Muscle Actions/origins/insertions For Massage Therapists Level 5

Front 1

Rectus Femoris
Actions 2
Origins 1
Insertions 1

Back 1

A - 1. Extend Knee
2. Flex hip

O - Anterior Inferior Illiac Spine (AIIS)

I - Tibial Tuberosity

Front 2

Vastus Lateralis
Actions 1
Origins 2
Insertions 1

Back 2

A - Extend the knee

O - 1. Lateral lip of linea aspera
2. Gluteal tuberosity

I - Tibial Tuberosity

Front 3

Vastus Medialis
Actions 1
Origins 1
Insertions 1

Back 3

A - Extend the knee

O - Medial lip of linea aspera

I - Tibial tuberosity

Front 4

Vastus Intermedialis
Actions 1
Origins 1
Insertions 1

Back 4

A - Extend the knee

O - Anterior and lateral shaft of the femur

I - Tibial tuberosity

Front 5

Biceps Femoris
Actions 5
Origins 2
Insertions 1

Back 5

A - 1. Flex the knee
2. Laterally rotate the flexed knee
3. Extend the hip
4. Laterally rotate the hip
5. Tilt the pelvis posteriorly

O - 1. Ischial tuberosity (long head)
2. Lateral lip of linea aspera (short head)

I - Head of fibula

Front 6

Semitendinosus
Actions 5
Origins 1
Insertions 1

Back 6

A - 1. Flex the knee
2. Medially rotate flexed knee
3. Extend the hip
4. Medially rotate the hip
5. Tilt the pelvis posteriorly

O - Ischial tuberosity

I - Proximial, medial shaft of the tibia at pes anserinus tendon

Front 7

Semimembranosus
Actions 5
Origins 1
Insertions 1

Back 7

A - 1. Flex the knee
2. Medially rotate the flexed knee
3. Extend the hip
4. Medially rotate the hip
5. Tilt the pelvis posteriorly

O - Iscial tuberosity
I - Posterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia

Front 8

Sartorius
Actions 5
Origins 1
Insertions 1

Back 8

A - 1. Flex the hip
2. Laterally rotate hip
3. Abduct the hip
4. Flex the knee
5. Medially rotate flexed knee

O - Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

I - Proximial, medial shaft of the tibia at pes anserinus tendon

Front 9

Tensor Fasciae Latae
Actions 3
Origins 1
Insertions 1

Back 9

A - 1. Flex the hip
2. Medially rotate the hip
3. Abduct the hip

O - Iliac crest, posterior to ASIS

I - Iliotibial tract

Front 10

Adductor Magnus
Actions 4
Origins 3
Insertions 2

Back 10

A - 1. Adduct the hip
2. Medially rotate hip
3. Assist to flex hip
4. Extend hip (posterior fibers)

O - 1. Inferior ramus of pubis
2. Ramus of ischium
3. Ischial tuberosity

I - 1. Medial lip of linea aspera
2. Adductor tubercle

Front 11

Adductor Longus
Actions 3
Origins 1
Insertions 1

Back 11

A - 1. Adduct the hip
2. Medially rotate hip
3. Assist to flex hip

O - Pubic tubercle

I - Medial lip of linea aspera

Front 12

Adductor Brevis
Actions 3
Origins 1
Insertions 1

Back 12

A - 1. Adduct the hip
2. Medially rotate hip
3. Assist to flex hip

O - Inferior ramus of pubis

I - Pectineal line and medial lip of linea aspera

Front 13

Pectineus
Actions 3
Origins 1
Insertions 1

Back 13

A - 1. Adduct the hip
2. Medially rotate hip
3. Assist to flex hip

O - Superior ramus of pubis

I - Pectineal line of femur

Front 14

Gracilis
Actions 4
Origins 2
Insertions 1

Back 14

A - 1. Adduct the hip
2. Medially rotate hip
3. Flex the knee
4. Medially rotate flexed knee

