Mus 100 Unit 3

Front 1

The Baroque period went from _______ to _______

Back 1

1600-1750

Front 2

The primary feature of music from the Baroque period is its balance of _______ and _______

Back 2

Extravagance and Control

Front 3

What branch of History is the musical term "Baroque" borrowed from?

Back 3

Art History

Front 4

Historians are more likely to call the Baroque musical period "The Age of _______"

Back 4

Absolutism

Front 5

Science historians are more likely to call the Baroque musical period "The Age of _______"

Back 5

Science

Front 6

What historical figure plays the central role in the "Age of Absolutism"

Back 6

King Louis XIV

Front 7

The French court, ruled by ______, was the center of the cultural and political world during the late baroque

Back 7

King Louis XIV

Front 8

List THREE discoveries or inventions that come from the age of science:

Back 8

(Any of the following)
-Newton's laws of physics
-The Telescope
-The Microscope
-Calculus
-The discovery of blood circulation in the body
-Galileo's observation that the Earth is not the center of the universe

Front 9

True or false: Sponsorship of the arts diminished during the age of Absolutism

Back 9

False

Front 10

_______ was the main musical vehicle in the late baroque because of its lavish sets, intricate musical style, and expensive spectacle

Back 10

Opera

Front 11

Operas at the time were often allegorical tributes to _______

Back 11

The people who paid for them

Front 12

As evidenced by opera, _______ was evident in much art and music of Baroque period

Back 12

Theatricality

Front 13

Outside the influence of the French court, the _______ view of the world held sway

Back 13

Scientific

Front 14

True or False: the Dutch were ruled by monarchs who emulated the French court

Back 14

False

Front 15

True or False: the Germans were ruled by monarchs who emulated the French court

Back 15

True

Front 16

The influence of ________ observation in the arts can be seen in the precise and accurate paintings of Jan Vermeer

Back 16

Scientific

Front 17

Scales were refined during the age of science by more accurately tuning all the half steps: the new, more accurate scale was called the _______ scale

Back 17

Even-tempered

Front 18

Chords were systematized to follow each other in a logical and functional way. This practice is called _______

Back 18

Functional Harmony

Front 19

The overall plan or structure for a piece of music is called

Back 19

Form

Front 20

True or False: larger musical works had specific forms, but smaller pieces like dances did not have well-defined forms

Back 20

False

Front 21

True or False: conveying emotions through music was important to Baroque composers

Back 21

True

Front 22

True or False: Composers "scientifically" linked different keys, tempos, rhythms, melodic motives, etc, to emotional responses in the listener

Back 22

True

Front 23

As seen by Chippendale in furniture, Paul Revere in Silver, and Stradivarius in violins, the Baroque period, can also be called the age of _______

Back 23

Crafts

Front 24

True of False: "Craftsmanship" in the baroque era rose to new heights

Back 24

True

Front 25

True or False: Music was seen as a high art form during the Baroque period

Back 25

False

Front 26

True or False: Music was seen as a craft during the Baroque period

Back 26

True

Front 27

Composers and musicians were employed and seen on the level of _______

Back 27

Servants

Front 28

Composers had three main institutions for employment: _______, _________, and _______

Back 28

The Church
The Court
The Opera house

Front 29

True or False: Music of the late baroque is methodical in its construction

Back 29

True

Front 30

In Baroque music, the main ideas are played fairly early on in a piece of music, and then ______ methodically throughout the piece

Back 30

Developed

Front 31

True or False: The time aspect of Baroque music is very steady

Back 31

True

Front 32

In much Baroque music there is a bass line that plays steady even notes. This part is known as a _______

Back 32

Walking bass

Front 33

True or False: In Baroque music, composers asked for new dynamic extremes from musicians

Back 33

False

Front 34

_______ is the relative loudness or quietness of a musical piece

Back 34

Dynamic

Front 35

Much baroque instrumental music is written for a group of string and continuo called a(n) _______

Back 35

Orchestra

Front 36

The Baroque orchestra is modeled on "The 24 Violins of the King" who played for whom?

Back 36

King Louis XIV

Front 37

List the instruments of the Baroque Orchestra

Back 37

Strings:
Violin 1
Violin 2
Viola
Cello
Bass Viol

Basso Continuo (or just Continuo):
Harpsichord

Front 38

List the instruments of the Festive Baroque Orchestra

Back 38

Strings:
Violin 1
Violin 2
Viola
Cello
Bass Viol

Woodwinds:
2 oboes
1 Bassoon

Brass:
3 trumpets

Percussion:
2 Timpani

Basso Continuo (or just Continuo):
Harpsichord

Front 39

The _______ was a special kind of orchestra with added instruments to signify vicoty in battle or a successful hunt

Back 39

Festive Baroque Orchestra

Front 40

True or False: Baroque melody was simple and uncomplicated

Back 40

False

Front 41

The practice of adding fast notes and vocal effects such as trills to make a melody more florid and expressive is called

Back 41

Ornamentation

Front 42

What is the texture of Baroque music? Why do we see it that way?

