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133 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How much of the global economy did India have
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25%
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Who were the Mughals descendants of?
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Monguls
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What city did the Mughals come from?
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Kabul, Afghanistan
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Who was the first leader of the Mughals?
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Babur
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What age did Babur take power?
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12
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What city did Babur target
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Delhi
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Who was the ruler of Delhi when Babur decided to target it
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Ibraham Lodi
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Which battle did Babur defeat Lodi for Delhi
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Pannipat
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What was the strategic position Babur held against Lodi's 100000 men with Babur's 12000?
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Funnel
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What weapons did Babur and his men use to defeat Lodi?
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Composite bows, light cannon, muskets, and cavalry
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What did Babur use the enormous wealth of Delhi for?
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to fund his conquer of Northern India
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Which valuable diamond was found in Delhi and how many carrots was it?
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The Kohinoor diamond
180 carrots |
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What was the symbol of Mughal occupation at their complexes
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water gardens
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How Many quadrants did the water of the water gardens flow into?
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4
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What did the 4 quadrants represent?
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The four rivers that flow into paradise in the Quran.
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Who was the Mughal Ruler after Babur
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Akbar
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What were the Hindu Princes called?
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Rajputs
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What was Akbar's weapon of choice?
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Armored elephants
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Above ground covered passageways are called what?
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Sabats
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How many civilians did Akbar's troops slay during the Chittor siege
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30,000
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What was the new capital city built under Akbar?
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Fatehpur Sikri
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What was Fatehpur Sikri built from?
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Red Sandstone from a nearby quarry
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Why did Akbar isolate his capital
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so he could keep a close watch on the work that his people did
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How did Akbar get water into Fatehpur Sikri?
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Persian Water Wheels
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How was Fatehpur Sikri laid out?
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like a nomads' camp
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What was Akbar's special building for meditation?
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Diwan-i-Kas
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Who ruled after Akbar?
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Shah-Jahan
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how many horses did Shah Jahan have
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over 5000
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what does "Shah Jahan" mean?
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ruler of the world
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How did Shah Jahan show his power and wealth?
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He built a magnificent throne of Gold and Jewels
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What was Shah Jahan's throne called?
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the peacock throne
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What was Shah Jahan's most significant building project
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the Taj Mahal
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What was the Taj Mahal?
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a tomb for his wife, Mumtaz Mahal
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Who overthrew Shah Jahan?
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Auran-Gzeb his son
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What did Tipu sultan rely on to fight the British
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Guerilla warfare and special rockets
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Who is named the empress of India?
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Queen Victoria
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What were the Mughals masters of
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the battlefield
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Who were the mughals descendants of
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Genghis Khan
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How old was Babur when he inherited the Mughals
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12
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How many men did Babur have compared to Delhi
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12,000 to 100,000
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From how far away was the composite bow lethal?
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100 yards
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How fast could a composite bow be shot
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1 arrow every 5 seconds
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What was needed to string the composite bow?
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immense force
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What was the "Mid-Evil Machine gun"?
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The English Longbow
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How long was the English Longbow?
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Over 6 ft
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What was the initial speed of an arrow being shot from an English Longbow?
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135 mph
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What was the speed of an arrow shot from an English Longbow at its destination
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90 mph
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What were three things the Mughal Bow was made of?
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Cow Tendon, Mango Tree, Glue
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What was the most important process of bow-making
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sinuing
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What was the range of the Mughal Cannon?
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1300 Yards
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What was the average length of the Mughal Cannon
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7-8 feet
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What was the mughal cannon cast out of
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bronze
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How did Delhi acquire all of its wealth
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it was left by previous empires
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What was the most precious thing to the Mughals
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Water
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"palaces without walls"
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water gardens
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conquering what Kingdom was the key to ruling India
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Rajastan
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What was the wealthiest place in Rajastan that Akbar wanted to conquer
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Chittor
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What made Chittor a key weapons producing area?
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The Steel
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Why did the Rajput Kitar have a thicker blade near the point
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to force apart a would
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How long was the rajput Kitar
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from 3 inches to 3 ft
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What steel was the Kitar made of which happened to be the best in the world
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Damascus Steel
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How was Damascus Steel produced?
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By welding high carbon steel and low carbon steel together
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"Tanks of Akbar's Time"
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Elephants
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What did Akbar believe was the key to military success?
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armored elephants.
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What did the elephant armor consist of
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chainmail covered with metal plates
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How many people rode on an elephant
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3
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why did the driver of the elephant carry a hammer and chizzle
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so that if he lost control of the elephant, he could kill the elephant.
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How many elephants did Akbar own
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5000
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How heavy was the elephant tusk sword
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10 pounds
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Why were elephants used to carryout executions?
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because they could crush and pull apart people very easily
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Did Akbar get into Rajastan on the first try?