O - 1. Inferior ramus of pubis
2. Ramus of ischium

I - Proximial, medial shaft of tibia at pes anserinus tendon

Front 15

Plantaris
Actions 2
Origins 1
Insertions 1

Back 15

A - 1. Weak plantar flexion of ankle
2. Weak flexion of knee

O - Lateral condyle of femur

I - Calcaneus via calaneal tendon

Front 16

Popliteus
Actions 2
Origins 1
Insertions 1

Back 16

A - 1. Medially rotate flexed knee
2. flex the knee

O - Lateral epiondyle of femur

I - Proximial, posterior aspect of tibia

Front 17

Gastrocnemius
Actions 2
Origins 1
Insertions 1

Back 17

A - 1. Flex the knee
2. Plantar flex the ankle

O - Condyles of the femur, posterior surfaces

I - Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Front 18

Soleus
Actions 1
Origins 2
Insertions 1

Back 18

A - Plantar flex the ankle

O - 1. Soleal line, posterior surface of tibia
2. Proximial, posterior surface of fibula

I - Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Front 19

Peroneus Longus
Actions 2
Origins 1
Insertions 2

Back 19

A - 1. Evert the foot
2. Assist to plantar flex the ankle

O - Proximial two-thirds of lateral fibula

I - 1. Base of first metatarsal
2. Medial cuneiform

Front 20

Peroneus Brevis
Actions 2
Origins 1
Insertions 1

Back 20

A - 1. Evert the foot
2. Assist to plantar flex the ankle

O - Distal two-thirds of lateral fibula

I - Tuberosity of fifth metatarsul

Front 21

Tibialis Anterior
Actions 2
Origins 1
Insertions 2

Back 21

A - 1. Invert the foot
2. Dorsiflex the ankle

O - Proximial lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane

I - 1. Medial cuneiform
2. Base of first metatarsal

Front 22

Tibialis Posterior
Actions 2
Origins 2
Insertions 4

Back 22

A - 1. Invert the foot
2. Plantar flex the ankle

O - 1. Proximial posterior shaft of tibia
2. Proximial fibula and interosseous membrane

I - 1. Navicular
2. Cuneiorm
3. Cuboid
4. Bases of second through fourth metatarsals

Front 23

Extensor Digitorum Longus
Actions 3
Origins 1
Insertions 1

Back 23

A - 1. Extend second through fifth toes
2. Dorsiflex the ankle
3. Evert the foot

O - Proximial anterior shaft of fibula and interosseous membrane

I - Middle and distal phalanges of second through fifth toes

Front 24

Flexor Digitorum Longus
Actions 3
Origins 1
Insertions 1

Back 24

A - 1. Flex second through fifth toes
2. Weak plantar flexion of ankle
3. Invert the foot

O - Middle posterior surface of tibia

I - Distal phalanges of second through fifth toes

Front 25

Piriformis
Actions 2
Origins 1
Insertions 1

Back 25

A - 1. Laterally rotate the hip
2. Abduct the hip when hip is flexed

O - Anterior surface of sacrum

I - Greater trochanter

Front 26

Quadratus Femoris
Actions 1
Origins 1
Insertions 1

Back 26

A - Laterally rotate the hip

O - Lateral border of ischial tuberosity

I - Intertrochanteric crest, between greater and lesser trochanters

Front 27

Obturator Internus
Actions 1
Origins 2
Insertions 1

Back 27

A - Laterally rotate the hip

O - 1. Obturator membrane
2. Inferior surface of obturator foramen

I - Medial surface of greater trochanter

Front 28

Obturator Externus
Actions 1
Origins 2
Insertions 1

Back 28

A - Laterally rotate the hip

O - 1. Superior ramus of pubis
2. Inferior ramus of pubis

I - Trochanteric fossa of femur

Front 29

Gemellus Superior
Actions 1
Origins 1
Insertions 1

Back 29

A - Laterally rotate hip

O - Ischial spine

I - Upper border of greater trochanter

Front 30

Gemellus Inferior
Actions 1
Origins 1
Insertions 1

Back 30

A - Laterally rotate hip

O - Ischial tuberosity

I - Upper border of greater trochanter

Front 31

Quadratus Luborum
Actions (unilateral) 3
Actions (bilateral)1
Origins 1
Insertions 2

Back 31

A - (uni) - 1. Laterally tilt pelvis
2. Laterally flex vertebral column to the same side
3. Assist to extend the vertebral column
A - (bi) - 1. Fix last rib during inhalation and forced exhalation

