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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In broad terms, what is the patho for multiple sclerosis?
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Chronic inflammation, demyelination and scarring of CNS
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How do ppl get multiple sclerosis?
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Cause is unknown but related to viral infection, immunologic and genetic factors
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What are some precipitating factors for multiple sclerosis?
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- Infection
- Physical injury - emotional stress - excessive fatigue - pregnancy - poor state of health |
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What are the three general clinical manifestations?
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- Vague symptoms over months or years
- Chronic, progressive deterioration of neurological function - Remissions and exacerbations |
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What are some motor problems?
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- Sensory
- Weakness ot paralysis of limbs, trunk, or head - Diplopia - Scanning speech - Muscle spasticity |
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What are some sensory problems?
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- Numbness, tingling
- Patchy blindness (scotoma) - Blurred vision - Vertigo - Tinnitus, decreased hearing - Chronic pain |
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What are some cerebellar problems?
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- Nystagmus (involuntary eye movement)
- Ataxia (poor coordination) - Dysarthria(problem with articulating) - Dysphagia |
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What are some emotional problems?
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- Anger
- Depression - Euphoria - Liable |
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What GI and GU problems will they have?
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- Constipation
- Urinary Incontinence |
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What 3 things do they look at for dx of MS?
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- History
- Clinical manifestations - McDonald critieria |
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What is the McDonald critieria?
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- Two events seperated in time and space
- MRI shows lesions - CSF has high number of lumphocytes and monocytes - Analysis of evoked potentials as a means of identifying a second attack |
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What type of meds are given for edema and inflammatory response in exacerbations?
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Corticosteriods
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What meds are given for paresthesia?
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- Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
- tricyclic antidepressants |
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What meds are given for cerebellar ataxia?
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- Propranolol (Inderal)
- Clonazepam (Klonopin) |
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What type of meds are given for urinary retention if pt has flaccid bladder?
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Cholinergics
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What type of meds are given for urinary frequency and urgency for spastic bladder?
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Anticholinergic
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Muscle relaxants are given for? examples?
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- Spasticity
- Valium, Lioresal, Dantrium, Zanaflex |
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CNS stimulants are given for? examples?
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- Relieves fatigue
- Cylert, Ritalin, Provigil |
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Why do you want to teach the patient to drink cranberry juice?
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UTI protection
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What is one of the main things to teach a patient with MS?
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Decrease stress since it is one of the precipitating factors.
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What is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?
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A progressive neuro disorder that involves the loss of motor neurons
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Where does ALS usually affect?
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Limbs, trunk, speech, swallowing, respiration
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What is the prognosis for ALS?
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Death within 2-6 years after dx
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What is the only drug approved for ALS?
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Riluzole (Rilutek)
extends survival time |
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True or False
A patient with ALS still has their full cognition intact. |
True
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What do you need to watch for in ALS patients?
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Suicide
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Are ALS patients able to make their own decisions about care?
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Yes b/c cognitivly they are all there
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