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151 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Inferior
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lower or below
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Superior
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above
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Medi / al
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midline of the body
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Anterior
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front
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Posterior
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back
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later / al
[LAT-er-al] |
side, to one side
боковой; удаленный от средней линии |
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Word root
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is the main part of the word
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combining form
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is created when a word root is combined with a vowel
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suffix
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is a word element located at the end of word. usually indicate a procedure, condition, disease or part of speech
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RULE 1
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rule 1: A word root links a suffix that begins with a vowel.
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RULE 2
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A combining form (root + o) links a suffix that begins with a consonant
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RULE 3
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A combining form (root + o ) links a root to another root to form a compound word. This holds true even the next root begins with a vowel
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Suffixes that indicate a part of speech are known as
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grammatical suffixes
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Prefix
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is a word element located at the beginning of a word
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Prefix indicates
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a number, time, position, negation
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suffix -ac
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pertaining to, relating to
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suffix -al
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pertaining to, relating to
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suffix -ar
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pertaining to, relating to
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suffix -ary
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pertaining to, relating to
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suffix -eal
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pertaining to, relating to
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suffix -ic
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pertaining to, relating to
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suffix -ical
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pertaining to, relating to
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suffix -ile
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pertaining to, relating to
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suffix -ior
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pertaining to, relating to
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suffix -ous
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pertaining to, relating to
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suffix -tic
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(adjective) pertaining to, relating to.
acous/tic-pertaining to the hearing |
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suffix -esis
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(noun) condition
di/ur/esis abnormal secretion of large amounts of urine di-double, ur-urine |
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suffix -ia
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(noun) condition
pneumon/ia infection of the lung usually caused by bacteria, viruses, or other pathogenic organisms. |
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suffix -ism
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(noun) condition
hyper/thyroid/ism condition characterized by overactivity of the thyroid gland |
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suffix -iatry
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(noun) medicine treatment
pod/iatry - specialty concerned with treatment and prevention of conditions of the human foot, pod->foot |
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suffix -ist
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(noun) specialist
dermat/o/log/ist - physician who specializes in treating skin disorders |
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-y
(diminutive уменьшительный) |
condition, process
neur/o/path/y - any disease of the nerves |
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-icle
(diminutive уменьшительный) |
small, minute, little
ventr/icle small cavity, as of the brain of heart, ventr: belly, belly side |
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-de
(diminutive уменьшительный) |
small, minute, little
arteri/ole minute artery, an arteriole is a terminal artery continuous with the capillary network |
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-ule
(diminutive уменьшительный) |
small, minute, little
ven/ule tiny vein continuous with a capillary |
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singular suffix
-a |
plural suffix
-ae retain the a and add e pleura-pleurae |
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singular suffix
-ax |
plural suffix
drop the x and add ces thorax-thoraces |
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singular suffix
-en |
plural suffix
-ina drop en and add -ina lumen-lumina |
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singular suffix
-is |
plural suffix
-es diagnosis-diagnoses |
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singular suffix
-ix |
plural suffix
-ices drop ix add ices appendix-appendices |
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singular suffix
-ma |
plural suffix
-mata retain the ma and add ta carcinoma-carcinomata |
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singular suffix
-on |
plural suffix
-a drop on add a ganglion-ganglia |
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singular suffix
-um |
plural suffix
-a drop -um add a bacterium-bacteria |
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singular suffix
-us |
plural suffix
-i drop us add i bronchus- bronchi |
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singular suffix
-y |
plural suffix
-ies drop y add ies deformity-deformities |
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chondr/o
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cartilage
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cyt/o
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cell
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hist/o
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tissue
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nucle/o
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nucleus
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anter/o
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anterior, front
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caud/o
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tail
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dist/o
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far, farthest
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dors/o
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back
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infer/o
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lower,below
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later/o
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side, to one side
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medi/o
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middle
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poster/o
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near, nearest
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ventr/o
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belly, belly side
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suffix
-ad |
toward
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suffix
-logist |
specialist in study of
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suffix
-logy |
study of
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suffix
-lysis |
separation, destruction, loosening,
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suffix
-toxic |
poison
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suffixes help describe position, direction, body divisions, and body structures
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-ac, -al, -ar, -iac, - ior
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another words to standard position
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anatomic position
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cephal/ad
(sěf'ə-lād') |
is a term that refers to the direction toward the head
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caud/o
caud/al [kawd-l] |
means tail. In this sense, tail designates a position toward the end of the body away from the head. Caudal -relating to the tail
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Proxim/al
proxim/o - near or nearest to |
describes a structure as being nearest the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure
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Dist/al
dist/o - far or farthest from |
describes a structure as being far from the point of attachment to the trunk or from the beginning of a structure
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Proxim/al
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describes a structure as being NEAREST the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure
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Dist/al
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describes a structure as being FAR from the point of attachment to the trunk or from the beginning of structure
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abdomin/o
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abdomen; abdomin/al - pertaining to the abdomen
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cephal/o
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head; cephal/ad - toward the head
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cervic/o
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neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus)
cervic/al - pertaining to the neck of the body or the neck of the uterus |
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crani/o
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cranium (skull)
crani/al - pertaining to the cranium or skull |
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gastr/o
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stomach
gastr/ic - pertaining to the stomach |
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ili/o
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ilium (later, flaring portion of hip bone)
ili/ac-pertaining to the ilium |
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inguin/o
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groin пах
inguin/al -pertaining to the groin |
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lumb/o
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loins (lower back)
lumb/ar - pertaining to the loin area or lower back |
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pelv/o
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pelvis -таз
pelv/ic - pertaining to the pelvis |
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spin/o
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spine
spin/al - pertaining to the spine or spinal column |
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thorac/o
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chest
thorac/ic pertaining to the chest |
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umbilic/o
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umbilicus, navel пупок
peri/umbilic/al pertaining to the area around the umbilicus |
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crani/al
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pertaining to the skull
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spin/al
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pertaining to the spin
spinal cord is the spinal cavity |
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BODY PLANES
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A body plane is an imaginary flat surface that divides the body into two 2 sections. Different planes divide the body into different sections, such as front and back, left side and right, top and bottom
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three major planes of the body
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median (midsagittal)
frontal (coronal) horizontal (transverse) |
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MIDSAGITTAL PLANE
(median plane) |
the median (midsagittal) plane lies exactly in the middle of the body and divides the body into two equal halves.