Back 42

Polyphonic. Despite the fact that many pieces have good/functional harmony, they still count as polyphonic because of the independent melodic quality of the bass line (as seen in the "walking bass")

Front 43

The _______ is a universal aspect of Baroque music

Back 43

Basso Continuo

Front 44

The _______ is a musician group of musicians playing the bass part of a piece of music and filling in chords

Back 44

Basso Continuo

Front 45

The basso continuo read a form of musical notation called _______ which gave them directions for filling in chords

Back 45

Figured bass

Front 46

True or False: Musical form in the baroque period is clear and well structured

Back 46

True

Front 47

Why are Baroque compositions so methodical and well-structured?

Back 47

1. The patronage system demanded a large amount of work and composers had to devise a means of producing it quickly and consistently

2. The scientific spirit of the age affected composers to approach their works in a systematic manner

Front 48

True or False: During the Baroque period, instrumental music was the norm in most cultures, even outside of Europe

Back 48

False

Front 49

How did Baroque instrumental composers deal with the questions of
-How long should the music be?
-What should the listener expect?

Back 49

Standardized Form

Front 50

The most important instrumental form of the Baroque period is the _______

Back 50

Concerto

Front 51

The word _______ comes from the Latin word for competition, and accurately portrays the relationship between the soloist and orchestra

Back 51

Concerto

Front 52

_______ is the name for a concerto in which the solo part is scored for a small group of musicians instead of an individual

Back 52

Concerto Grosso

Front 53

Baroque concertos are broken into ________ movements or sections, each with a distinct form

Back 53

Three

Front 54

The first movement of a Baroque concerto is almost always in ________ form

Back 54

Ritornello

Front 55

_______ form pits the orchestra against the soloist, with the orchestra "returning" periodically to restate the main theme

Back 55

Ritornello

Front 56

True or False: In Ritornello Form, the "ritornello" means "return" and refers to the music or musical idea presented by the orchestra

Back 56

True

Front 57

_______ are smaller, self-contained musical pieces within a larger work

Back 57

Movements

Front 58

The first movement of Vivaldi’s Violin Concerto in D La Stravaganza is in _______ form

Back 58

Ritornello

Front 59

Another common form in the Baroque era is the _______, which uses successive uninterrupted repetitions of a musical idea with modifications each time to keep the listener interested

Back 59

Variation Form

Front 60

Variation form relies on a _______ or repeating bass line to help unify the form

Back 60

Basso ostinato

Front 61

The second movement of Vivaldi’s Violin Concerto in G La Stravaganza is in _______ form

Back 61

Variation form

Front 62

Antonio Vivaldi’s Violin Concerto in D La Stravaganza is a _______

Back 62

Baroque Concerto

Front 63

J.S. Bach’s Brandenburg Concerto No 5 for Flute, Violin, Harpsichord, and Orchestra is an example of a _______

Back 63

Baroque Concerto Grosso

Front 64

A _______ is an improvised or improvisatory solo passage within a larger piece

Back 64

Cadenza

Front 65

When did J.S. Bach Die?

Back 65

1750

Front 66

True of False: J.S. Bach, like many musicians of the time, learned his craft from his family

Back 66

True

Front 67

J.S. Bach was born into a musical family that generated more than _______ prominent musicians

Back 67

30

Front 68

True or False: J.S. Bach was seen as a great artist and master of composition

Back 68

False, he was seen as a servant

Front 69

When J.S. Bach tried to leave Weimar for a new position, what did his former employer do?

Back 69

Threw him in jail

Front 70

Bach had _______ children, all of whom were trained in music, and many of whom probably assisted him in his duties at St Thomas’ Church

Back 70

20

Front 71

A _______ is a polyphonic composition for a fixed number of instrumental lines or voices built on one principal theme

Back 71

Fugue

Front 72

In addition to Concertos and Dance Suites, _______ was a prominent form of instrumental composition that involved strict imitative polyphony

Back 72

Fugue

Front 73

List the three major kinds of instrumental compositions from the baroque period

Back 73

Concerto
Fugue
Dance Suite

Front 74

The first section of a fugue, called a _______, is where the "subject" is presented in strict polyphonic imitation in all voices

Back 74

Exposition

Front 75

The one principal theme of a fugue is called a _______

Back 75

Subject

Front 76

Following the exposition section of a fugue, there are alternating _______ and _______

Back 76

Episodes and Subject entries

Front 77

In a fugue, a(n) _______ is a section where the subject is presented again clearly to help stabilize the piece

Back 77

Subject entry

Front 78

in a fugue, a(n) _______ is a section where short, transitional, and unstable entries of the subject appear to contrast with the more stable sections of the piece

Back 78

Episode

Front 79

Baroque instrumental composers composed sets of stylized dances and assembled them into collection called _______

Back 79

Dance suites

Front 80

True or False: Baroque Dance Suites were written for courtly balls where nobles would dance

Back 80

False

Front 81

True or False: There was no overall structure to a baroque dance suite. It was merely a collection of stylized dances

Back 81

True

Front 82

How were the moevements of a Baroque Dance Suite unified as a whole?

