Mtc Exam 3 Mitochondria & Cell Metab

Front 1

Cell metab processes that occur in cytosol

Back 1

oxidation of:
-simple sugars, FA, AA via glycolysis

Front 2

Glycolysis rxn

Back 2

glucose --> 2 pyruvate + 2NADH + 2ATP
-anaerobic, in all cells cytosol

Front 3

CAC rxn

Back 3

§ Acetyl coA + oxaloacetate --> -->3NADH, 1FADH2, 1GTP
glucose --=~30ATP via ox phos

Front 4

Pyruvate dehydrogenase rxn (fcn)

Back 4

pyruvate --> acetyl CoA
in mitochondrial matrix

Front 5

Oxidative phosphorylation
-location
-fcn
-major components

Back 5

-inner mitoch membrane (impermeable)
-more cristae = more surf area for oxphos
-generates ATP
-O2, NADH, FADH2, F1F0ATPase, ANT, complexes, cytchC

Front 6

Mitochondria:
outer membrane

Back 6

-barrier btwn mitoc & EC space
○ has porin channels for smaller molec passage
○ Larger molecs req active transport

Front 7

Mitochondria: intermembrane space

Back 7

-btwn outer & inner mem
○ Hosts CytchC & H+/voltage gradient (↑H+ = ↓pH here)
○ Cardiolipin = protein that helps keep membrane impermeable (desirable so can build H+ gradient for ATP synth)

Front 8

Mitochondria: inner membrane

Back 8

(folds =cristae =↑surfarea): where most of ETC components are (except cytocr C)

Front 9

Mitochondria: matrix

Back 9

-like cytosol of cells
-where CAC happens, ox pyruvate & FA
○ Also mitoc DNA, ribosomes, tRNA
○ Has higher pH than intermemb space = H+ grad for ATP synth

Front 10

Mitoch poisons: arsenic
-mech of fcn
-effect

Back 10

-inhib pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
Prevents gen of acetyl coA

Front 11

Mitoch poisons: cyanide
-mech of fcn
-effect

Back 11

-inhib complex IV of ETC
-Prevents transp of H+ from cytochr C oxidase to O2

Front 12

Mitoch poisons: rotenone
-mech of fcn
-effect

Back 12

-inhib complex I of ETC -Prevents transfer of e- from complex I to ubiquinone

Front 13

Mitoch poisons: ○ Mitochondrial uncouplers (2,4-dinitrophenol, DNP; FCCP): proton ionophors

Back 13

-Bind to H+ & cross mitoch inner membr --> DISSIPATE H+ gradient

Front 14

Mitoch poisons: oligomycin
-mech of fcn
-effect

Back 14

-inhib ATP synthase (F1F0) -Blocks ATP gen via ox phos

Front 15

Uncoupling proteins
-general fcn
-1, 2, 3, 4/5

Back 15

-disrupt H+ gradient across inner mitoch membr (bypass ATP synthase by moving H+ back to matrix... generate heat
-protect via red ROS?
-1(thermogenin): in brown adip tissue in newborn mammals & hibernating animals
2-expr in many tissues; linked to obesity & weight regulation
3-mostly in skeletal & cardiac muscle
4/5-mostly in brain & testis

Front 16

Mitoch fusion genes

Back 16

-DRP1 (mut --> microcephaly)
-FIS1

Front 17

Mitoch fission genes

Back 17

-MFN2 (mut--> Charcot-Marie-Tooth2A (CMT2A))
-OPA1 (mut -->Autosomal Dominant Optic Atrophy (ADOA))

Front 18

Mitoch DNA characteristics
-size, shape, coding capacities
-inheritance

Back 18

-small (16kb)
-circular, double-stranded
-codes 13 prot, some rRNA some tRNA
-gets other prot machinery from cell's nucleus
-maternally inherited; high rate of mutation

Front 19

Mitoch DNA mutation diseases

Back 19

-LHON Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy
○ Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS)
○ MELAS (mitoc encephalomayopathy, lactic acidosis, stroke-like episodes)
**tissues w/ high energy req (brain, heart, musc) are esp vulnerabe to mitoch dysfcn)

Front 20

Warburg effect (cancer metab)

Back 20

○ Cancer cells predominantly pdc energy by glycolysis rather than oxphos