threatening hypotension and will not prevent STD's

Front 59

In the eye...Ciliary body secretes?

Back 59

aqueous humor-bathes the lens, posterior of the cornia and iris

Front 60

Ciliary body secretes aqueous humor-after it is formed the fluid flows?

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forward between the lens and the iris into the anterior chamber

Front 61

Ciliary body secretes aqueous humor- it drains out of the eye through drainage channels located?

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near the junction of the cornea and sclera into the meahwork that leads into Schlemm's Canal and into the venous system of the eye

Front 62

cornea

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clear, no blood vessels-gets nourishment form aqueous humor

Front 63

sclera

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white part of eye

Front 64

iris

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colored part-contains muscles( radial & circular) that dialate/constrict the pupil

Front 65

mydriatic

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dialates pupil

Front 66

Miotic

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consricts pupil

Front 67

glaucoma

Back 67

is an eye disease characterized by abnormally elevated introcular pressure(IOP)

Front 68

glaucoma cause?

Back 68

excessive production of aqueous humor
diminished ocular fluid outflow
(increased pressure may lead to blindness due to damage to the optic nerve

Front 69

3 types of glaucoma?

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Primary(closed or narrow angle...and open angle)
Secondary-previous eye diseases or trauma
Congenital

Front 70

open angle glaucoma developes?

Back 70

insidiously(unnoticed for years. Changes occur in the drainage network. The angle is OPEN...not narrowed . drains out too slow ( Pt. is symptom free at first...gradually lose peripheral vision)

Front 71

Closed angle glaucoma

Back 71

can be acute or chronic
Acute closed angle occurs from a sudden increase of IOP caused by mechanical obstruction at the angle. In PT's that already have a narrow anterior chamber angle.
can be brought on by pupillary diation-dialtion pushes the iris against the trabecular meshwork causing obstruction

Front 72

Closed angle glaucoma symptoms?

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blurred vision, halos around white lights, frontal HA, eye pain.
Precepitated by administration of a mydriatic agent

Front 73

Drug therapy for open angel glaucoma?

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Beta Blockers are the intial drug of choice
other: Miotics, sympathomimetics*effects like epinephrine* ,carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, cholineserase inhibitors

Front 74

Drug therapy for acute closed angle glaucoma?

Back 74

Miotic agents-(Pilocarpine, Phospholine iodide)
Osmotic diuretic-(Mannitol)
Diamox to reduce formation of fluid.
Surgery to open the angle
analgesics and antiemetics as needed!

Front 75

Drug therapy used for lower intraoclular pressure:
Osmotic agents-osmotic diuretics?for acute closed angle glaucoma

Back 75

Mannitol -(osmitrol) ICU-IV
close monitoring
reduces amount of aqueous humor
watch for thirst, dehydration,electrolyte imbalance

Front 76

Drug therapy used for lower intraoclular pressure:
Carbonic anhydrase Inhibitors?open angle glaucoma

Back 76

enzyme inhibitor that reduces production of aqueous humor:
Diamox(acetazolamide)-oral
Trusopt(dorzolamide)-gtts
check for allergy to sulfonamides

Front 77

Drug therapy used for lower intraoclular pressure:Cholinergic agents-parasympathomimetic?

Back 77

Pilocar(pilocarpine), Isopto-carbachol(carbachol) constricts pupils, makes angle bigger:
Miotic and widens the filtration angle

Front 78

Drug therapy used for lower intraoclular pressure:Cholinergic agents-parasympathomimetic S/E?

Back 78

Reduced visual acuity at night--safety
blurred vision
systemic side effects unless the inner canthus is blocked for 1-2 minutes after giving.
SLUDD-watch vital signslow BP. bradycardia

Front 79

Drug therapy used for lower intraoclular pressure:Cholinesterase inhibitors?

Back 79

Phospholine iodide:
inhibits cholinesterase so that the effects of the acetylcholine(parasympathetic) is increased _causes miosis of the pupil.
not first chioce drug.higher incidence of s/e-safety issues-blurred vision and reduced visaual acuity@night

Front 80

Cholinesterase does what?

