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117 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The Baroque period went from _______ to _______
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1600-1750
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The primary feature of music from the Baroque period is its balance of _______ and _______
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Extravagance and Control
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What branch of History is the musical term "Baroque" borrowed from?
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Art History
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Historians are more likely to call the Baroque musical period "The Age of _______"
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Absolutism
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Science historians are more likely to call the Baroque musical period "The Age of _______"
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Science
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What historical figure plays the central role in the "Age of Absolutism"
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King Louis XIV
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The French court, ruled by ______, was the center of the cultural and political world during the late baroque
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King Louis XIV
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List THREE discoveries or inventions that come from the age of science:
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(Any of the following)
-Newton's laws of physics -The Telescope -The Microscope -Calculus -The discovery of blood circulation in the body -Galileo's observation that the Earth is not the center of the universe |
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True or false: Sponsorship of the arts diminished during the age of Absolutism
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False
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_______ was the main musical vehicle in the late baroque because of its lavish sets, intricate musical style, and expensive spectacle
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Opera
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Operas at the time were often allegorical tributes to _______
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The people who paid for them
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As evidenced by opera, _______ was evident in much art and music of Baroque period
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Theatricality
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Outside the influence of the French court, the _______ view of the world held sway
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Scientific
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True or False: the Dutch were ruled by monarchs who emulated the French court
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False
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True or False: the Germans were ruled by monarchs who emulated the French court
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True
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The influence of ________ observation in the arts can be seen in the precise and accurate paintings of Jan Vermeer
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Scientific
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Scales were refined during the age of science by more accurately tuning all the half steps: the new, more accurate scale was called the _______ scale
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Even-tempered
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Chords were systematized to follow each other in a logical and functional way. This practice is called _______
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Functional Harmony
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The overall plan or structure for a piece of music is called
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Form
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True or False: larger musical works had specific forms, but smaller pieces like dances did not have well-defined forms
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False
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True or False: conveying emotions through music was important to Baroque composers
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True
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True or False: Composers "scientifically" linked different keys, tempos, rhythms, melodic motives, etc, to emotional responses in the listener
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True
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As seen by Chippendale in furniture, Paul Revere in Silver, and Stradivarius in violins, the Baroque period, can also be called the age of _______
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Crafts
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True of False: "Craftsmanship" in the baroque era rose to new heights
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True
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True or False: Music was seen as a high art form during the Baroque period
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False
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True or False: Music was seen as a craft during the Baroque period
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True
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Composers and musicians were employed and seen on the level of _______
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Servants
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Composers had three main institutions for employment: _______, _________, and _______
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The Church
The Court The Opera house |
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True or False: Music of the late baroque is methodical in its construction
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True
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In Baroque music, the main ideas are played fairly early on in a piece of music, and then ______ methodically throughout the piece
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Developed
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True or False: The time aspect of Baroque music is very steady
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True
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In much Baroque music there is a bass line that plays steady even notes. This part is known as a _______
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Walking bass
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True or False: In Baroque music, composers asked for new dynamic extremes from musicians
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False
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_______ is the relative loudness or quietness of a musical piece
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Dynamic
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Much baroque instrumental music is written for a group of string and continuo called a(n) _______
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Orchestra
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The Baroque orchestra is modeled on "The 24 Violins of the King" who played for whom?
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King Louis XIV
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List the instruments of the Baroque Orchestra
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Strings:
Violin 1 Violin 2 Viola Cello Bass Viol Basso Continuo (or just Continuo): Harpsichord |
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List the instruments of the Festive Baroque Orchestra
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Strings:
Violin 1 Violin 2 Viola Cello Bass Viol Woodwinds: 2 oboes 1 Bassoon Brass: 3 trumpets Percussion: 2 Timpani Basso Continuo (or just Continuo): Harpsichord |
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The _______ was a special kind of orchestra with added instruments to signify vicoty in battle or a successful hunt
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Festive Baroque Orchestra
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True or False: Baroque melody was simple and uncomplicated
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False
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The practice of adding fast notes and vocal effects such as trills to make a melody more florid and expressive is called
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Ornamentation
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What is the texture of Baroque music? Why do we see it that way?
