Mus Final2

Front 1

Favorite instruments of Renaissance period?

Back 1

Organ, Harpsichord, clavichord

Front 2

*Ordinary of the Mass and examples ?

Back 2

The Ordinary of the mass employs texts that typically remain the same for every mass within the Roman Catholic and Western Christian churches. Those sung by the choir are, in the Latin mass, the Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei.

Front 3

*what is an aria and an example of one?

Back 3

Originally an air; a song; a tune; sung by a single voice with or without accompaniment; instrumental melody

Bach's Goldberg Variations were titled as an aria.

Front 4

*what is a recitative and an example ?

Back 4

a narrative song that describes some action, thought, or emotion; a way of singing text with speech rhythms in an opera, oratorio, cantata, or other multi-movement vocal compositions.

Don Giovanni - Mozart

Front 5

*what is basso continuo ? what is an example ?

Back 5

- A characteristic of Baroque music consisting of a bass part that runs continuously throughout a work, also called thoroughbass.

- The basso continuo was usually played by a bass string and/or low woodwind instrument along with the harpsichord and/or organ.

- Bach's Fifth Brandenburg Concerto, 1st movement

Front 6

what are the three sections of a sonata allegro?

Back 6

exposition, development, and recapitulation

Front 7

* Polyphony ? and an example

Back 7

polyphony is a texture consisting of two or more simultaneous lines of independent melody, as opposed to music with just one voice

Music composed for many parts or voices, each with its own melody, thus creating a rich texture of sound.

*Kyrie from Pope Marcellus Mass by Palestrina

Front 8

* Theme and variations?

Back 8

- refers to the presentation of a theme several times over, with modifications of different elements. With each presentation, changes may occur in any of several areas, including melody, harmony, timbre, dynamics, and rhythm.

"ah vous derei je, Maman" - Mozart

Front 9

* Baroque Orchestral Suite

Back 9

- a series of movements based upon the rhythm and style of a particular dance. The suite could be written for a solo instrument such as the harpsichord or for a small instrumental ensemble. * Dances included the German Allemande, the French Courante, the Sarabande (originally from Spain), and the English or Irish Gigue (Jig).

Front 10

What is a cadenza ? And an example.

Back 10

A cadenza occurs within the larger form of a solo concerto. Originally, the cadenza was improvised by the soloist and performed near the near of the first and third movements of a concerto after the orchestra has arrived at the dominant seventh chord. Now, most cadenzas are written and not improvised.

* Beethoven's fifth

Front 11

What is ritornello form? and an example.

Back 11

- a recurring passage or theme that returns throughout a composition (usually in the first or last movements of a concerto or aria); was usually played by the whole ensemble and returned in different keys throughout the movement, sometimes in incomplete fragments.

J.S. Bach
Brandenburg Concerto No. 3 in G major

Front 12

Don Giovanni by Mozart is an example of a _____.

Back 12

recitative

Front 13

J.S. Bach
Brandenburg Concerto No. 3 in G major is an example of _________ .

Back 13

ritornello form

Front 14

"ah vous derei je, Maman" - Mozart is an example of _________ .

Back 14

theme and variation

Front 15

Bach's Goldberg Variations were titled as _______.

Back 15

an aria.

Front 16

Kyrie from Pope Marcellus Mass by Palestrina is an example of _________.

Back 16

polyphony

Front 17

Bach's Fifth Brandenburg Concerto, 1st movement is an example of _________ .

Back 17

basso continuo

Front 18

example of polyphony ????

Back 18

Kyrie from Pope Marcellus Mass by Palestrina

Front 19

example of basso continuo??

Back 19

Bach's Fifth Brandenburg Concerto, 1st movement

Front 20

Examples of the Baroque Orchestral Suite ??

Back 20

the German Allemande,

the French Courante, the Sarabande (originally from Spain), and the English or Irish Gigue (Jig)

Front 21

What is Beethoven's Pathetique Sonata similar to? How is it similar?

Back 21

Mozart's K. 457 piano sonata, as in the second movements of both pieces there are remarkably similar Classical themes in the key of C minor.

Front 22

How does Beethoven's Pathetique Sonata differ from Mozart's K 457 piano sonata ??

Back 22

Beethoven builds on the similar melodic theme (which is in C minor) through motif development, a characteristic not apparent in Haydn or Mozart's music.