Back 80

breaks down acetylcholine

Front 81

Drugs for lower Intraocular pressure:
Adrenergic agents?

Back 81

Propine(dipivefrin Hcl)
Epifrin(epinephrine)

Front 82

Drugs for lower Intraocular pressure:
Adrenergic agents do what?

Back 82

pupil dilation
Use cautrion: Pt. w/ HTN, diabetes, hyperthroidism, heart disease. bronchial asthma

Front 83

Drugs for lower Intraocular pressure:
Adrenergic agents used for which glaucoma?

Back 83

open angle

Front 84

Drugs for lower Intraocular pressure:
Adrenergic agents side effects?

Back 84

mydriasis-sensitive to light
those of sympsthetic stimulation, tachycardia, trembling, sweating, hypertension-prevent by blocking the inner canthus for 1-2 min.
monitor pulse & BP

Front 85

Drugs for lower Intraocular pressure:Beta -adrenergic blockers-"olol-first choice drug for open angle glaucoma

Back 85

Betagan, Timoptic, Betoptic
reduces aqueous humor
no dim vison or night blindness becasue IOP is reduced w/ no effect on pupil size or visula acuity
Check vitals

Front 86

Drugs for lower Intraocular pressure:Prostaglandin agonist?

Back 86

Ending"prost"
increase outflow of aqueous humor by dialating trabecular meshwork within the anterior chamber. chrinic open angle not responding to other agents

Front 87

Drugs for lower Intraocular pressure:Prostaglandin agonist can cause what in the pigment of the eye?

Back 87

increasing brown pigment
light sensitivity
fluid electrolytes

Front 88

Drugs for lower Intraocular pressure:Anticholinergic agents?

Back 88

Isopto-Atropine(atropine sulfate)
Mydriacyl(tropicamide)

Front 89

Drugs for lower Intraocular pressure:Anticholinergic agents?

Back 89

mydriasis (dialating pupils) and cyclopegia(paralysis of cilliary muscle to examine the interior of the eye, measure for lens,

Front 90

Drugs for lower Intraocular pressure:Anticholinergic agents S/E??

Back 90

sensitivity to bright lights

Front 91

Antifungal agents for eyes

Back 91

Natacyn(nataqmycin)

Front 92

Antiviral agent for eye

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Herplex
Viroptic

Front 93

antibacterial agents for eyes

Back 93

garmycin
tobrex(tobramycin)
neosporin, oculflox(ofloxacin)
ciloxan(ciprofloxacin)
erthromycin ointment for newborns-protect from Gonarrhea and clamydia

Front 94

corticosteriods for eyes

Back 94

"sone", "lone"
allergy and nonifectious inflammation

Front 95

Antiinflammatory for eye
opthalmic NSAIDS

Back 95

"ac" "profen" "icam","bufen"
endings

Front 96

Antiallergic for eyes

Back 96

Opticrom(cromolyn sodium)
Alamast(pemirolast)

Front 97

Fluorescite,
Ful-Flo,
Fluor-I Strip
(Sodium Fluorescein)
are what?

Back 97

opthamic dyes-diagnose injuries and foreign bodies-
green stain under normal light
yellow stain under blue light

Front 98

opthalmic lubricants-artificial tears

Back 98

Lacril'
tears naturale
liquifilm tears drop

Front 99

traditional NSAIDS

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"profen", "ac", "prozin", "cam"
endings

Front 100

cox 2 inhibitors

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celebrex
vioxx
bextra

Front 101

DMARD's Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs also known by?

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slow acting anti rheumatic drugs

Front 102

DMARD's Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs

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Auranofin(ridaura, Oral Gold)
Methotrexate(Rheumatrex, trexall)
Penicillamine(cuprine,Depen)
Plaquenill(hydoxycholoroquine)

Front 103

DMARD's Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs take how long?