O - Posterior Iliac crest

I - 1. Last rib
2. Transverse processes of first through fourth lumbar vertebrae

Front 32

Rectus Abdominus
Actions 1
Origins 2
Insertions 2

Back 32

A - Flex the vertebral column

O - 1. Pubic crest
2. Pubic symphsis

I - 1. Cartilage of fifth, sixth and seventh ribs
2. Xiphoid process

Front 33

External Oblique
Actions (unilateral) 2
Actions (bilateral) 2
Origins 1
Insertions 2

Back 33

A - (uni) - 1. Laterally flex vertebral column to same side
2. Rotate vertebral column to the opposite side
A - (bi) - 1. Flex the vertebral column
2. Compress the abdominal contents

O - Lower 8 ribs

I - 1. Anterior part of iliac crest
2. Abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba

Front 34

Internal Oblique
Actions (unilateral) 2
Actions (bilateral) 2
Origins 3
Insertions 2

Back 34

A - (uni) - 1. Laterally flex vertebral column to the same side
2. Rotate vertebral column to the same side
A - (bi) - 1. Flex the vertebral column
2. Compress abdominal contents

O - 1. Lateral inguinal ligament
2. Iliac crest
3. Thoracolumbar fascia

I - 1. Internal surface of lower three ribs
2. Abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba

Front 35

Transverse Abdominus
Actions 1
Origins 4
Insertions 1

Back 35

A - Compress abdominal contents

O - 1. Lateral inguinal ligament
2. Iliac crest
3. Thoracolumbar fascia
4. Internal surface of lower three ribs

I - Abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba

Front 36

Diaphragm
Actions 2
Origins 3
Insertions 1

Back 36

A - 1. Draw down central tendon of diaphragm
2. Increase volume of thoracic cavity during inhalation

O - 1. Inner surface of lower six ribs (costal attachment)
2. Upper two or three lumbar vertebrae (lumbar attachment)
3. Inner part of xiphoid process (sternal attachment)

I - Central tendon

Front 37

External Intercostals
Actions 1
Origins 1
Insertions 1

Back 37

A - Assist with inhalation by drawing ribs superiorly to increase space in thoracic cavity

O - Inferior border of rib above

I - Superior border of rib below

Front 38

Internal Intercostals
Actions 1
Origins 1
Insertions 1

Back 38

A - Assist with exhalation by drawing ribs inferiorly to derease space in thoracic cavity

O - Inferior border of rib above

I - Superior border of rib below

Front 39

Serratus Posterior Superior
Actions 1
Origins 1
Insertions 1

Back 39

A - Elevate ribs during inhalation

O - Spinous processes of C7 to T3

I - Posterior surfaces of second through fifth ribs

Front 40

Serratus Posterior Inferior
Actions 1
Origins 1
Insertions 1

Back 40

A - Depress ribs during exhalation

O - Spinous processes of T12 - L3

I - Posterior surface of ninth through twelfth ribs

Front 41

Serratus Anterior

Actions (fixed origin) 3
(fixed scapula) 1

Origins 1

Insertions 1

Back 41

A - (fixed O) - 1. Abduct scapula
2. Depress scapula
3. Hold the medial border of the scapula against ribcage

(fixed scap) - May act in forced inhalation

O - Surface of upper eighth or ninth ribs

I - Anterior surface of medial border of scapula

Front 42

Pectoralis Major

Actions (all fibers) 3
(upper fibers) 2
(lower fibers) 1
Origins 2
Insertions 1

Back 42

A - (AF) - 1. Adduct the shoulder
2. Assist in elevating the thorax in forced inhalation
3. Medially rotate shoulder

(UF) - 1. Flex shoulder
2. Horizontally adduct shoulder
(LF) - Extend shoulder

O - 1. Medial half of clavicle
2. Sternum and cartilage of first through sixth ribs

I - Crest of greater tubercle of humerus

Front 43

Pectoralis Minor

Actions 4

Origins 1

Insertions 1

Back 43

A - 1. Depress scapula
2. Abduct scapula
3. Tilt scapula anteriorly
4. Assist in forced inhalation (scapula fixed)

O - Third, fourth and fifth ribs

I - Coracoid process of scapula

Front 44

Psoas Major

Actions 3

Origins 1

Insertions 1

Back 44

A - 1. Flex the hip
2. Laterally rotate hip
3. Adduct hip

O - Bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

I - Lesser trochanter

Front 45

Iliacus

Actions 3

Origins 1

Insertions 1

Back 45

A - 1. Flex hip
2. Laterally rotate hip
3. Adduct hip

O - Iliac fossa

I - Lesser trochanter

Front 46

Psoas Minor

Actions 2

Origins 1

Insertions 1

Bonus - Do you know an interesting fact about this muscle?

