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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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music
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sound organized in time
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rhythm
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the temporal organization of sounds in music.
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beats
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regularly spaced rhythmic pulses
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tempo
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the speed of beats
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meter
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beats grouped into regularly recurring patterns.
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measure
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a single unit of the metric patterns.
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compound meter
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simultaneous perception of two different levels of beats
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irregular or asymmetric meter
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grouping twos and threes in an irregular fashion.
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flexible or unmetered rhythm
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rhythm that is patterned after words or dance movements and complex rhythmic practices of non-western cultures.
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polyrhythm
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the simultaneous sounding of more than one rhythm or meter.
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synocopation
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contradiction of underlying metric idea.
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colotomic structure
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large scale time units set off by gongs
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melody
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a succession of musical tones organized in a meaningful fashion
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pitch
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the highness or lowness of sounds.
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scales
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certain sequences of pitches
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major scale
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c major--all the white notes on the keyboard from one c to the next.
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tonic
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the main note of the melody.
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minor scale
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white keys of the piano from a to a
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melodic contour
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a melody's characteristic linear pattern or shape. (repeated, skipped to and from, changing direction)
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range
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distance from the highest note to the lowest note.
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step
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to an adjacent note in the scale (conjunct)
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skip
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movement that omits one or more notes in the scale (disjunct)
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theme
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when a melody serves as the primary horizontal building material for a piece of music.
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countermelody
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a melody that is of secondary importance to the primary melody
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harmony
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produced whenever two or more pitches sound at the same time.
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interval
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the distance in pitch between two notes sounded together or one after the other.
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chord
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three or more notes sounded together
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triad
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the most common type of chord, one that consists of three different notes.
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seventh chord
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contains four different notes.
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chord progression
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when different chords systematically follow each other in a piece of music. (12 bar blues)
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key
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a series of notes that have certain functions in relation to one another.
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tonality
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the sensation of a particular chord being "home" and other chords functioning in relation to that chord.
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dissonance
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sounds (intervals or chords) that are "unpleasiing" to our ears
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consonance
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"pleasing" sounds
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dynamics
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how loud or soft sounds are
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piano
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soft
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forte
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loud
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timbre
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color of sound
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orchestration
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the process of choosing instrumental combinations for a band or orchestral work.
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texture
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describes how music is constructed...the balance between the vertical(harmonic) and horizontal(melodic) realms in a given musical work.
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monophonic
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a single melodic line
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polyphonic
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made up exclusively of interwoven melodies
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homophonic
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one melodic line supported by chords
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tonal density
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the number and kinds of voices and instruments being employed.
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rhytmic density
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the amount of rhytmic activity
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form
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the overall design of a musical work that can be heard by the listener
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ternary form
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da capo (from the beginning)
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rondo form
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typically has a minimum of 5 sections represented by ABACA
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variation technique
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an original idea is stated and then repeated a number of times, but each repetition is in some way a variation of the original material...typically the original material is returned to toward the end of the variations.
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strophic form
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each stanza of text is sung to the same music
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minimalism
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using limited musical materials in a texture that features few (minimal) changes in rhythm, melody, and harmony.
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soprano/alto
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higher voices
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tenor/bass
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lower voices
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wind instruments
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sound is produced by a vibrating column of air.
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woodwinds
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flutes, reeds, cup mouthpieces, and free wind instruments
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brass
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cup mouthpieces
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string instruments
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sound is generated by a vibrating string
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percussion instruments
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instruments that produce a sound when struck or shaken.
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synthetic instruments
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sound produced electronically.
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ensembles
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instruments and/or voices that perform together.
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colotomic structure
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large scale time limits set off by gongs
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