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HORIZONTAL PLANE (or transverse plane)
inferior superior |
the horizontal (transverse) plane runs across the body from right to the left side and divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior)
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process or recording
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-graph
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radiation, x-ray; radius (lower arm bone on thumb side)
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radi/o
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through, across
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-trans
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turning
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-verse
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RUQ
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right upper quandrant
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LUQ
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LEFT UPPER QUANDRANT
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RLQ
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RIGHT LOWER QUADRANT
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LLQ
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LEFT LOWER QUADRANT
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chondr/o
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cartilage хрящ
/ˈkɑrtlɪdʒ, ˈkɑrtlɪdʒ/ |
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gastr/o
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stomach
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inguin/o
inguinal /ˈɪŋgwənl/ |
groin
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lumb/o
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loins (lower back)
поясница |
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unbilic/o
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umbilicus ʌmˈbɪlɪkəs пупок,
navel /ˈneɪvəl/ пупок ex: umbilical |
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abd
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abdomen
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AP
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anteroposterior
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Lat
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lateral
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PA
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posterioarterior
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U & L, U/L
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upper and lower
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CT
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computer tomography
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CXR
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chest x-ray
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MRI
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magnetic resonance imaging
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PET
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positron emission tomography
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US
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ultrasound, ultrasonography
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SPECT
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single-photon emission computed tomography
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adhesion /ædˈhiʒən/
1) адгезия, слипание; склеивание; соединение; 2) сращение; спайка; спайкообразование 3) заживление (раны) 4) молекулярное притяжение |
band of scar tissue binding anatomical surface that normally are separate from each other
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inflammation
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protective response of body tissues to irritation, infection, or allergy
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sepsis /ˈsɛpsɪs/
сепсис, общая гнойная инфекция |
body's inflammatory response to infection, in which there is fever, elevated heart and respiratory rate, and low blood pressure
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computed tomography (CT) scan
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radiographic technique that uses a narrow beam of x-rays, which rotates in a full arc around the patient to image the body in cross-sectional slices.
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endoscopy
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visual examination of the interior of organs and cavities with a specialized lighted instrument called an ENDOSCOPE
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fluoroscopy
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radiographic procedure that uses a fluorescent screen instead of a photographic plate to produce a visual image from x-rays that pass through the patient.
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magnetic resonance imaging MRI
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radiographic technique that uses electromagnetic energy to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images of the body
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nuclear scan
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diagnostic technique that produces an image by recording the concentration of a radiopharmaceutical.
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positron emission tomography
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radiographic technique that combines computed tomography with the use of radiopharmaceuticals.
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radiography
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production of captured shadow images of photographic film through the action of ionizing radiation passing through the body from an external source.
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radiopharmaceutical
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drug that contains a radioactive substance that travels to an area or a specific organ that will be scanned
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scan
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technique for carefully studying an area, organ, or system of the body by recording and displaying an image of the area
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single-photon emission computed tomography
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type of nuclear imaging study to scan organs after injection of a radioactive tracer
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tomography
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radiographic technique that produces a film representing a detailed cross-section of tissue structure at a predetermined depth
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ultrasonography
/ˌʌltrəsəˈnɒgrəfi/ |
imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) that bounce off body tissues and recorded to produce an image of an internal organ or tissue
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anastomosis
/əˌnæstəˈMOʊsɪs/ |
connection between two vessels; surgical joining of two ducts, blood vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to the other
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cauterize
/ˈkɔtəˌraɪz/ |
process of burning tissue by thermal heat, including steam, electricity, or another agent, suchas laser or dry ice.
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adip/o
lip/o steat/o |
fat
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cutane/o
dermat/o derm/o |
skin
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hidt/o
sudor/o |
sweat
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ichthy/o
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dry, scaly
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kerat/o
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horny tissue; hard; cornea
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melan/o
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black
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myc/o
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fungus (plural fungi)
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onych/o
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nail
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pil/o
trich/o |
hair
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scler/o
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hardening; sclera (white of eye)
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seb/o
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sebum, sebaceous
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squam/o
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scale
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xer/o
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dry
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-derma
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skin
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-phoresis
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carrying, transmission
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-plasty
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surgical repair
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-therapy
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treatment
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lip/o/cytes
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fat cells
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sub/cutane/ous
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below the skin
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lip/ectomy
lip/o/suction |
excision of fat
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dermat/o/plasty
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surgical repair of skin
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