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no
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What was Akbar's manmade hill for artillery
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Coyne Hill
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When Akbar saw that his cannons could not destroy the walls of the Chittor Fortress, what was his next idea?
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He wanted to plant mines below the fortress walls.
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what were Akbar's man made tunnels called?
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Sabbats
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Why did Akbar's idea to plant mines not work?
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because one of the mines backfired, killing his men
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How long was it before Akbar was victorious at Chittor
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less than a day
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How many civilians did Akbar slay at Chittor
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30,000
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What did Akbar do with the heads of the civilians that he slayed?
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he put them on a tower to display his power
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How big did akbar expand the Mughal Empire?
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to 1,000,000 sq miles
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how many matchlocks did Akbar have for his personal use
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105
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What could be shot from a matchlock if necessary
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stones
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What was the serpantine?
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the part of the matchlock that brought the match down to the powder.
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what made the matchlock accurate
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the narrow barrel
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What were the matchlock barrels made out of
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Damascus Steel
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what was Akbar's capital city
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Fatipuh-Sikri
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How long did it take to build Fatipuh-Sikri
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16 years
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What "cage" did Akbar but his potential rivals
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The isolated city of Fatipuh-Sikri
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What did Akbar use to bring the water from the lake to the city
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Persian Water Wheels
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How was Fatipuh-Sikri laid out
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like a nomad's camp
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What day would Akbar invite the religious representatives to discuss religious values
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Thursday
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What was the place Akbar built for his wives and concubines?
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Harem Garden
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What caused Akbar to move his capital again
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Instability in the Northwest
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Why was Fatipuh-Sikri abandoned
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Lack of Water
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What started Shah Jahan's rule?
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In 1614, he took 24,000 horses to Mewar to subdue the city to Mughal Beliefs
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What was unique about the Mewari horses?
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Their ears were pointed inward and they would bring back lost riders
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What must horses be able to do to be used in battle
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tolerate much motion around their heads.
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How long did it take to train a Mughal horseman
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10 years
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What was more important to the Mughals, horsemanship or Archery?
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horsemanship
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What did Shah Jahan and Akbar both do the same as soon as they came into power
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had all potential rivals eliminated
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What was the name of Shah Jahan's throne which is worth about $1 Billion today?
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Peacock throne
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how many concubines did Shah Jahan Have?
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5000
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What was unique about Shah Jahan's palaces?
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They were very wealth oriented with expensive rugs and jewels
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What was Shah Jahan's greatest achievement?
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The Taj Mahal
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What was the Taj Mahal for
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It was a tomb for Shah Jahan's beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal
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When and How did Mumtaz Mahal die?
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In 1631 - Mysteriously while giving birth to their 14th child
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How long did it tke to build the Taj Mahal
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2 years
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What is on either side of the Taj
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A Mosque and and an assembly hall
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After the Taj was complete, what did Shah Jahan do to the workers and why?
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Shah Jahan cut off the hands of the workers so that could never build anything rivaling the Taj's beauty
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What is the actual Black Taj?
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A reflection of the Taj from Shah Jahan's water garden across the river from the Taj
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How did Shah Jahan lose his power
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He fell ill in September of 1567
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Who imprisoned Shah Jahan in conquest for his power
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Auran-Gzeb
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Where was the extremely large cannon
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Jigar Fort
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what was a cannon made of
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solid metal
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What drove the drill that created the cannon barrel
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Oxen
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How long could the Jigar Fort Cannon shoot?
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15 Miles
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What brought the Mughal empire to its peak
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The Series of battles to capture Golconda
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At which siege did the Mughals finally encounter competition
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Golconda Siege
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What was the town of Golconda known for?
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Its diamonds
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How was the principal of diamond cutting applied to architecture
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It created a warning sound in the fort by clapping. When one clapped in a certain spot, it could be heard miles away. So clapping was used as a warning sound
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What did the Mughals do after dark to attempt to breach the Golcondian walls?
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put up wooden structures against the walls to try to climb over them
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What tested the Mughals to see how prepared they were at the siege of Golconda?
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Famine, Flood, and Disease
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How long did the siege of Golconda take
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8 months
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How did the Mughals win the siege of Golconda
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by trickery, one of the soldiers was bribed to leave open a gate in the wall for the Mughals to pour in
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how large was the Mughal empire at its height
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1.25 Million sq Miles
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How Big was the door to the Golcondian Fort
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13 ft high and 20 ft wide
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How much of the world's population was made up of the mughals?
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25%
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How many regional states did the Mughal empire decline into
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3
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Who arrived to take back their dream of taking India's riches
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Europeans
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What kingdom was Tipur-Sultan from
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Mysore
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What made the British surrender in the battle of Pollilar?
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The rocket setting fire to an ammunition cart
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What was Tipu's last stand
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The Battle of Seringapatam
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Who carried on the rockets of Tipu
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The British
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What is a Jizya
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The tax on non muslims and hindus developed by Akbar
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