Muscle And Diseases/disorders

Front 1

osteoarthritis

Back 1

inflammation of the joints

Front 2

rheumatoid arthiritis

Back 2

inflammed knuckles and deformed fingers

Front 3

Gout arthritis

Back 3

of the foot - insoluble, crystal in joint, not curable.

Front 4

Septic arthritis

Back 4

ulna/humorous -> the ends - there is a pocket where it is separated and bacteria can grow in there and cause inflammation.

Front 5

osteogenesis imperfecta

Back 5

bones dont make enough type 1 collagen, bones are low density - frequent fractures and blue sclera

Front 6

pagets disease

Back 6

overactive osteoblasts and osteoclasts - the bones are larger than normal. can not have any symptoms. can tell from blood tests. may experience pain or a inflammation

Front 7

hyperparathyroidism

Back 7

overactive parathyroid gland, produced too much PTH which created high levels of Calcium in bone, kidneys, and liver resulting in kidney stones, pain in the stomach and bones.

Front 8

osteoporosis

Back 8

Calcium deficiency, brittle bones.

Front 9

Sodium levels

Back 9

higher outside the cell

Front 10

Potassium levels

Back 10

higher inside the cell

Front 11

calcium levels

Back 11

usually higher outside of the cell,

stored in ECM or in muscles its stored in the smooth ER

Front 12

Muscle contraction steps

Back 12

Neuron is activated, then acetylcholine is released from neurotransmitter, acteylcholine bind to the ligand gated channel, channel opens and Sodium rushes in, muscle cell membrane becomes depolarized, action potential generated moves down T tubules to the SR, voltage gated ca2+ channels open and Ca2+ enters the cell. calcium binds to the troponin-tropomysoin complex and frees the myosin binding site, myosin binds to actin and ATP binds to the myosin head - when converted to ADP and P+ the release then causes a contraction.

Front 13

acetylcholineterase

Back 13

enzyme protease that degrades acetylcholine with hydrolysis.

Front 14

Passive tension

Back 14

determined by :

intracellular: connection between myofibrils?

extracellular: endo, peri, epi. and connective tissues

Front 15

active tension

Back 15

tension created by the contraction ( length versus tension) of the muscle

Front 16

Desmin

Back 16

a protein in muscle that may play a part in connecting muscle myofibrils - causing tension?

Front 17

Titan

Back 17

largest protein in vertebrates, and the stretchiest, connects myosin and actin - causing tension

Front 18

Cross sectional area and its effect on force

Back 18

the larger the cross sec. area the larger the force

Front 19

Longer muscles shorten.....??

Back 19

FASTER

Front 20

what orientation of muscle fibers is faster in contraction?

Back 20

parallel:

Pinnate: ex. bicep

Front 21

slow versus fast twitch muscles

Back 21

Slow: resistant to fatigue, slow oxidative, low force output.

Fast: small to large force output, variable resistance to fatigue, fast oxidative and fast glycosidic

Front 22

isotonic versus, isometric contraction

Back 22

isotonic = weight lifting

isometric=yoga