Mt 06: Drugs And Tests

Front 1

Antacids

Back 1

Neutralize hydrochloric acid in stomach. Two classifications--nonsystemic and systemic.

Nonsystemic: aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate, magaldrate, and magnesium hydroxide.

Systemic: sodium bicarbonate

Front 2

Antacid Mixtures

Back 2

Products that combine aluminum and/or calcium compounds with magnesium. Provide antacid action of both and counter the adverse effects of each other.

Gaviscon, Gelusil, Maalox Plus, Mylanta

Front 3

Histamine H2-Receptor Antagonists

Back 3

Inhibit day and night basal gastric acid secretion and inhibit gastric acid stimulated by food, histamines, caffeine, insulin, and pentagastrin. Used to treat duodenal ulcers.

Cimetidine, famotidine, nizatidine, rantidine.

Front 4

Muscosal Protective Medications

Back 4

Protect stomach's mucosal lining from acids but do not inhibit release of acid.

Sucralfate, misprostol

Front 5

Gastric acid pump inhibitors (Proton pump inhibitor-PPI)

Back 5

Antiulcer agents that suppress gastric acid secretion by specific inhibtion of H+/K+ ATPase at secretory surface of the gastric parietal cell.

Omeprazole, rabeprazole sodium, lansprazole, and pantoprazole.

Front 6

Ulcer Medications

Back 6

Treatment regimen for active duodenal ulcers associated with H. pylori may involve 2-3 drug program.

Clarithromycin, omeprazole, metronidazole-tetracycline-amoxicillin-pepto bismol.

Front 7

laxatives

Back 7

used to relieve constipation and to facilitate the passage of feces through lower GI tract.

bisacodyl, magnesium hydroxide, psyllium hydrophilic muciloid, phenophthalem.

Front 8

anti-diarrheal

Back 8

treats diarrhea

bismuth subsalicylate, kaolin mixture with pecti, and lopermide HCL.

Front 9

Anti-emetics

Back 9

prevent or arrest vomiting. Used to treat vertigo motion sickness, and nausea.

dimenhydrinate, promethazine HCL, trimethobenzamide HCL, and scopolamine.

Front 10

emetics

Back 10

used to induce vomiting in ppl who have taken overdose of oral drugs or ingested poisons.

Ipecac syrup

Front 11

alcohol toxicology test

Back 11

performed on blood serum or plasma to determine levels of alcohol. .05% is not considered under the influence.

Front 12

NH4 test

Back 12

performed on blood plasma to determine level of ammonia. May indicate hepatic failure, hepatic encephalopathy, portacaval anastomosis, high protein diet in hepatic failure, and Reye's syndrome.

Front 13

barium enema

Back 13

Administer barium through rectum to determine condition of the colon. Abnormal results indicates cancer, polyps, fistulas, ulcerative colitis, diverticulitis, hernias, and intussusception.

Front 14

bilirubin blood test

Back 14

Done on blood serum to determine if bilirubin in conjugated and excreted in the bile. May indicate obstructive jaundice, hepatitis, and cirrhosis.

Front 15

carcinoembryonic antigen

Back 15

performed on whole blood or plasma to determine presence of CEA. May indicate stomach, intestinal, rectal, and various other cancers and conditions.

Front 16

Cholangiography

Back 16

examination of the common bile duct, cystic duct, and hepatic ducts. Radiopaque dye is injected and films are taken. May indicate obstruction, stones, and tumors.

Front 17

choleocystography

Back 17

x-ray examination of the gallbladder. Radiopaque dye is injected and films taken. Indicates cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, and tumors

Front 18

colonfiberoscopy

Back 18

fiberopitc colonoscopy. Direct visual examination of the colon with colonoscope. Used to diagnose, remove foreign bodies, polyps, and tissue.

Front 19

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Back 19

x-ray examination of biliary and pancreatic ducts. contrast medium is injected and films taken. indicates fibrosis, biliary or pancreatic cysts, strictures, stones, and chronic pancreatitis.

Front 20

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Back 20

endoscopic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine.

Front 21

gamma-glutamyl transferase test

Back 21

A test performed on blood serum to determine level of GGT. Values may indicate cirrhosis, liver necrosis, hepatitis, alcoholism, neoplasms, acute pancreatitis, acute myocardial infarction, nephrosis, and acute cholecystitis.

Front 22

gastric analysis

Back 22

performed to determine quality of secretin, amount of free and combined HCL, and absence or presence of blood, bacteria, bile, and fatty acids. Increased level of HCL may indicate peptic ulcer disease, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, and hypergastremia. Decreased level may indicate stomach cancer, pernicious anemia, and a trophic gastritis.

Front 23

GI series

Back 23

fluroscopic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. barium is given orally and is observed as it flows through the GI system. Indicates esophageal varices, ulcers, gastric polyps, malabsorption syndrome, hiatal hernias, diverticuli, pyloric stenosis, and foreign bodies.

Front 24

Hepatitis-associated antigen

Back 24

Determines presence of the hepatitis B virus.

Front 25

liver biopsy

Back 25

May indicate cirrhosis, hepatitis, and tumors.

Front 26

occult blood

Back 26

performed on feces to determine GI bleeding. Indicates gastritis, stomach cancer, peptic ulcer, ulcerative colitis, bowel cancer, bleeding esophageal varices, portal hypertension, pancreatitis, and diverticulitis.

Front 27

ova and parasites test

Back 27

performed on stool to identify ova and parasites. Indicates protozoa infestation.

Front 28

stool culture

Back 28

performed on stool to identify presence or organisms.

Front 29

ultrasonography gallbladder

Back 29

visualizes the gallbladder by using high frequency sound waves. Echoes are recorded on an oscilloscope and film. Indicates biliary obstruction, cholelithiasis, and acute cholecystitis.

Front 30

ultrasonography liver

Back 30

visualizes the liver using high frequency sound waves. Echoes recorded on an oscilloscope and film. Indicates hepatic tumors, cysts, abscess, and cirrhosis.

Front 31

upper gastrointestinal fiberoscopy

Back 31

Direct visual examination of gastric mucosa through flexible fiberscope.