Back 46

A - 1. Assist to create lordotic curve in lumbar spine
2. Tilt pelvis posteriorly

O - Body and transverse process of L1.

I - Superior ramus of pubis

Bonus! - Only 40% of the population have a Psoas Minor

Front 47

Erector Spinae Group

Actions (unilaterally) 1
(bilateally) 1

Origins (main) 1
(branches) 3

Insertions 3

Back 47

A - (uni) - Laterally flex vertebral column to same side
(bi) - Extend vertebral column

O - (M) - Common tendon (thoracolumbar aponeurosis)
(B) - 1. Posterior surface of sacrum
2. Iliac crest
3. Spinous pocesses of lumbar and last two thoracic vertebrae

I - 1. Posterior ribs
2. Spinous and transverse processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae
3. Mastioid process of temporal bone

Front 48

Anterior Scalene

Actions (unilaterally) 2
(bilaterally) 2

Origins 1

Insertions 1

Back 48

A - (uni) - 1. Laterally flex head and neck to same side (ribs fixed)
2. Rotate head and neck to opposite side
(bi) 1. Elevate ribs during inhalation
2. Flex head and neck

O - Transverse processes of third through sixth cervical vertebrae

I - First rib

Front 49

Middle Scalene

Actions (unilaterally) 2
(bilaterally) 1

Origins 1

Insertions 1

Back 49

A - (uni) - 1. Laterally flex head and neck to same side (ribs fixed)
2. Rotate head and neck to opposite side
(bi) - Elevate ribs during inhalation

O - Transverse processes of third through seventh cervical vertebrae.

I - First rib

Front 50

Posterior Scalene

Actions (unilaterally) 2
(bilaterally) 1

Origins 1

Insertions 1

Back 50

A - (uni) - 1. Laterally flex head and neck to same side (ribs fixed)
2. Rotate head and neck to same side
(bi) - Elevate ribs during inhalation

O - Transverse processes of fifth and sixth cervical vertebrae

I - Second rib

Front 51

Sternocleidomastioid

Actions (unilaterally) 2
(bilaterally) 2

Origins 2

Insertions 2

Back 51

A - (uni) - 1. Laterally flex head and neck to the same side
2. Rotate head and neck to opposite side
(bi) - 1. Flex the neck
2. Assist in inhalation (elevation of rib cage)

O - 1. Top of manubrium (sternal head)
2. Medial third of clavicle (clavicular head)

I - 1. Mastoid process of temporal bone
2. Lateral portion of superior nuchal line of occiput

Front 52

Trapezius

Actions (upper fibers)
(unilaterally) 4
(bilaterally) 1
(middle fibers) 2
(lower fibers) 2

Origins 4

Insertions 3

Back 52

A - (UF) - (uni) - 1. Laterally flex head and neck to same side
2. Rotate head and neck to opposite side
3. Elevate scapula
4. Upwardly rotate scapula
(bi) - Extend head and neck

(MF) - 1. Adduct scapula
2. Stabilise scapula

(LF) - 1. Depress scapula
2. Upwardly rotate scapula

O - 1. External occiputal protuberance
2. Medial portion of superior nuchal line of occiput
3. Ligamentum nuchae
4. Spinous processes of C7 through T12

I - 1. Lateral third of clavicle
2. Acromion
3. Spine of scapula

Front 53

Deltoid

Actions (all fibers) 1
(anterior fibers) 3
(posterior fibers) 3

Origins 3

Insertions 1

Back 53

A - (All) - Abduct shoulder
(AF) - 1. Flex shoulder
2. Medially rotate shoulder
3. Horizontally adduct shoulder
(PF) - 1. Extend shoulder
2. Laterally rotate shoulder
3. Horizontally abduct shoulder