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Polyphonic. Despite the fact that many pieces have good/functional harmony, they still count as polyphonic because of the independent melodic quality of the bass line (as seen in the "walking bass")
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The _______ is a universal aspect of Baroque music
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Basso Continuo
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The _______ is a musician group of musicians playing the bass part of a piece of music and filling in chords
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Basso Continuo
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The basso continuo read a form of musical notation called _______ which gave them directions for filling in chords
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Figured bass
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True or False: Musical form in the baroque period is clear and well structured
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True
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Why are Baroque compositions so methodical and well-structured?
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1. The patronage system demanded a large amount of work and composers had to devise a means of producing it quickly and consistently
2. The scientific spirit of the age affected composers to approach their works in a systematic manner |
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True or False: During the Baroque period, instrumental music was the norm in most cultures, even outside of Europe
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False
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How did Baroque instrumental composers deal with the questions of
-How long should the music be? -What should the listener expect? |
Standardized Form
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The most important instrumental form of the Baroque period is the _______
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Concerto
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The word _______ comes from the Latin word for competition, and accurately portrays the relationship between the soloist and orchestra
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Concerto
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_______ is the name for a concerto in which the solo part is scored for a small group of musicians instead of an individual
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Concerto Grosso
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Baroque concertos are broken into ________ movements or sections, each with a distinct form
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Three
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The first movement of a Baroque concerto is almost always in ________ form
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Ritornello
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_______ form pits the orchestra against the soloist, with the orchestra "returning" periodically to restate the main theme
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Ritornello
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True or False: In Ritornello Form, the "ritornello" means "return" and refers to the music or musical idea presented by the orchestra
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True
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_______ are smaller, self-contained musical pieces within a larger work
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Movements
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The first movement of Vivaldi’s Violin Concerto in D La Stravaganza is in _______ form
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Ritornello
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Another common form in the Baroque era is the _______, which uses successive uninterrupted repetitions of a musical idea with modifications each time to keep the listener interested
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Variation Form
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Variation form relies on a _______ or repeating bass line to help unify the form
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Basso ostinato
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The second movement of Vivaldi’s Violin Concerto in G La Stravaganza is in _______ form
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Variation form
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Antonio Vivaldi’s Violin Concerto in D La Stravaganza is a _______
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Baroque Concerto
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J.S. Bach’s Brandenburg Concerto No 5 for Flute, Violin, Harpsichord, and Orchestra is an example of a _______
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Baroque Concerto Grosso
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A _______ is an improvised or improvisatory solo passage within a larger piece
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Cadenza
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When did J.S. Bach Die?
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1750
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True of False: J.S. Bach, like many musicians of the time, learned his craft from his family
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True
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J.S. Bach was born into a musical family that generated more than _______ prominent musicians
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30
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True or False: J.S. Bach was seen as a great artist and master of composition
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False, he was seen as a servant
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When J.S. Bach tried to leave Weimar for a new position, what did his former employer do?
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Threw him in jail
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Bach had _______ children, all of whom were trained in music, and many of whom probably assisted him in his duties at St Thomas’ Church
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20
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A _______ is a polyphonic composition for a fixed number of instrumental lines or voices built on one principal theme
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Fugue
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In addition to Concertos and Dance Suites, _______ was a prominent form of instrumental composition that involved strict imitative polyphony
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Fugue
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List the three major kinds of instrumental compositions from the baroque period
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Concerto
Fugue Dance Suite |
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The first section of a fugue, called a _______, is where the "subject" is presented in strict polyphonic imitation in all voices
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Exposition
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The one principal theme of a fugue is called a _______
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Subject
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Following the exposition section of a fugue, there are alternating _______ and _______
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Episodes and Subject entries
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In a fugue, a(n) _______ is a section where the subject is presented again clearly to help stabilize the piece
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Subject entry
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in a fugue, a(n) _______ is a section where short, transitional, and unstable entries of the subject appear to contrast with the more stable sections of the piece
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Episode
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Baroque instrumental composers composed sets of stylized dances and assembled them into collection called _______
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Dance suites
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True or False: Baroque Dance Suites were written for courtly balls where nobles would dance
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False
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True or False: There was no overall structure to a baroque dance suite. It was merely a collection of stylized dances
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True
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How were the moevements of a Baroque Dance Suite unified as a whole?
