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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Favorite instruments of Renaissance period? |
Organ, Harpsichord, clavichord |
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*Ordinary of the Mass and examples ? |
The Ordinary of the mass employs texts that typically remain the same for every mass within the Roman Catholic and Western Christian churches. Those sung by the choir are, in the Latin mass, the Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei. |
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*what is an aria and an example of one? |
Originally an air; a song; a tune; sung by a single voice with or without accompaniment; instrumental melody
Bach's Goldberg Variations were titled as an aria.
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*what is a recitative and an example ? |
a narrative song that describes some action, thought, or emotion; a way of singing text with speech rhythms in an opera, oratorio, cantata, or other multi-movement vocal compositions.
Don Giovanni - Mozart
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*what is basso continuo ? what is an example ? |
- A characteristic of Baroque music consisting of a bass part that runs continuously throughout a work, also called thoroughbass. - The basso continuo was usually played by a bass string and/or low woodwind instrument along with the harpsichord and/or organ. - Bach's Fifth Brandenburg Concerto, 1st movement |
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what are the three sections of a sonata allegro? |
exposition, development, and recapitulation |
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* Polyphony ? and an example |
polyphony is a texture consisting of two or more simultaneous lines of independent melody, as opposed to music with just one voice
Music composed for many parts or voices, each with its own melody, thus creating a rich texture of sound. *Kyrie from Pope Marcellus Mass by Palestrina |
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* Theme and variations? |
- refers to the presentation of a theme several times over, with modifications of different elements. With each presentation, changes may occur in any of several areas, including melody, harmony, timbre, dynamics, and rhythm.
"ah vous derei je, Maman" - Mozart |
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* Baroque Orchestral Suite |
- a series of movements based upon the rhythm and style of a particular dance. The suite could be written for a solo instrument such as the harpsichord or for a small instrumental ensemble. * Dances included the German Allemande, the French Courante, the Sarabande (originally from Spain), and the English or Irish Gigue (Jig). |
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What is a cadenza ? And an example. |
A cadenza occurs within the larger form of a solo concerto. Originally, the cadenza was improvised by the soloist and performed near the near of the first and third movements of a concerto after the orchestra has arrived at the dominant seventh chord. Now, most cadenzas are written and not improvised. * Beethoven's fifth |
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What is ritornello form? and an example. |
- a recurring passage or theme that returns throughout a composition (usually in the first or last movements of a concerto or aria); was usually played by the whole ensemble and returned in different keys throughout the movement, sometimes in incomplete fragments. J.S. Bach |
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Don Giovanni by Mozart is an example of a _____. |
recitative |
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J.S. Bach |
ritornello form |
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theme and variation |
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Bach's Goldberg Variations were titled as _______. |
an aria. |
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Kyrie from Pope Marcellus Mass by Palestrina is an example of _________. |
polyphony |
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Bach's Fifth Brandenburg Concerto, 1st movement is an example of _________ . |
basso continuo |
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example of polyphony ???? |
Kyrie from Pope Marcellus Mass by Palestrina |
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example of basso continuo?? |
Bach's Fifth Brandenburg Concerto, 1st movement |
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Examples of the Baroque Orchestral Suite ?? |
the German Allemande, the French Courante, the Sarabande (originally from Spain), and the English or Irish Gigue (Jig) |
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What is Beethoven's Pathetique Sonata similar to? How is it similar? |
Mozart's K. 457 piano sonata, as in the second movements of both pieces there are remarkably similar Classical themes in the key of C minor. |
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How does Beethoven's Pathetique Sonata differ from Mozart's K 457 piano sonata ?? |
Beethoven builds on the similar melodic theme (which is in C minor) through motif development, a characteristic not apparent in Haydn or Mozart's music. |
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Give two instances of how Beethoven's music differed from classical music . |
Pathetique Sonata vs Mozart K 457 piano sonata - similar theme in second movements of each, but B had motif development
Use of rhythm in the last movements of his 3rd and 7th symphonies |
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What pieces can Beethoven's rhythm be found in? |
The main themes of the last movements of his Third and Seventh symphonies are clear examples of this and could be described as rhythms as opposed to melodies. |
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How did Beethoven's rhythm compliment his compositional skills? |
Beethoven's use of rhythm complimented his compositional skills, as he found a particular rhythm can more easily be taken through different keys and harmonies while retaining a sense of unity through the piece. |
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What is the most fascinating aspect of Beethoven which my essay will start with? |
Presumably the most fascinating aspect of Beethoven is the fact that he is considered both a Romantic and Classical composer. While his early work is typically known to be influenced by Haydn, along with other classical composers, while his later work branches off and further develops the classical style in which he grew up with. |
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Who were the troubadours & trouveres? What period?? |
The troubadours and trouvères were medieval poet-musicians who created one of the first repertories of vernacular song to be written down.The study of this repertory is often divided along geographic and linguistic lines. The troubadours, resided in the south of what is largely now France, The trouvères lived in the north of France, writing poetry in Old French. |
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When was the lute popular? |
Renaissance |
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What is a madrigal? When was it popular ? |
Renaissance;
A madrigal is a secular vocal music composition, usually a partsong.Traditionally, polyphonic madrigals are unaccompanied; the number of voices varies from two to eight, and most frequently from three to six. |
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In summary, four major developments took place in Western music during the Medieval period: |
1. The development of pitch and rhythmic notation
2. The change from monophony to polyphony 3. The initial stages of regularly metered music 4. The development of the motet |
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For three main reasons, the Renaissance is considered the Golden Age of choral music. |
First, more choral music—mainly for small ensembles—was written in this period than at any other time in music history. Most of these compositions were performed a cappella, Second, all the important forms of the age (motet, mass, anthem, chanson, and madrigal) were choral music forms. Third, across Europe, instruments were still undergoing a standardization process. |
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During the __________ Period , the polyphonic experiments of the Middle Ages reached fruition. During no other time in history has polyphonic music been produced more abundantly and beautifully. |
Renaissance |
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What players make up a string quartet? What time period? |