O - 1. Lateral third of clavicle
2. Acromion
3. Spine of scapula

I - Deltoid tuberosity

Front 54

Latissimus Dorsi

Actions 3

Origins 4

Insertions 1

Back 54

A - 1. Extend shoulder
2. Adduct shoulder
3. Medially rotate shoulder

O - 1. Spinous processes of last six thoracic vertebrae
2. Last three or four ribs
3. Thoracolumbar aponeurosis
4. Posterior iliac crest

I - Crest of lesser tubercle of the humerus

Front 55

Teres Major

Actions 3

Origins 1

Insertions 1

Back 55

A - 1. Extend shoulder
2. Adduct shoulder
3. Medially rotate shoulde

O - Lateral side of inferior angle and lower half of lateral border of scapula

I - Crest of lesser tubercle of the humerus

Front 56

Biceps Brachii

Actions 3

Origins (short head) 1
(long head) 1

Insertions 2

Back 56

A - 1. Flex elbow
2. Supinate forearm
3. Flex shoulder

O - (SH) - Coracoid process of scapula
(LH) - Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

I- 1. Tuberosity of radius
2. Aponeurosis of biceps brachii

Front 57

Triceps Brachii

Actions (all heads) 1
(long head) 2

Origins (long head) 1
(lateral head) 1
(medial head) 1

Insertions 1

Back 57

A - (All) - Extend elbow
(LH) - 1. Extend shoulder
2. Adduct shoulder

O - (LoH) - Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
(LaH) - Posterior surface of proximial half of humerus
(MH) - Posterior surface of distal half of humerus

I - Olecranon process of the ulna

Front 58

Levator Scapula

Actions (unilaterally) 4
(bilaterally) 1

Origins 1

Insertions 1

Back 58

A - (uni) - 1. Elevate scapula
2. Downwardly rotate scapula
3. Laterally flex head and neck
4. Rotate head and neck to same side
(bi) - Extend head and neck

O - Transverse processes of first through fourth cervical vertebrae

I - Upper region of medial border and superior angle of scapula

Front 59

Rhomboid Major

Actions 3

Origins 1

Insertions 1

Back 59

A - 1. Adduct scapula
2. Elevate scapula
3. Downwardly rotate scapula

O - Spinous processes of T2 - T5

I - medial border of scapula between spine and inferior angle

Front 60

Rhomboid Minor

Actions 3

Origins 1

Insertions 1

Back 60

A - 1. Adduct scapula
2. Elevate scapula
3. Downwardly rotate scapula

O - Spinous processes of C7 and T1

I - Upper portion of medial border across from spine of scapula

Front 61

Brachialis

Actions 1

Origins 1

Insertions 1

Back 61

A - Flex elbow

O - Distal half of anterior surface of humerus

I - tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna

Front 62

Coracobrachialis

Actions 2

Origins 1

Insertions 1

Back 62

A - 1. Flex shoulder
2. Adduct shoulder

O - Coracoid process of scapula

I - Medial surface of mid humeral shaft

Front 63

Supraspinatus

Actions 2

Origins 1

Insertions 1

Back 63

A - 1. Abduct shoulder
2. Stabilise head of humerus in glenoid cavity

O - Supraspinous fossa of scapula

I - Greater tubercle of humerus

Front 64

Subscapularis

Actions 2

Origins 1

Insertions 1

Back 64

A - 1. Medially rotate shoulder
2. Stabilise head of humerus in glenoid cavity

O - Subscapular fossa of scapula

I - Lesser tubercle of humerus

Front 65

Infraspinatus

Actions 5

Origins 1

Insertions 1

Back 65

A - 1. Laterally rotate shoulder
2. Adduct shoulder
3. Extend shoulder
4. Horizontally abduct shoulder
5. Stabilise heads of humerus in glenoid cavity

O - Infraspinous fossa of scapula

I - Greater tubercle of humerus

Front 66

Teres Minor

Actions 5

Origins 1

Insertions 1

Back 66

A - 1. Laterally rotate shoulder
2. Adduct shoulder
3. Extend shoulder
4. Horizontally abduct shoulder
5. Stabilise head of humerus in glenoid cavity