Front 23

Give two instances of how Beethoven's music differed from classical music .

Back 23

Pathetique Sonata vs Mozart K 457 piano sonata

- similar theme in second movements of each, but B had motif development

Use of rhythm in the last movements of his 3rd and 7th symphonies

Front 24

What pieces can Beethoven's rhythm be found in?

Back 24

The main themes of the last movements of his Third and Seventh symphonies are clear examples of this and could be described as rhythms as opposed to melodies.

Front 25

How did Beethoven's rhythm compliment his compositional skills?

Back 25

Beethoven's use of rhythm complimented his compositional skills, as he found a particular rhythm can more easily be taken through different keys and harmonies while retaining a sense of unity through the piece.

Front 26

What is the most fascinating aspect of Beethoven which my essay will start with?

Back 26

Presumably the most fascinating aspect of Beethoven is the fact that he is considered both a Romantic and Classical composer. While his early work is typically known to be influenced by Haydn, along with other classical composers, while his later work branches off and further develops the classical style in which he grew up with.

Front 27

Who were the troubadours & trouveres?

What period??

Back 27

The troubadours and trouvères were medieval poet-musicians who created one of the first repertories of vernacular song to be written down.The study of this repertory is often divided along geographic and linguistic lines. The troubadours, resided in the south of what is largely now France, The trouvères lived in the north of France, writing poetry in Old French.

Front 28

When was the lute popular?

Back 28

Renaissance

Front 29

What is a madrigal? When was it popular ?

Back 29

Renaissance;

A madrigal is a secular vocal music composition, usually a partsong.Traditionally, polyphonic madrigals are unaccompanied; the number of voices varies from two to eight, and most frequently from three to six.

Front 30

In summary, four major developments took place in Western music during the Medieval period:

Back 30

1. The development of pitch and rhythmic notation
2. The change from monophony to polyphony
3. The initial stages of regularly metered music
4. The development of the motet

Front 31

For three main reasons, the Renaissance is considered the Golden Age of choral music.

Back 31

First, more choral music—mainly for small ensembles—was written in this period than at any other time in music history. Most of these compositions were performed a cappella,

Second, all the important forms of the age (motet, mass, anthem, chanson, and madrigal) were choral music forms.

Third, across Europe, instruments were still undergoing a standardization process.

Front 32

During the __________ Period , the polyphonic experiments of the Middle Ages reached fruition. During no other time in history has polyphonic music been produced more abundantly and beautifully.

Back 32

Renaissance

Front 33

What players make up a string quartet?

What time period?

Back 33

two violin players, a violist and a cellist

Classical period

Front 34

What were three important choral forms of the Renaissance ?

Back 34

madrigal, motet, (polyphonic) mass

Front 35

Music from the ________ period is characterized by balance, simplicity, and logic, which made it easy to understand for the general public.

Back 35

Classical

Front 36

Music of the ______ period used mostly straightforward progressions that kept harmony simple, logical, and yet elegant.

Back 36

Classical

Front 37

When did the concept of form emerge ???

Back 37

Classical period

Front 38

(1685-1750)

Back 38

Bach

Front 39

(1756-1791)

Back 39

Mozart

Front 40

(1770-1827)

Back 40

Beethoven

Front 41

A multi-movement sacred work for soloist and choir intended for a concert performance

Back 41

Baroque oratorio

Front 42

In the Baroque period ________ was created mainly for use in instrumental genres such as sonatas, suites, and concertos

Back 42

music for keyboard

Front 43

period -

Development of Gregorian Chant

Back 43

Medieval

Front 44

period - mass becomes major ecclesiastical musical form

Back 44

Renaissance

Front 45

period - beginning of opera

Back 45

Baroque

Front 46

period - beginning of polyphonic music in the form of
organum

Back 46

Medieval

Front 47

period - secular music became predominant

Back 47

Classical

Front 48

period - beginning of symphony

Back 48

Classical

Front 49

period - new instruments introduced like piano and clarinet

Back 49

classical

Front 50

when did secular music begin to flourish ?

Back 50

Renaissance

Front 51

True of F, Palestrina was in the Renaissance period?

Back 51

True

Front 52

During the Renaissance, what was the name composers gave to the original chant used as the basis for the main melody in a composition?

Back 52

cantus firmus

Front 53

When was the Golden age of Choral music ??

Back 53

Renaissance

Front 54

What period was the doctrine of affections in??

