Muscle Anatomy

Front 1

What are the three Muscular Actions?

Back 1

Motion
Support
Leverage

Front 2

What are the three TYPES of muscle?

Back 2

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

Front 3

What are the four FUNCTIONS of muscle?

Back 3

Motion
Stabilize
Regulate (Organ volume)
Heat

Front 4

What are four characteristics of muscle?

Back 4

Excitable
Contractible
Extensible
Elastic

Front 5

What are Motor Units?

Back 5

Muscles and their nerves

Front 6

Motor Units provide this to enable muscles to contract.

Back 6

Action potentials

Front 7

What is the interface between the axon terminal and the sarcolemma?

Back 7

Neuro-muscular junction

Front 8

How many muscle fibers does a single motor unit involve?

Back 8

10-2000

(Avg 150)

Front 9

Where is the action potential transmitted by the Ach?

Back 9

Neuro-muscular junction

Front 10

What is a broad band of connective tissue?

Back 10

Fascia

Front 11

What are the three types of Fascia? What do they cover?

Back 11

Epimysium- Entire muscle
Perimysium- Covers fasciculi
Endomysium- Individual fibers

Front 12

What are extensions of deep fascia? What is their purpose?

Back 12

Tendon
They are surrounded by the Tendon sheath and ease movement

Front 13

What are extensions of the connective tissue and what do they attach mucle to?

Back 13

Aponneuroses
Bone or other muscles.

Front 14

What do skeletal muscles consist of?

Back 14

Fibers

Front 15

What are the compartments called that contain the thick and thin myofibrils?

Back 15

Sacromeres

Front 16

What are the thick myofibrils?

Back 16

Myosin

Front 17

What are the Thin myofibrils?

Back 17

ACTIN
Troponin and tropomysin

Front 18

What type of proteins are Actin and Myosin considered to be?

Back 18

Contractile

Front 19

What type of proteins are troponin and tropomysin considered?

Back 19

Regulatory

Front 20

What are cross bridges?

Back 20

projecting heads of myosin containing ATP binding sites and Actin

Front 21

What stabilizes thick filaments in the sacromere?

Back 21

Elastic filaments

Front 22

What is the best term for this description?: A Sliding filament mechanism

Back 22

Contraction

Front 23

During contraction what pulls on the Actin causing them to slide together?

Back 23

Myosin cross bridges

Front 24

What shortens during contraction?

Back 24

The Sacromeres

Front 25

What is the energy used to trigger contraction called?

Back 25

ATP

Front 26

What begins the relaxation process?

Back 26

Ach is broken down by ACHsterase.

Front 27

The breakdown of ACH changes the action potential of the ____ initiating the movement of ______ back into the sacroplasmic reticulum.

Back 27

Sacrolemma and sacroplasmic reticulum,

Calcium

Front 28

How does the Calcium get back into the sacroplasmic reticulum?

Back 28

Active Transport

Front 29

What is the Calcium binding protein called?

Back 29

Calsequestrin

Front 30

How is muscle tone sustained?

Back 30

By contracting and relaxing.. simply by maintaining posture can do it.

Front 31

Which type of system provides energy for maximal muscle performance for approx 15 seconds and is useful for short bursts of energy?

Back 31

Creatine Phosphate

Front 32

The partial catabolic breakdown of glucose generates ATP, is ___ and generates energy using the glycogen lactic acid system. How long does this provide energy for your muscle performance?

Back 32

30-40 seconds

Front 33

How does Aerobic respiration work?

Back 33

Complete oxidation of glucose using oxygen contained in myoglobin, then diffuses from blood to muscle.
This generates a deficiency of O that must be recovered by recovery oxygen consumption. (Breathing hard)

Front 34

Describe what happens when a muscle fiber has become fatigued.

Back 34

It will not respond to stimuli.

Front 35

Muscle Tensions is the force developed due to the number of ____ which contract to respond to a particular stimuli.

Back 35

fibers

Front 36

The twitch of muscle tension involves a ___ contraction of all muscle fibers from a ___ action potential change.

Back 36

Brief
Single

Front 37

The Muscle tension WAVE is where the contraction strength increases because of the 2nd and 3rd action potential not relaxing from the first and can result in what?

Back 37

Tentai
Treppe
(Staircase)

Front 38

Tension due to contractile activity is what type of tension?

Back 38

Active

Front 39

Tension resulting from the supporting elastic filaments is:

Back 39

Passive tension

Front 40

Types of Skeletal muscles may be described by color. Which muscles have Lg. amts of myoglobin?

Back 40

Red

Front 41

Which muscle has small amounts of myoglobin? (color)

Back 41

White.

Front 42

What do the mitochondria, blood vessels, and sacroplasmic reticulum determine?

Back 42

Diameter of muscle fibers.

Front 43

Numbers of fibers do not change with exercise. T or F

Back 43

True

Front 44

Muscle Regeneration is limited after the first year due to:

Back 44

Enlargement of existing cells.

Front 45

What type of muscle has a limited capacity for regeneration?

Back 45

Smooth

Front 46

At what age does muscle loss start to occur?

Back 46

30
Decreases in
Reflex rate and
maximal strength rate

Front 47

Muscle movement occurs by exerting force on:___
Resulting in:___

Back 47

Tendons
pulling on the bone or other structure

Front 48

Most muscles cross at least one ____ when they contract

Back 48

joint/articulation

Front 49

What do the muscles crossing the articulation and draw bones toward one another form?

Back 49

A Lever.

Front 50

Levers are acted on by load and effort and are catagorized by 3 types:

Back 50

1st class
2nd class
3rd class
Determined by Fulcrum effort and resistance

Front 51

Fasciculi are bundles of fibers that are parallel and may occur in 4 patterns:
This arrangement determines power and range.

Back 51

1- Parallel
2-fusiform
3-pennate
4-circular