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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Will Marion Cook
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-student of Dvorak
-wrote songs for the theater- "coon songs" -wrote music for William and Walker shows -wrote In Dahomey-celebrates black folk culture |
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Bert Williams
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Starred in Ziegfield Follies
-transmuted black song into something joyful/funny- characteristic of blues -sung "Nobody" |
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W.C.Handy
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"Father of Blues"- first to get blues on paper and published
-wrote "Memphis Blues" and "St. Louis Blues" -music based on native music in the south |
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Scott Joplin
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-composer of ragtime music and pianist- most important of ragtime figures
-wrote Maple Leaf Rag and Treemonisha-but never seen complete opera, so a flawed work |
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Irving Berlin
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Russian-Jewish immigrant
-wrote "Alexander's ragtime band" -songs draw on a variety of ethnic types-black, italian, jewish, german, and the rural white "rube" |
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James Reese Europe
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American ragtime and early jazz bandleader, arranger, and composer.
-wrote "castle house rag" -organized the Clef Club, a society for African Americans in the music industry-200 some participants -army lieutenant in WWI-led 369th infantry "hellfighters band" which made an enormous effect on french audiences-toured when came back to Us- but cut short when Europe was stabbed by band member -served as musical director and conductor for the dance team of Irene and Vernon Castle |
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Vernon and Irene Castle
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Dance team-social dancing
-smooth and sophisticated dance steps that updated the old ballroom dancing with the movements and rhythms of American American dance -popular "animal dances"- moves that imitated the actions of animals and allow couples more intimate contact -dances recreated 2 decades later in biopic- "The story of vernon and irene castle -"the castle walk" was there updated version of the cakewalk -danced to music by James Reese Europe |
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May Irwin
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actress, singer and major star of vaudeville.
-sang the "bully song" |
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Bessie Smith
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popular female blues singer of the 20s and 30s
-worked in vaudeville and the musical stage -able to sing virtually any kinda of song -recording of "down-hearted blues" sold 780,000 copies within 6 months of its issue |
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George Gershwin
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wrote most of his vocal and theatrical works in collaboration with his elder brother, lyricist Ira Gershwin. George Gershwin composed songs both for Broadway and for the classical concert hall. He also wrote popular songs with success.
-first major classical work= rhapsody in blue -wrote folk opera- porgy and bess |
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George Gershwin
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composed songs both for Broadway and for the classical concert hall. He also wrote popular songs
quit school and found his first job as a performer was as a "song plugger" for Remick's, a publishing company on New York City's Tin Pan Alley. first major classical work is Rhapsody in Blue Porgy and Bess (1935). Called by Gershwin himself a "folk opera," the piece premièred in a Broadway theater and is now widely regarded as the most important American opera of the twentieth century What set Gershwin apart was his ability to manipulate forms of music into his own unique voice. He took the jazz he discovered on Tin Pan Alley into the mainstream by splicing its rhythms and tonality with that of the popular songs of his era born to jewish immigrant parents |
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Ira Gershwin
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American lyricist who collaborated with his younger brother, composer George Gershwin
With George he wrote more than a dozen Broadway shows, featuring songs such as "I Got Rhythm," "Embraceable You," "The Man I Love" and "Someone to Watch Over Me," and the opera Porgy and Bess. |
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Jerome Kern
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-wrote Showboat with Hemmerstein.
American composer of popular music wrote almost exclusively for musical theatre and musical film, the harmonic richness of his compositions lends them well to the jazz idiom (which typically emphasizes improvisation based on a harmonic structure) and many Kern melodies have been adopted by jazz musicians to become standard tunes. |
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Oscar Hammerstein II
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American writer, producer[2], and (usually uncredited) director of musicals for almost forty years
Jewish (like Kern). Wrote words for Showboat most successful and sustained collaboration,[3] however, came in 1943 when he teamed up with Richard Rodgers to write a musical adaptation of the play Green Grow the Lilacs, and they wrote Oklahoma!, show which revolutionized the American musical theatre by tightly integrating all the aspects of musical theater, with the songs and dances arising out of the plot and characters. |
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Henry Cowell
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-Student of Charles Seeger
-Incredible modernistic ideas; won his reputation as a composer-performer who treated the piano in unusual ways (ex as percussion or harp) -some of his works include The Banshee and The Aeolian Harp |
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Edgard Varese
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-French composer who explored new sounds (senority) in early-mid 1900s
-wanted to sever connections to the past -Developed sound-mass material, explored unpitched sound, one of the first to work with electronic instruments -Decried 12-tone music and championed new music through his creation of the International Composer's Guild -Also founded the Pan-American Association of Composers -Spoke of music as an "art-science" and called his music "organized sound" |
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Ruth Crawford Seeger
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-Married her teacher, Charles Seeger and borrowed ideas from Henry Cowell who published her String Quartet, 1931
-She had different ideas of dissonance (some notes don't sound good together) -- saw this as adding tension to a piece (tension between pitches) |
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John Cage
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-leader of the American avant-garde in music
-associated with creation and performance of music created through chance operations (indeterminacy) -attached things to piano strings to change timbre of instrument -Most famous piece = 4'33 (one without actual music) |
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Florenz Ziegfield
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a white producer who hired Bert WIlliams for his prestigious annual revue, "Ziegfield Follies." These shows combined spectacle, music, dance, and comedy.