Back 82

They were in the same key

Front 83

A common form for a dance movement from a Baroque Dance suite is,
||: a :||: b :||
also known as _______

Back 83

Binary Form

Front 84

A Baroque dance suite usually begins with a special introductory piece called a ______

Back 84

French Overture

Front 85

A(n) _______ is a short piece of music which precedes a larger work and summarizes the motives and ideas

Back 85

Overture

Front 86

The French Overture became popular in dance suites because of it's use in which court?

Back 86

France/ King Louis XIV

Front 87

With short dances, baroque composers would group them into an ABA arrangment, commonly known as _______

Back 87

Trio Form

Front 88

In Trio form, the middles section of the piece earned the name "trio" because:

Back 88

There were usually only three people playing

Front 89

The Gavotte from J. S. Bach’s Orchestral Suite No. 3 in D has a _______ form

Back 89

Trio

Front 90

The Gavotte from J. S. Bach’s Orchestral Suite No. 3 in D is performed by a _______

Back 90

Festive Baroque Orchestra

Front 91

_______ is the most popular form of Baroque vocal music, and indeed the most important form of any music in the Baroque era

Back 91

Opera

Front 92

The principal type of Italian Baroque opera is something called _______, or serious opera

Back 92

Opera Seria

Front 93

Opera seria plots were loosely derived from _______ or _______

Back 93

ancient history or mythology

Front 94

True or False: Opera seria was designed to stir up intense emotions like passion, rage, grief, and triumph

Back 94

True

Front 95

Opera seria is dominated by solo singing (Arias) by _______ and _______ while tenors and basses played subordinate roles

Back 95

Sopranos and mezzo-sopranos

Front 96

Often times, male roles in Baroque opera seria were sung by a _______; a male singer who had submitted to castration as a young boy to preserve his young voice

Back 96

Castrato

Front 97

The opera seria story was moved along by use of _______, which is a technique for delivering text in a heightened dramatic style

Back 97

Recitative

Front 98

Recitative that is accompanied only by the continuo is called _______

Back 98

Secco Recitative

Front 99

Recitative that is accompanied by the orchestra is called _______

Back 99

Accompanied Recitative

Front 100

A(n) _______ is a solo piece for singer usually found in opera or oratorio

Back 100

Aria

Front 101

The standard form for an aria is _______, meaning "from the head"

Back 101

Da Capo form

Front 102

Da Capo form can be diagrammed using letters as _______

Back 102

ABA

Front 103

True or False: In da capo form, both the words and music of the first section of the aria (A) would be repeated after the second section of the aria (B), so the composer only needed to write two sections of music (A and B)

Back 103

True

Front 104

- The aria “La giustizia” from George Fridric Handel’s opera Julius Caesar is an example an aria in _______ form

Back 104

Da Capo form

Front 105

True or False: George Friderich Handel was born into a large musical family

Back 105

False

Front 106

Handel was born in Germany but found his greatest success in _______

Back 106

London, England

Front 107

True of False: Handel was a bad businessman, despite his success in opera seria

Back 107

False

Front 108

When opera started to lose its popularity in England, Handel invented a new opera-like genre based on Biblical stories called _______

Back 108

Oratorio

Front 109

The most famous of Handel's pieces is an oratorio called _______

Back 109

The Messiah

Front 110

Name two differences between opera seria and oratorio:

Back 110

(any of the following)
-Biblical plot
-No staging or scenery
-No action, only implied action
-no costumes

Front 111

How is the Messiah unlike a typical oratorio?

Back 111

Messiah does not have characters acting out parts. Instead, it has anonymous narrators who relate the story of Jesus' life while singers “react” to the story

Front 112

Second in importance to oratorio among baroque sacred-music genres is the _______

Back 112

Church cantata

Front 113

A _______ is a general name for a piece of medium length for voices and instruments

Back 113

Cantata

Front 114

Many Lutheran cantatas feature Lutheran hymns called _______

Back 114

Chorales

Front 115

An example of a _______ is No. 4, “Chist lag in Todesbanden” by JS Bach

Back 115

Church Cantata

Front 116

German churches took great pride in their organs, and composers for the German churches composed pieces called _______ which showed off the organ and organist by incorporating a chorale tune

Back 116

Chorale Prelude

Front 117

J.S. Bach's “Christ lag in Todesbanden” is a _______ based on the chorale of the same name

Back 117

Chorale Prelude