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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Speculated health practices whichpredate archeological records |
earliest civilizations |
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4 health practices which predate archeological records |
-burial rites -restrictions against defecation -use of herbs in preventing and curingdiseases -communal assistance with childbirth |
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Recorded health practices of ancientsocieties (before 500 B.C.): |
-Northern India, Indus Valley -Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt -Myceneans of Crete -Sumarian clay tablet -700 drugs in 1500 B.C. were known toEgyptians |
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Earliest written record of public health |
-Babylon: Code of Hammurabi -Book of Leviticus |
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contains laws pertaining to physiciansand health practices |
Code of Hammurabi |
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Guidelines forpersonal cleanliness, sanitation,disinfection of wells, isolation of disease,disposal of refuse & hygiene ofmaternity |
Book of Leviticus |
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-500 B.C. to 500 A.D. -13th & 12th centuries B.C., Greeks travelto Egypt -Knowledge of Babylonians, Egyptians,Hebrews, & other EasternMediterranean included in Greek’sphilosophy of health & medicine |
classical cultures |
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-physical games of strength & skill forupper class men -active in community sanitation -running water from the mountainssupplemented local city wells |
GREEKS (6th & 5th centuries B.C.), theGolden Age of Greece |
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-improved the Greek engineering andbuilt aqueducts & sewer systems -initiated community activities: regulation of building construction,refuse removal, street cleaning & repair |
Roman empire |
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Roman empire important contributions |
Christians built public hospitals public charitable organizations |
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-founder of Western medicine -Airs, Waters, and Places (5th century) |
Hippocrates (460 B.C. to 380 B.C.) |
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-medieval approach to health anddiseases differs from the Roman Empire -growth of spirituality -health problems: spiritual causes & solutions -dark ages -failure to recognize the role of physical & biological environment |
middle ages |
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growing revulsion of the Roman materialism |
growth of spirituality |
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dark ages |
epidemic |
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-spiritual era of public health -alchemy & bloodletting |
middle ages |
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9 middle ages epidemics |
-leprosy -plague -small pox -measles -diphtheria -influenza -tuberculosis -anthrax -trachoma |
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-rebirth of thinking about the nature of theworld & of human kind -expansion of trade in cities & nations: concentration of population in cities -travel of explorers led to colonialism |
renaissance |
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effects on community health: -used epidemiology to determine thosethat are getting sick -belief that diseases were caused byenvironmental not spiritual factors |
renaissance |
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2 renaissance prevailing theories of the cause of epidemics |
-miasma -contagion |
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stemmed from certainatmospheric conditions & frommiasmas rising from organic materials |
miasma |
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epidemics resulted fromtransmission of germs |
contagion |
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3 renaissance epidemics that were still rampant in England & London |
-plague -malaria -small pox |
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-population has increased in urban areas -explorers, conquerors & merchants & their crews spread disease & indigenous people |
renaissance |
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3 renaissance important personalities |
-John Graunt -Anton van Leeuwenhoek -Bernardino Ramazzini |
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Father of demography & descriptive epidemiology |
John Graunt |