INtegrated musical theater and Williams recognized for being too talented to be denied a place in big-time (ie white) show biz. |
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Cole Porter
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-wrote "What is this thing called Love?" (1930), when romantic love was crowned the Feeling of FEelings, with little doubt that the subject deserved all the attention it received.
-received classical training, like other composers which added to the enriched harmony of the GOlden Age popular song. The kinship btw Euro romanticism and the idiom of AMerican pop song is reflected in the way songwriters use chromaticism to intensify harmonic progressions that lead listener from one phrase to next. famous songwriter |
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Richard Rodgers
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-wrote "My Heart Stood STill" with Lorenz Hart. illustrates how masters of a genre can seize upon a detail-- a fleeting moment-- and make it a meditation on the workings of the human heart. this song reflects on love at first site and depends on time-worn cliches. it looks at a past instant rather than a dream of the future and suspends time. rodgers wrote the melody
-this new emphasis on romantic love in golden age can be atrtributed to rise of individualism -formal classical education like Porter -wrote shows with Hammerstein like The King and I, The Sound of Music, Oklahoma! (open-air spirit; played with convention; aimed to give wartime audiences pleasure/optimism) |
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Lorenz Hart
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-the lyricist half of the famed Broadway songwriting team Rodgers and Hart. Some of his more famous lyrics include, "My Heart Stood Still, written for "Connecticut Yankee", "Falling in Love with Love" and "My Funny Valentine".
-born to Jewish immigrant parents |
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Charles Ives
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-one of first composers to write good classical music w/o getting Euro education
-ideas shaped by father, GEorge. Charles learned band music, music to work in church (hymns), and classical music. -performer's performance of music is waht makes good music: spritiual intensity in music making. Thought amateur intensity and may not get all right notes but that is still great music b/c there is substance. -music major at Yale, but spent only a few years as a pro musician. Then became an insurance executive and compsoed in spare time. -his dad was an experimentalist so his music was wierd since it was influenced by him. When dad died he felt he had to incorporate his dad's style into his compositions. Liked to have multiple layers of music at same time (ie Unanswered Question) Also wrote "The things our father's loved" -liked to chop up and re-layer existing music; cultural mashing up when he consued high-brow art song genre with hymns and popular songs. -quotes specific pieces of music but distorts them; his way of showing respect. Transcnedent quality. Beginning of experimentalist tradition |
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George Ives
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Charles' dad. A military musician during the Ciivil War; led Danbury CT town band and organized music there; involved in high and low brow music. An experimentalist (ie had 2 marching bands play completely different songs and march at diff sides of town at same time).
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Paul Whiteman
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-held a concert that allowed Gershwin's rhapsody in blue to become really popular. called it "An experiment in modern music."
-classicaly trained violinist and violist; played in denver and san fran. symphonies. was in the dance orchestra business. made two recordings in 1920 that sold more than a million copies each. -called the "king of jazz" by performing popular songs enlivened with flavor of black-derived style. whiteman's jazz was more an arranger's than a player's art, including the occasional use of syncopation, blue notes, offbeat sounds, and varied restatements with a polished approach to playing. -his concert aimed to show that his modern jazz-band dance orchestra could also play complex concert works with skill and panache. |
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Harry Partch
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-decided we have corrupted our ears by listening to out of tune music
-worked to have music in which you could hear the natural pitch relationships -makes instruments that play outside of equal temperment |
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Ben Johnston
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-Experimentalist composer with views similar to Partch
-wanted to create music outside of equal temperment -wrote "Amazing Grace" using tuning variations and rhythmic relationships |
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Conlon Nancarrow
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-took Cowell's idea for writing music for the player piano and writes studies for mechanical instruments
-he wrote pieces (that were almost impossible for humans to play because of the different tempos) for the player piano -spirit of experimentalism |
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Terry Riley
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-minimalist composer
-first to make significant minimalist music ("In C") -Indeterminacy to his minimalism because his piece "In C" allowed for a lot of freedom for the musicians |
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Steve Reich
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-Minimalist composer
-Explored electronic music -Wrote "Come Out" which was the recording of a person beaten in a race riot repeated over and over on different tape players at different tempos -Wrote "Piano Phase" in which he wanted pianos to do the same sort of tempo canon -Called this process music -Wanted to radically change how we listen to music |
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Child
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harvard professor who wrote five volumes of the English and Scottish popular ballads. Searched through printed sources and manuscripts and published tests of old enligh sballads
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Cecil Sharp
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native Englander moved to U.S. and worked under support of Folk-Song Society. A field collector. Studied the widespread oral tradition. Collected songs by asking singers to repeat what they had sung until he transcribed the melody and accurate wrote down complete version of text. Published “English Folk-Song: Some Conclusions”. Concentrates his study on music, concluding that folk melody is based on modal rather than major or minor scales, and that folk songs were composed by individuals but transmitted by a communal process: continuity, variation, and selection
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Olive Dame Campbell
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from MA; spent time collecting the words of traditional songs in Appalachia. Convinced Sharp to come South. Went to the mountains with her husband and collected all the music there.
founded John Campbell Folk School in N.C. to add folk culture to modern education. |