Back 54

Baroque

Front 55

What is the doctrine of affections??

Back 55

theory of musical aesthetics, widely accepted by late Baroque theorists and composers, that embraced the proposition that music is capable of arousing a variety of specific emotions within the listener. At the centre of the doctrine was the belief that, by making use of the proper standard musical procedure or device, the composer could create a piece of music capable of producing a particular involuntary emotional response in his audience.

Front 56

What was music for keyboard used for in the Baroque period ?

Back 56

was created mainly for use in instrumental genres such as sonatas, suites, and concertos

Front 57

What is singspiel ??

Back 57

German opera characterized by spoken dialogue, which is alternated with ensembles, songs, ballads, and arias which were often strophic, or folk-like. Singspiel plots are generally comic or romantic in nature, and frequently include elements of magic, fantastical creatures, and comically exaggerated characterizations of good and evil.

Front 58

What is often referred to as first movement form ??

Back 58

sonata allegro form

Front 59

What is the dominant texture of the Classical period?

Back 59

homophony

Front 60

What became the favorite instrument of the Classical period ?

Back 60

piano

Front 61

the Baroque section begins with ________ , a transitional composer whose life and career span the Renaissance and Baroque periods

Back 61

Montevardi

Front 62

____________ was the composer of nine books of madrigals

Back 62

Montevardi

Front 63

The most important orchestral genre of the Baroque period was the ________________ , in which the orchestra alternated with a small group of solo instruments.

Back 63

concerto grosso

Front 64

The ________ and __________ are the major keyboard instruments of the Baroque era

Back 64

harpsichord and organ

Front 65

Another significant instrumental genre of the Baroque era was the _________ , which consisted of a number of short movements in dance rhythms.

Back 65

suite

Front 66

At least partly as a result of this, Baroque composers favored __________ , sudden shifts from soft to loud or loud to soft.

Back 66

terraced dynamics

Front 67

What were terraced dynamics ??

Back 67

sudden shifts from soft to loud or loud to soft.

Front 68

period -

consistent mood throughout a piece or movement (related to the Doctrine of Affections)

Back 68

Baroque

Front 69

period -

elaborate and ornamented melodies, even in vocal music;

Back 69

Baroque

Front 70

how did Bach make a living ??

Back 70

Throughout his career, Bach relied on the established system of patronage for employment, holding posts as court organist to the Duke of Weimar, court composer to the Prince of Cöthen (1717-1723), and cantor of St. Thomas's Church in Leipzig (1723-1750). The type of music that Bach wrote was mostly determined by the position he held.

Front 71

how did Handel make a living ??

Back 71

- moved from Germany to London; made success writing Italian operas, soon English audiences became infatuated with the

but in the 1730's started writing oratorios

Front 72

a form of baroque music in which the musical material is passed between a small group of soloists and full orchestra

Back 72

concerto grosso

Front 73

what is a coda ??

Back 73

In sonata allegro, After the final cadence of the recapitulation, the movement may continue with a coda which will contain material from the movement proper

Front 74

serious opera on Greek/Roman themes

Back 74

opera seria

Front 75

What form did Beethoven use to replace minuet and trio ??

Back 75

scherzo and trio

Front 76

Minuet and trio ???

Back 76

it is derived from a three-part (ternary) dance form and may be illustrated as: minuet (A), trio (B, originally played by 3 players), minuet (A). Each section may be further broken down into 3 sub-sections. It is in 3/4 time (triple meter) and often the third movement in Classical symphonies, string quartets or other works.

Front 77

the musical technique of writing music that reflects the literal meaning of a song. For example, ascending scales would accompany lyrics about going up; slow, dark music would accompany lyrics about death.

Back 77

Word painting

Front 78

What is word painting ??

Back 78

the musical technique of writing music that reflects the literal meaning of a song. For example, ascending scales would accompany lyrics about going up; slow, dark music would accompany lyrics about death.

Front 79

When did word painting become popular ?

Back 79

Word painting became popular in the Renaissance through use in madrigals (secular poems set to music)

Front 80

built in the shape of a rectangle. When the keys are pressed, blades, called tangents, rise to strike the strings above them

Back 80

clavichord

Front 81

When did the clavichord become popular ?

Back 81

Renaissance

Front 82

When did the harpsichord become popular ?

Back 82

Renaissance