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They were in the same key
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A common form for a dance movement from a Baroque Dance suite is,
||: a :||: b :|| also known as _______ |
Binary Form
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A Baroque dance suite usually begins with a special introductory piece called a ______
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French Overture
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A(n) _______ is a short piece of music which precedes a larger work and summarizes the motives and ideas
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Overture
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The French Overture became popular in dance suites because of it's use in which court?
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France/ King Louis XIV
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With short dances, baroque composers would group them into an ABA arrangment, commonly known as _______
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Trio Form
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In Trio form, the middles section of the piece earned the name "trio" because:
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There were usually only three people playing
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The Gavotte from J. S. Bach’s Orchestral Suite No. 3 in D has a _______ form
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Trio
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The Gavotte from J. S. Bach’s Orchestral Suite No. 3 in D is performed by a _______
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Festive Baroque Orchestra
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_______ is the most popular form of Baroque vocal music, and indeed the most important form of any music in the Baroque era
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Opera
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The principal type of Italian Baroque opera is something called _______, or serious opera
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Opera Seria
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Opera seria plots were loosely derived from _______ or _______
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ancient history or mythology
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True or False: Opera seria was designed to stir up intense emotions like passion, rage, grief, and triumph
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True
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Opera seria is dominated by solo singing (Arias) by _______ and _______ while tenors and basses played subordinate roles
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Sopranos and mezzo-sopranos
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Often times, male roles in Baroque opera seria were sung by a _______; a male singer who had submitted to castration as a young boy to preserve his young voice
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Castrato
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The opera seria story was moved along by use of _______, which is a technique for delivering text in a heightened dramatic style
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Recitative
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Recitative that is accompanied only by the continuo is called _______
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Secco Recitative
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Recitative that is accompanied by the orchestra is called _______
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Accompanied Recitative
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A(n) _______ is a solo piece for singer usually found in opera or oratorio
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Aria
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The standard form for an aria is _______, meaning "from the head"
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Da Capo form
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Da Capo form can be diagrammed using letters as _______
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ABA
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True or False: In da capo form, both the words and music of the first section of the aria (A) would be repeated after the second section of the aria (B), so the composer only needed to write two sections of music (A and B)
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True
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- The aria “La giustizia” from George Fridric Handel’s opera Julius Caesar is an example an aria in _______ form
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Da Capo form
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True or False: George Friderich Handel was born into a large musical family
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False
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Handel was born in Germany but found his greatest success in _______
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London, England
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True of False: Handel was a bad businessman, despite his success in opera seria
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False
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When opera started to lose its popularity in England, Handel invented a new opera-like genre based on Biblical stories called _______
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Oratorio
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The most famous of Handel's pieces is an oratorio called _______
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The Messiah
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Name two differences between opera seria and oratorio:
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(any of the following)
-Biblical plot -No staging or scenery -No action, only implied action -no costumes |
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How is the Messiah unlike a typical oratorio?
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Messiah does not have characters acting out parts. Instead, it has anonymous narrators who relate the story of Jesus' life while singers “react” to the story
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Second in importance to oratorio among baroque sacred-music genres is the _______
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Church cantata
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A _______ is a general name for a piece of medium length for voices and instruments
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Cantata
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Many Lutheran cantatas feature Lutheran hymns called _______
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Chorales
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An example of a _______ is No. 4, “Chist lag in Todesbanden” by JS Bach
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Church Cantata
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German churches took great pride in their organs, and composers for the German churches composed pieces called _______ which showed off the organ and organist by incorporating a chorale tune
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Chorale Prelude
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J.S. Bach's “Christ lag in Todesbanden” is a _______ based on the chorale of the same name
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Chorale Prelude
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