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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
20th century Developments
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1st half:hardship and destruction
2nd half:Colonial empires dismantled -unprecedented rapid economic growth. -Widespread gain in principle of equal rights -Technology and science advancement |
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Time period
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1900-1945
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Musical styles
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-Seen as time of revolt and revolution in music
-Composers broke with tradition and rules -Key, pitch center, and harmonic progression practices of the past were mostly abandoned. |
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How was the 20th century music diversitied?
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-Musical influences drawn from asia and africa
-folk music incorporated into personal styles -Medieval, renaissance, and baroque music was re-discovered, performed and recorded |
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Tone Color
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-Unusual playing techniques are called for
-Percussion use greatly expanded -Music not written for choirs of instruments-unusual groupings fo instruments for small ensembles. |
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Harmony
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-Consonance and Dissonance
-Harmony and treatment of chords changed -Before 1900:consonant and disonant after:degrees of consonant |
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Atonality
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no central key note
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12 tone system
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atonel, but with strict rules concerning scale use
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Impressionism and symbolism
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Musical outgrowth of french art and poetry
-Used broad brush strokes and vibrant colors -Viewed up close the painting appears unfinished but far away has truth |
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Claude Debussy
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-french impressionist composer
-crossed romantic/20th century -studied in paris and rome -lived large-lived luxurious and stayed in debt. -music:attempted to capture art that impressionistt artists could not -expanded harmonic vocabulary and fracture |
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Neoclassicism
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-1920-1950
-new compositions and devices and forms of classical and baroque -music doesn't have to be described -Written for small ensembles (not classical) |
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Igor Stravinsky
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-Russian(1882-1971)
-Early success writing ballet music -music:vocal and instrumental -Moved due to wars |
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Expressionism
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-Attemps to explore inner feelings rather than depict outard appearances.
-Deliberate distortions |
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Arnold Schoenberg
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-Born in Vienna(1874-1951)
-First to completely abandon the traditional tonal system -Father to the 12-tone system -Taught at ucla |
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Berg and Webern were inspired greatly by who?
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Arnold Schoenberg
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Bela Bartok
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-Hungarian, 1881-1945
-ethnomusicologist-preserved his own culture(musically) -folk songs-basis for music |
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Charles Ives
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-American, 1874-1954
-Son of a professional band master -Work as insurance agent, composed on the side -Won pulitzer prize in 1947 -Wrote original music -Music:based on american folk songs |
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Aaron Copland
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-American, 1900-1990
-Wrote music in modern style more accessible to audience than many other composers -Drew from american follore for topics -Billy the kid, rodeo -Wrote simple, yet highly professional music |
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Musical Styles since 1945
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-Many societal chages since WWII
-Instant communication has altered the world |
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Characteristics of Music since 1945
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Increased use of the 12-tone system
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Serialism
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12-tone techniques extended
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Chance music
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includes the random notes
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Minimalist music
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-Has tonality, pulse, and repetition
-Dynamics, texture, and harmony are constant over time |
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Jazz History
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-Developed in the US
-began around 1900 in New Orleans -Originally music for bars and brothels Early practitioners primarily black -Tremendous impact on pop and art music. |
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Jazz music Characteristics
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-Improvisation
-Syncopated rhythm -Steady Beat -Call and Response |
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Jazz in Society
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-Originally music for dancing
-geographical center has moved around |
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Roots of Jazz
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-Blend of elements of several cultures
-West african emphasis on improvisation, percussion and call and response techniques -American brass band influence on instrumentation -European harmonic and structural practice -Blues and ragtime were immediate sources |
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Ragtime
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-Dance hall and saloon music
-Piano music with left hand "oom-pah" part -right hand syncopated -King of ragtime was Scott Joplin(1868-1917) |
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Blues
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-Vocal and instrumental form
-12 measure musical structure -3 part vocal structure:a a' b |
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Tone color of jazz
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Usually performed by combo of 3-8 players
-backbone is rhythm section -main solo instruments trumpet, trombone, saxophone, clarinet, vibraphone, piano -Bends, smears, shakes, scoops, falls |
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Jazz Improvisation
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-created and performed simultaneously-each performance is different
-Usually in theme and variations form -32 bar structure:AABA format |
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Swing
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-Popular 1935-45
-written music -primarily for dancing -large bands(15-20 players) |
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Bebop
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-1940's and early 1950's
-Meant for listening - not dancing -Melodic phrases varied in length -Chords built w/ 6 or 7 notes |
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Cool Jazz
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1950's
-More calm and relaxed than bebop -Relied more upon arrangements |
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Free Jazz
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1960's
-simialr to chance music -solo sections of indeterminate length -Improvisation by multiple players at once |