two violin players, a violist and a cellist
Classical period |
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What were three important choral forms of the Renaissance ? |
madrigal, motet, (polyphonic) mass |
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Music from the ________ period is characterized by balance, simplicity, and logic, which made it easy to understand for the general public. |
Classical |
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Music of the ______ period used mostly straightforward progressions that kept harmony simple, logical, and yet elegant. |
Classical |
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When did the concept of form emerge ??? |
Classical period |
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(1685-1750) |
Bach |
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(1756-1791) |
Mozart |
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(1770-1827) |
Beethoven |
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A multi-movement sacred work for soloist and choir intended for a concert performance |
Baroque oratorio |
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In the Baroque period ________ was created mainly for use in instrumental genres such as sonatas, suites, and concertos |
music for keyboard |
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period - Development of Gregorian Chant |
Medieval |
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period - mass becomes major ecclesiastical musical form |
Renaissance |
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period - beginning of opera |
Baroque |
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period - beginning of polyphonic music in the form of |
Medieval |
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period - secular music became predominant |
Classical |
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period - beginning of symphony |
Classical |
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period - new instruments introduced like piano and clarinet |
classical |
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when did secular music begin to flourish ? |
Renaissance |
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True of F, Palestrina was in the Renaissance period? |
True |
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During the Renaissance, what was the name composers gave to the original chant used as the basis for the main melody in a composition? |
cantus firmus |
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When was the Golden age of Choral music ?? |
Renaissance |
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What period was the doctrine of affections in?? |
Baroque |
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What is the doctrine of affections?? |
theory of musical aesthetics, widely accepted by late Baroque theorists and composers, that embraced the proposition that music is capable of arousing a variety of specific emotions within the listener. At the centre of the doctrine was the belief that, by making use of the proper standard musical procedure or device, the composer could create a piece of music capable of producing a particular involuntary emotional response in his audience. |
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What was music for keyboard used for in the Baroque period ? |
was created mainly for use in instrumental genres such as sonatas, suites, and concertos |
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What is singspiel ?? |
German opera characterized by spoken dialogue, which is alternated with ensembles, songs, ballads, and arias which were often strophic, or folk-like. Singspiel plots are generally comic or romantic in nature, and frequently include elements of magic, fantastical creatures, and comically exaggerated characterizations of good and evil. |
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What is often referred to as first movement form ?? |
sonata allegro form |
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What is the dominant texture of the Classical period? |
homophony |
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What became the favorite instrument of the Classical period ? |
piano |
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the Baroque section begins with ________ , a transitional composer whose life and career span the Renaissance and Baroque periods |
Montevardi |
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____________ was the composer of nine books of madrigals |
Montevardi |
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The most important orchestral genre of the Baroque period was the ________________ , in which the orchestra alternated with a small group of solo instruments. |
concerto grosso |
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The ________ and __________ are the major keyboard instruments of the Baroque era |
harpsichord and organ |
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Another significant instrumental genre of the Baroque era was the _________ , which consisted of a number of short movements in dance rhythms. |
suite |
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At least partly as a result of this, Baroque composers favored __________ , sudden shifts from soft to loud or loud to soft. |
terraced dynamics |
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What were terraced dynamics ?? |
sudden shifts from soft to loud or loud to soft. |
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period -
consistent mood throughout a piece or movement (related to the Doctrine of Affections) |
Baroque |
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period -
elaborate and ornamented melodies, even in vocal music; |
Baroque |
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how did Bach make a living ?? |
Throughout his career, Bach relied on the established system of patronage for employment, holding posts as court organist to the Duke of Weimar, court composer to the Prince of Cöthen (1717-1723), and cantor of St. Thomas's Church in Leipzig (1723-1750). The type of music that Bach wrote was mostly determined by the position he held. |
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how did Handel make a living ?? |
- moved from Germany to London; made success writing Italian operas, soon English audiences became infatuated with the
but in the 1730's started writing oratorios |
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a form of baroque music in which the musical material is passed between a small group of soloists and full orchestra |
concerto grosso |
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what is a coda ?? |
In sonata allegro, After the final cadence of the recapitulation, the movement may continue with a coda which will contain material from the movement proper |
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serious opera on Greek/Roman themes |
opera seria |
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What form did Beethoven use to replace minuet and trio ?? |
scherzo and trio |
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Minuet and trio ??? |
it is derived from a three-part (ternary) dance form and may be illustrated as: minuet (A), trio (B, originally played by 3 players), minuet (A). Each section may be further broken down into 3 sub-sections. It is in 3/4 time (triple meter) and often the third movement in Classical symphonies, string quartets or other works. |
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the musical technique of writing music that reflects the literal meaning of a song. For example, ascending scales would accompany lyrics about going up; slow, dark music would accompany lyrics about death. |
Word painting |
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What is word painting ?? |
the musical technique of writing music that reflects the literal meaning of a song. For example, ascending scales would accompany lyrics about going up; slow, dark music would accompany lyrics about death. |
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When did word painting become popular ? |
Word painting became popular in the Renaissance through use in madrigals (secular poems set to music) |
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built in the shape of a rectangle. When the keys are pressed, blades, called tangents, rise to strike the strings above them
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clavichord |
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When did the clavichord become popular ? |
Renaissance |
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When did the harpsichord become popular ? |
Renaissance |