Msp Final (Color Vision)

Front 1

punkinje shift

Back 1

effect the change in peak sensitivity observed when shifting from scotopic to photopic

Front 2

photochromatic interval

Back 2

varies with wavelength

Front 3

principle of univariance

Back 3

1. probability of absorption is what changes photoreceptor sensitivity
2. once a quantum of light is absorbed all information regarding wavelength is LOST

Front 4

abneys law

Back 4

total luminance of light composed of several wavelengths is equal to the sum of the luminance of its monochromatic components

Front 5

light in relation to paint

Back 5

light: additive
paint: subtractive

Front 6

what is a complimentary color

Back 6

1. color combination which yields white
2.on a color wheel, comp. colors always lie on opposite sides of WHITE

Front 7

RGB in relation to CMYK

Back 7

RGB: additive...light
CMYK: subtractive...paint

Front 8

metamers

Back 8

two or more stimuli that have the same color but have different wavelength composition

Front 9

what are the three properities of grassman's law

Back 9

1. scalar: increase the INTENSITY of two metamers, they are still metamers
2. additive: add same WAVELENGTH to two metamers, they are still metamers
3. associative: a 3rd metamers is created for one of a pair of metamers, all three are metamers

Front 10

illumination with respects to saturation

Back 10

as illumination increases, saturation increases up till a point...until all of it gets bleached out...then saturation is decreased due to bleaching

Front 11

color purity

Back 11

the proportion of pure, dominant spectral wavelength energy relative to the amount of achromatic luminance objectively present in a color sample

saturation is the perceptual attribute most closely related to the physical attribute of colorimetric purity

Front 12

color matching function...
1. how many colors must a normal person use to match ANY color?
2. how is a CMF obtained

Back 12

1. three primary colors
2. by having a normal observer match each "monochromatic" wavelength with some mixture of the same 3 primaries.

Front 13

trichromatic theory is UNABLE to account for...

Back 13

1. some color-mixing results (no reddish-green or bluish-yellow)
2. chromatic after effect
3. simultaneous color contrast
4. color constancy
5. why can dichromats see white?

Front 14

what is chromatic aftereffect

Back 14

when you look at a color for a while and then switch to a white background, you see that color's complimentary color

Front 15

what did Ewald Hering contribute to color vision

Back 15

1. father of opponent color theory
2. red and green or yellow and blue CANNOT be sensed at the same time (opponent colors)

Front 16

traditional view of ZONE THEORY...what does it FAIL to explain

Back 16

1. the traditional view is that you get majority input from red and green cones
2. fails to explain COLOR CONSTANCY

Front 17

what is color constancy

Back 17

the tendency of objects to retain the same color appearance, despite changes in their illumination and, therefore the wavelengths of light that they reflect

CONTEXT MATTERS MORE THAN WAVELENGTH

Front 18

wavelength discrimination

Back 18

the ability to distinguish difference in the hue of two spectral (monochromatic) lights that differ ONLY in wavelength

best discrimination at 495-590nm

Front 19

macadam ellipse

Back 19

the normal JND for chromaticity having an elliptical shape when plotted on the CIE

people CANNOT discriminate colors in these ellipses

Front 20

yellow is respect to saturation and discrimination

Back 20

yellow (~570nm) is the LEAST saturated (most like white) spectral color and the one for which saturation discrimination is POOREST

Front 21

bezold-brucke effect

Back 21

1. changing the value (intensity) also changes the hue for most wavelengths
2. hues depends upon the light's illuminance as well as its wavelength composition

EXCEPT for... 478, 503, 578

"hue contour lines"

Front 22

abney effect

Back 22

1. the hue will shift from a colorimetry purity change/saturation
2. the color will change with saturation

Front 23

how many eyes is chromatic aftereffect done under

Back 23

1. MONOCULAR
2. NO INTRAOCULAR TRANSFER

Front 24

what does benham's disk demonstrate

Back 24

the different wavelength-opponent neural "channels" of our visual pathways have a different temporal response and recovery characteristic

Front 25

simultaneous color contrast

how is it different from aftereffect

Back 25

1. hue is influenced by its surround in complementary fashion
2. a color version of simultaneous brightness contrast

differs from an aftereffect in that, here, the inducing and illusory colors are visible simultaneously

Front 26

mccollough effect

Back 26

1. complementary hues, but the mccollough effect is NOT due to simple receptor adaptation
2. BINOCULAR TRANSFER
3. it can last a long time

Front 27

color assimilation

how is it different from simultaneous color contrast

Back 27

1. differs from a simultaneous color contrast by the similar (rather than complementary) influence of context

example: lighter pattern elements cause the background colors (dark) to appear brighter

Front 28

how does aging affect color vision

Back 28

1. lens yellowing
2. media scattering
3. rod function diminishes
4. cones still function well
5. unique hues remain constant with age

Front 29

what theory describes congenital defects the best

Back 29

trichromatic theory

Front 30

where are red/green deficiency so similar

Back 30

the genes for erythrolabe and chlorolabe are very similar (homologous) and are positioned next to one another on the X chromosomes

Front 31

confusion lines

neutral point

Back 31

1. people cant discriminate colors along the confusion lines
2. a wavelength that is achromatic to a dichromat is called the neutral point...least saturated point

Front 32

anamolous: intraAgenetic
dichromatism: intERgenetic

Back 32

anamolous: intraAgenetic
dichromatism: intERgenetic

Front 33

anomalous trichromacy does not have what...

Back 33

NO confusion lines
NO copunctal point
NO neutral points

Front 34

color astenopia

Back 34

ability to discriminate among different wavelengths worsens with prolonged viewing until they behave as dichromat of the same type

Front 35

color amblyopia

Back 35

1. poor color discrimination that is NOT associated with any documentable pathology of genetic defect
2. may be transient or permanent
3. very rare