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6-8 months to evoke a response
second line of defense after asprin and NSAID's

Front 104

DMARD's Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs

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slow the disease process by modifying the immune system in some way

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DMARD's Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs-GOLD

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gold salts-treatment of arthritis over 50 years

interferes w/ white blood cells responsible for joint damage and inflammation
can slow the destruction but cannot correct existing damage-

Front 106

DMARD's Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs-Penicillamine

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distant relative of pennicillin
known as chelator-binds heavy metals in the body
alters the function of white blood cells responsible for joint damage

Front 107

DMARD's Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs-Penicillamine how is it taken?

Back 107

on empty stomach
1 hour before or after meals
stay on indefinately
S/E: protein in the urine can be a sign of kidney damage

Front 108

DMARD's Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs-Plaquenil

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origanlally to treat malaria
use w/Patients that dont respond well to NSAID's

Front 109

DMARD's Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs-Plaquenil -rare side effect?

Back 109

is the deposit of the drug in the retina w/ the potential of visual impairment
opthalmology exam is rec. every 6 months

Front 110

DMARD's Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs-Methtrexate(rheuatrex)

Back 110

40 years-treats psoriasis
and cancer
routine liver function tests
gtt.-alt-ast-belirubin

Front 111

DMARD's Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs-sulfasalzine

Back 111

combination of salicylate & antibiotic

Front 112

Corticosteroids(steroids) are used how?

Back 112

high dose intravenous steroids
shots or injections w/ drug such as Triamcinolone(kenalog) locally or in the joint

Front 113

Prednisone is what and reduces ?

Back 113

synthetic corticorsteroids-it mimics cortisol
it reduces inflammation and suppreses the immune system

Front 114

Prolong use of Prednisone

Back 114

can cause adrenal glands to trophy(shrink) and stop producing cortisol
must taper off-due to adrenal crisis

Front 115

Prednisone mild to severe S/E

Back 115

occur mostly with high doses and long term use
sodium retention
fluid retention
weight gain
High BP
puffiness-moon face
facial hair
bruising easy
thin skin
poor wound healing
cataracts
glaucoma
stomach ulcers
rounding of upper back
insomnia

High

Front 116

Prednisone increase the risk of infections and decreases?

Back 116

the effectiveness of vaccines and antibiotics

Front 117

Prednisone can cause?

Back 117

osteoporosis

Front 118

Biologic Response Modifiers(biologics)

Back 118

"mab" endings
Enbrel(etanercept)
Remicade
Humira
cimzia
simuponi

Front 119

Biologic Response Modifiers(biologics) do what?

Back 119

stimulate or restore the immune system to fight disease or infection

Front 120

Biologic Response Modifiers(biologics) are derived from?

Back 120

living sources as apposed to being synthesized chemicals

Front 121

Biologic Response Modifiers(biologics)-Monoclonal antibodies

Back 121

laboratory produced substances that can locate and bind to specific molecules such as tumor necrosis factorTNF

Front 122

tumor necrosis factorTNF

Back 122

a protein involved in causing inflammation and damge of rhuematoid arthritis

Front 123

Biologic Response Modifiers(biologics)-Remicade is administered how?

Back 123

intravenous infusion-uses combination of human and mouse proteins to create a hybrid protein-chimeric monoclonal antibody

Front 124

Biologic Response Modifiers(biologics)-Humira administered

Back 124

injection-fully human proteins

Front 125

Biologic Response Modifiers(biologics)-TNF Blocker drugs

Back 125

target the effects of the TNF-alpha
Mouse & human
Enbrel
Remicade

Front 126

Gout drugs-3 aspects of drug treatment

Back 126

pain relievers
anti-inflammatory
drugs to manage metabolic problems that cause high blood levels of uric acid and leads to gout attackes

Front 127

Gout drugs

Back 127

1.colchicine-prevents or relieves gout attacks
2.probenecid-to decrease uric acid blood levels
3. col Benemid-anti gout propeties
4.Allopurinol(zyloprim)lowers blood uric acid by preventing uris acid production
5.Uloric-lowers serum uric acid levels by blocking xanthine

Front 128

Gout drugs-uric acid comes from where?

Back 128

from digested proteins-meats, liver, etc